|
| |
| | Punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Most often, criminals are punished judicially, by fines, corporal punishment or custodial sentences such as prison; detainees risk further punishments for breaches of internal rules. | | | In more serious cases, punishment in the form of fines and compensation payments may also be considered a sort of "restoration". | | | Punishment may also be applied on moral, especially religious, grounds, as in penance (which is voluntary) or imposed in a theocracy with a religious police (as in a strict Islamic state like Iran or under the Taliban) or (though not a true theocracy) by Inquisition. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment
(2114 words)
|
|
| |
| | PUNISHMENT - LoveToKnow Article on PUNISHMENT |
| | The second stage was punishment by individuals under the control of the state, or community; in the third stage, with the growth of law, the state took over the primitive function and provided itself with the machinery of justice for the maintenance of public order. | | | Punishment may take forms varying from capital punishment, flogging and mutilation of the body to imprisonment, fines, and even deferred sentences which come into operation only if an offence is repeated within a specified time. | | | Henceforward crimes arc against the state, and the exaction of punishment by the wronged individual is illegal (cf. |
|
http://81.1911encyclopedia.org/P/PU/PUNISHMENT.htm
(617 words)
|
|
| |
| | Ernest van den Haag/Legal Scholar |
| | Punishment is to vindicate the law and the social order undermined by the crime. | | | Consideration of the justice, morality, or usefulness, of capital punishment is often conflated with objections to its alleged discriminatory or capricious distribution among the guilty. | | | Although penalties can be unwise, repulsive, or inappropriate, and those punished can be pitiable, in a sense the infliction of legal punishment on a guilty person cannot be unjust. |
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/angel/procon/haagarticle.html
(3393 words)
|
|
| |
| | Legal Punishment |
| | Another question, concerning the preconditions of punishment, is whether those who appear before the criminal courts have been treated as citizens by the polity that now seeks to call them to account for their wrongdoing, and what the implications are if they have not. | | | Punishment, on this view, should aim not merely to communicate censure to the offender, but to persuade the offender to recognise and repent the wrong he has done, and so to recognise the need to reform himself and his future conduct, and to make apologetic reparation to those whom he wronged. | | | One retributivist answer to these questions which was popular for a time was that crime involves taking an unfair advantage over the law-abiding, and that punishment removes that unfair advantage. |
|
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-punishment
(4589 words)
|
|
| |
| | Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Capital punishment in China is not applied on a uniform basis. | | | Finally, capital punishment in China can be imposed on crimes against symbols and treasures of the state, such as theft of cultural relics and the killing of pandas. | | | Some commentators have noted the irony of targeting this aspect of capital punishment as a principal form of abuse of judicial power in China, when in fact the execution of large numbers of women appears due to the liberal principle of treating men and women equally under the law. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_People's_Republic_of_China
(1497 words)
|
|
| |
| | Catholic Social Teaching -- capital punishment |
| | We believe that the forms of punishment must be determined with a view to the protection of society and its members and to the reformation of the criminal and his reintegration into society (which may not be possible in certain cases). | | | The third justifying purpose for punishment is retribution or the restoration of the order of justice which has been violated by the action of the criminal. | | | With respect to the difficulties inherent in capital punishment, we note first that infliction of the death penalty extinguishes possibilities for reform and rehabilitation for the person executed as well as the opportunity for the criminal to make some creative compensation for the evil he or she has done. |
|
http://www.osjspm.org/cst/cappun.htm
(3029 words)
|
|
| |
| | Punishment |
| | Punishments may not be imposed in ways that violate the rights of accused and convicted offenders ("due process of law" and "equal protection of the laws"). | | | Fourth, punishment is imposed on persons who are believed to have acted wrongly (the basis and adequacy of such belief in any given case may be open to dispute). | | | Insofar as the system of punishment on which they rely is essentially just, none of the sentencing acts that the institution warrants are unjust (they may, of course, be unwise). |
|
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/punishment
(7238 words)
|
|
| |
| | Capital Punishment [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | The retributive notion of punishment in general is that (a) as a foundational matter of justice, criminals deserve punishment, and (b) punishment should be equal to the harm done. | | | Defenders of capital punishment argue that retributive justice is one such conflicting duty. | | | The applied ethics issue of capital punishment involves determining whether the execution of criminals is ever justified, and, if so under what circumstances it is permissible. |
|
http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/c/capitalp.htm
(2148 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Justifications of Punishment |
| | In order to justify punishment because it reforms there would need to be greater success with punishment as a reform than seems to be the case in actual fact. | | | But if is meant to be a general justification for punishment the way in which the legal institution of punishment works, especially in prisons, is hardly conducive to reform. | | | Hence the ‘punishment’ of the innocent cannot be justified as punishment because it is not punishment at all. |
|
http://www.vusst.hr/ENCYCLOPAEDIA/punishment1.htm
(1069 words)
|
|
| |
| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Capital Punishment (Death Penalty) |
| | The infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime. | | | The punishment of death at Athens was generally by poison in the case of freemen. | | | The punishment of death is pernicious to society, from the example of barbarity it affords. |
|
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12565a.htm
(4176 words)
|
|
| |
| | Capital Punishment |
| | Opponents of capital punishment who accuse the government of committing murder by implementing the death penalty fail to see the irony of using Exodus 20 to define murder but ignoring Exodus 21, which specifically teaches that government is to punish the murderer. | | | Opponents of capital punishment argue that it is not a deterrent, because in some states where capital punishment is allowed the crime rate goes up. | | | Furthermore, opponents of capital punishment candidly admit that they would oppose the death penalty even if it were an effective deterrent.(5) So while these are important social and political issues to consider, they are not sufficient justification for the abolition of the death penalty. |
|
http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/cap-pun.html
(2593 words)
|
|
| |
| | Punishment [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | He may bemoan his bad luck and wish that his punishment were not likely to further any utilitarian aims so that he may avoid it, but he cannot rightly accuse society of a violation of justice for failing to punish others when he does in fact deserve the punishment that is being inflicted upon him. | | | Since punishment involves inflicting a pain or deprivation similar to that which the perpetuator of a crime inflicts on his victim, it has generally been agreed that punishment requires moral as well as legal and political justification. | | | Punishment involves the deliberate infliction of suffering on a supposed or actual offender for an offense such as a moral or legal transgression. |
|
http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/punishme.htm
(4549 words)
|
|
| |
| | CJBS: Capital Punishment |
| | In 1972, the United States Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment, as it was then being administered, was being applied in an arbitrary and capricious manner which constituted cruel and unusual punishment (Furman v Georgia, 1972). | | | As a justification for capital punishment, deterrence is used to suggest that executing murderers will decrease the homicide rate by causing other potential murderers not to commit murder for fear of being executed themselves ("general deterrence") and, of course, that the murderer who is executed will not kill again ("specific deterrence") (Bowers, 1988). | | | As a result of the public's apparent support for capital punishment, and the possibility of its return, it is important to continue studying factors that influence people's attitudes regarding the death penalty. |
|
http://www.cpa.ca/ogloff.htm
(5269 words)
|
|
| |
| | Facts About Corporal Punishment |
| | School corporal punishment has been prohibited in eight Canadian Provinces, and is legal in five. | | | Corporal punishment is a cruel and obsolete weapon. | | | Twenty-seven states and the District of Columbia now have prohibited all corporal punishment in public schools. |
|
http://www.stophitting.com/disatschool/facts.php
(1370 words)
|
|
| |
| | Rethinking Crime and Punishment |
| | Between 2001 and 2004 Rethinking Crime and Punishment (phase one) supported more than 50 projects working to increase public understanding of, and involvement in criminal justice. | | | A strategic initiative to raise the level of public debate about the use of prison and alternative forms of punishment in the UK. | | | Rob Allen, RCP Programme Coordinator, Baroness Linklater, RCP Chairman, and Lord Justice Keene at the launch of Rethinking Crime and Punishment - implementing the findings, at the Royal Courts of Justice, 8 December 2005. |
|
http://www.rethinking.org.uk
(215 words)
|
|
| |
| | punishment |
| | France: ‘Punishment Park’ was released in France at the same time as in England, at the beginning of the 1970s. | | | Yet ‘Punishment Park’ has already been attacked by both the Left and Right, while even those sympathetic to the film have denounced Watkins for his claim that he is not concerned with politics. | | | ‘Punishment Park’ was released in the Murray Hill Cinema in an out-of-the-way part of Manhattan, New York City, and already it was clear that the US distributor was not going to properly handle the film. |
|
http://www.mnsi.net/~pwatkins/punsihment.htm
(7199 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Economics of Capital Punishment |
| | According to one definition of efficiency in society: a state in which no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off, capital punishment fails the test. | | | Punishment may be useful as a measure to correct the behavior of those who wish to be members of society. | | | If capital punishment were a significant deterrent to homicide, a sharply inverse relationship should appear between the two phenomena, particularly when seen in longitudinal perspective. |
|
http://www.mindspring.com/~phporter/econ.html
(3458 words)
|
|
| |
| | Corporal Punishment Research: Main Menu (spanking, paddling, caning, flogging) |
| | Colin Farrell's letter to a British politician, 1982 suggesting that you cannot sell the idea of judicial corporal punishment by concentrating exclusively on the deterrence argument, and discussing a number of legal and technical points that need to be addressed in any new proposal. | | | There are many external and internal links to detailed corporal punishment information, including legal, procedural or practical aspects, from official documents or from reliable published reports. | | | Subtly witty essay from 1956 on a remarkable character who made headlines with his pro-whacking campaigns and appears to have lived on the proceeds of supplying punishment canes to schools and institutions. |
|
http://www.corpun.com
(1805 words)
|
|
| |
| | Extrajudicial punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Extrajudicial punishment is physical punishment without the permission of a court or legal authority, generally carried out by a state apparatus needing to rid itself of a dangerously disruptive influence. | | | The idea behind extrajudicial punishment is that governments will break their own legal code when it is necessary for them to do so. | | | See NKVD troika and Special Council of the NKVD for examples from the history of the Soviet Union, where extrajudicial punishment "by administrative means" was part of the state policy. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrajudicial_execution
(428 words)
|
|
| |
| | Nonjudicial punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Nonjudicial punishment in the United States military, is a form of military discipline authorized by Article 15 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. | | | The process for a nonjudicial punishment is governed by Part V of the Manual for Courts-Martial and by each service branch's regulations. | | | The receipt of nonjudicial punishment does not constitute a criminal conviction, but is placed on the service record. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonjudicial_punishment
(724 words)
|
|
| |
| | Capital punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Communal punishment for wrongdoing generally included compensation by the wrongdoer, corporal punishment, shunning, banishment and execution. | | | Jurisdictions using capital punishment typically restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, with rare applications for treason and equated mortal sins such as apostasy. | | | Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the governmental use of execution as punishment for a crime often called a capital offense or a capital crime. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment
(5498 words)
|
|
| |
| | Punishment |
| | With such a cruel punishment facing one's possible future it becomes readily understandable why a crew might mutiny under a cruel Captain. | | | It is uncertain that every hanging was done with as much pomp and in the exact same fashion but it is almost certain that a grand public display of punishment would be meted out. | | | Some forms of punishments were in fact a death sentence. |
|
http://blindkat.hegewisch.net/pirates/punish.html
(2813 words)
|
|
| |
| | Close Up Foundation Civics Education Capital Punishment |
| | This was followed by an unofficial capital punishment moratorium among the states while the federal courts examined the constitutionality of various state death penalty statutes. | | | Capital punishment has also remained a perennial "hot button" issue; when the average person is asked if he or she supports the death penalty, that person is likely to give a definitive yes or no answer. | | | Capital punishment has a corrosive effect on society: it teaches and promotes revenge; it weakens and destroys the natural horror of bloodshed; and it cheapens the sanctity of life because society is willing to kill its killers. |
|
http://www.closeup.org/punish.htm
(6720 words)
|
|
| |
| | Catholic Social Teaching -- capital punishment |
| | We believe that the forms of punishment must be determined with a view to the protection of society and its members and to the reformation of the criminal and his reintegration into society (which may not be possible in certain cases). | | | With respect to the difficulties inherent in capital punishment, we note first that infliction of the death penalty extinguishes possibilities for reform and rehabilitation for the person executed as well as the opportunity for the criminal to make some creative compensation for the evil he or she has done. | | | The third justifying purpose for punishment is retribution or the restoration of the order of justice which has been violated by the action of the criminal. |
|
http://www.osjspm.org/cst/cappun.htm
(3029 words)
|
|
| |
| | Capital Punishment - Probe Ministries |
| | Opponents of capital punishment who accuse the government of committing murder by implementing the death penalty fail to see the irony of using Exodus 20 to define murder but ignoring Exodus 21, which specifically teaches that government is to punish the murderer. | | | Opponents of capital punishment argue that it is not a deterrent, because in some states where capital punishment is allowed the crime rate goes up. | | | Capital punishment is to be implemented because of the sanctity of human life. |
|
http://www.probe.org/content/view/68/91
(2577 words)
|
|
| |
| | Death Penalty / Capital Punishment Law - MegaLaw.com |
| | Capital Punishment 1999 - By Tracy L. Snell, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Dec. 2000 | | | Capital Punishment 1998 - By Tracy L. Snell, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Dec. 1999 | | | Capital Punishment 1997 - By Tracy L. Snell, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Dec. 1998 |
|
http://www.megalaw.com/top/deathpenalty.php
(1586 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Law |
| | Though there is a clear prohibition of collective punishment in international law, the Court defers to the military whenever security issues are involved. | | | This prohibition does not apply merely to punishment applied in response to acts committed by individuals, but also to the application of measures of intimidation to forestall acts that may be committed in the future. | | | In sum, as noted by the ICRC, the imposition of collective punishment is strictly prohibited by international law because by affecting all individuals regardless of individual responsibility, they violate all principles based on humanity and justice. |
|
http://www.alhaq.org/cp-campaign/the_law_main.htm
(2285 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Death Penalty |
| | After the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976, however, and because of court decisions such as Gideon v. | | | The Supreme Courts liberal bent culminated when the high court struck down capital punishment in 1972, on the ground it was cruel and unusual punishment as then applied. | | | As the United States embraces capital punishment more and more fervently -- 38 states have reinstated the death penalty-- the rest of the Western world has largely chosen to eschew the death penalty. |
|
http://crimemagazine.com/cp101.htm
(4373 words)
|
|
| |
| | BibleGateway - Quick search: punishment |
| | BEATING » As a punishment (Exodus 5:14; Deuteronomy 25:3; Mark 13:9; Acts 5:40;16:22,37) | | | you should fear the sword yourselves; for wrath will bring punishment by the sword, and then you will know that there is judgment. | | | APOSTASY » Guilt and punishment of (Zephaniah 1:4-6; Hebrews 10:25-31,39; 2 Peter 2:17,20-22) |
|
http://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch?quicksearch=punishment
(394 words)
|
|
| |
| | Salt of the Earth: capital punishment statistics |
| | There were 98 executions in the United States in 1999; the highest number since the reinstatement of capital punishment. | | | Capital Punishment Quiz : Amnesty International has created an online quiz to bolster society's knowledge of the death penalty. | | | Capital Post-Conviction Unit: informs defendants who have been sentenced to death where direct representation in post-conviction proceedings can be found. |
|
http://salt.claretianpubs.org/stats/capitalpun/capitalp.html
(804 words)
|
|
|
