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| | Affirmative action - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | During the Nixon administration, affirmative action was adopted as a federal mandate for companies with federal contracts and for labor unions whose workers were engaged in those projects. | | | The terms "affirmative action" and "positive discrimination" originate in law, where it is common for lawyers to speak of "affirmative" or "positive" remedies that command the wrongdoer to do something. | | | The Washington State Supreme Court interpreted I-200 to forbid affirmative actions that promote a "less qualified" applicant over a "better qualified" one, but not programs that sought to achieve diversity without consideration of individual merit. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action
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| | civilrights.org -- Civil Rights 101 |
| | AN OFT-USED -- and deliberately misused -- term in the lexicon of affirmative action is "quotas." President George Bush, for example, in vetoing the Civil Rights Bill of 1991, labeled it "a quota bill," and opponents of affirmative action use the word as a general pejorative to taint all race-conscious remedies for discrimination. | | | AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN EDUCATION has recently faced similar setbacks in the courts. | | | Such quotas are legally impermissible and are not a component of lawful affirmative action programs. |
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http://www.civilrights.org/research_center/civilrights101/affirmaction.html
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| | AAUP-Affirmative Action |
| | The court noted that to pass constitutional muster an affirmative action program must present both a compelling state interest and be narrowly tailored to meet that interest. | | | It its decision the Court endorsed diversity in higher education as a rationale for affirmative action in admissions. | | | The Court heard oral argument on both cases on April 1, 2003, and a decision was issued on June 23, 2003. |
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http://www.aaup.org/Issues/AffirmativeAction/aalegal.htm
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| | Washingtonpost.com: Affirmative Action Key Stories |
| | Affirmative action is now on the ropes, and the Center for Individual Rights, a conservative public interest law firm, has done much to put it there. | | | Struggling to preserve some elements of affirmative action in the face of skeptical federal courts, the Clinton administration issued new rules on race-based government contracting. | | | It is Sandra Day O'Connor, the court's first female justice and the swing vote on race policies, who likely will decide whether racial diversity alone is a valid reason for an employer to choose a person of one color over another. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/affirm/keystories.htm
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| | The Origins of Affirmative Action |
| | The actual phrase "affirmative action" was first used in President Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Executive Order 11246 which requires federal contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." | | | Under the law as written in Executive Orders and interpreted by the courts, anyone benefitting from affirmative action must have relevant and valid job or educational qualifications. | | | Originally, civil rights programs were enacted to help African Americans become full citizens of the United States. |
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http://www.now.org/nnt/08-95/affirmhs.html
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| | Bibliography on Race, Gender, and Affirmative Action |
| | Race conscious affirmative action is subject to review under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 if practiced by private or public employers and unions; Title VI if practiced by state or private recipients of federal funds; and the Equal Protection clause of the 14th | | | Thus, questions about the legality of affirmative action policies in education must be considered in view of First Amendment as well as the 14th Amendment and civil rights laws. | | | Affirmative action thus does not necessarily contradict the principle of merit or constitute reverse discrimination. |
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http://www-personal.umich.edu/~eandersn/biblio.htm
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| | What Does Affirmative Action Affirm? |
| | Affirmative action goes one step farther, however, and claims that descendants of the injured parties deserve compensation as well. | | | As with all schemes of distributing justice, choice is taken from individuals and given to social planners. | | | Among the damages that can be awarded are: hiring or reinstatement; promotion; training; seniority; a pay increase; back pay, which is broadly defined to include eg. |
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http://www.zetetics.com/mac/affirm.htm
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| | Affirmative Action Timeline |
| | The Court upheld a federal law requiring that 15% of funds for public works be set aside for qualified minority contractors. | | | The undergraduate program, unlike the law school's, does not provide the "individualized consideration" of applicants deemed necessary in previous Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action. | | | Issued by President Johnson, the executive order requires government contractors to "take affirmative action" toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/spot/affirmativetimeline1.html
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| | The Case Against Affirmative Action |
| | We have considered seven arguments for Affirmative Action and have found no compelling case for Strong AA and only one plausible argument (a version of the compensation argument) for Weak AA. | | | Weak Affirmative Action aims at encouraging minorities in striving for the highest positions without unduly jeopardizing the rights of majorities. | | | The Supreme Court recently refused to rule on the appeal, thus leaving it to the individual states to decide how they will deal with this issue. |
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http://www.dean.usma.edu/english/pojman/PublishedWorks/AffirmativeAction.html
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| | Affirmative Action History |
| | A record number of "friend-of-court" briefs were filed in support of Michigan's affirmative action case by hundreds of organizations representing academia, business, labor unions, and the military, arguing the benefits of broad racial representation. | | | In the same ruling, however, the Court upheld the legality of affirmative action per se. | | | Executive Order 11246 enforces affirmative action for the first time... |
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http://www.infoplease.com/spot/affirmative1.html
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| | National Coalition of Free Men |
| | I had a lawyer friend talk with Legal Aid and the ACLU and he reported, "Although the actions are unfair, I do not have a case". | | | But under affirmative action, the government did not apply the policies of eminent domain. | | | If they disagree with the proposed compensation they can go to arbitration on a case-by-case basis at a much lower cost than seeking redress in the courts. |
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http://www.ncfm.org/AFIRACT.HTM
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| | AAUP-Diversity & Affirmative Action |
| | Affirmative Action Plans Recommended Procedures for Increasing the Number of Minority Persons and Women on College and University Faculties | | | Affirmative Action in Education: A Current Legal Overview by Ann D. Springer | | | AAUP Responds to Oral Arguments on Affirmative Action Cases |
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http://www.aaup.org/Issues/AffirmativeAction
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| | UCB Libraries GovPubs Affirmative Action |
| | Affirmative Action and the Courts: a list of resources from AAAA, comprising the text of court decisions on affirmative action and links to legal news sources on the topic. | | | Provides the full text of executive statements, selected court decisions, pending legislation and regulations, as well as links to online news articles and an extensive list of related Internet sites., from the Center for Individual Rights. | | | Affirmative Action Review: Report to the President: a July 1995 report to the President of the United States on Federal affirmative action programs, by White House staff. |
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http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/affact.htm
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| | Technorati Tag: affirmative action |
| | Written Affirmative Action Plans This personnel policy manual and service helps employers write wage policies and procedures and get answers to hundreds of United States employment law compliance questions. | | | Get instant access to our entire database for a small fee. | | | A tag is like a subject or category. |
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http://www.technorati.com/tag/affirmative+action
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| | Affirmative Action Program |
| | The mission of the Affirmative Action Program of the Oregon State Bar is to support the mission of the Oregon State Bar: by promoting respect for the rule of law, by improving the quality of legal services, and by increasing access to justice. | | | The AAP will award the greatest preference consideration for those students whose statements can support an intention to practice law in Oregon. | | | This committee of 17 volunteer attorneys and 1 public member is a critical part of the Affirmative Action Program. |
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http://www.osbar.org/programs/aap/aapindex.html
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| | Affirmative Action Information Center |
| | From the 105th Congress: "The Civil Rights Act of 1997" - "A bill to provide for equal protection of the law and to prohibit discrimination and preferential treatment on the basis of race, color, national origin, or sex in Federal actions, and for other purposes." The legislation was not approved by Congress. | | | - A legal foundation that has been very active in opposing affirmative action laws. | | | - William Raspberry column that uses the U.S. Supreme Court case of Casey Martin versus the PGA to discuss affirmative action - June 4, 2001 |
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http://www.nationalcenter.org/AA.html
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| | American Civil Liberties Union |
| | The Racial Justice Project includes litigation, advocacy campaigns, and a special legal team. | | | Racial Justice : Affirmative Action : Legal Documents | | | ACLU Urges Supreme Court to Uphold Affirmative Action Policies in College Admissions (03/31/2003) |
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http://www.aclu.org/RacialEquality/RacialEqualitylist.cfm?c=134
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| | Washingtonpost.com: Affirmative Action Special Report |
| | Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions. | | | Bill Lann Lee's nomination to be assistant attorney general for civil rights was rebuffed by the Senate because of his support for affirmative action. | | | Heartened by recent Supreme Court decisions that have limited affirmative action – and by the passage in 1996 of a California ballot initiative abolishing sexual and racial preferences – Republicans are taking up the battle wherever they can. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/affirm/affirm.htm
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| | NPR : Split Ruling on Affirmative Action |
| | Listen to the full-length audio of oral arguments before the Supreme Court, heard April 1, 2003 (2 hours). | | | Grutter appealed that ruling to the Supreme Court. | | | Browse more NPR News coverage of the U.S. Supreme Court and affirmative action. |
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http://www.npr.org/news/specials/michigan
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| | Politics1 - Affirmative Action Research Links |
| | Center for Individual Rights - Anti-Affirmative Action Legal Organization | | | American Civil Rights Institute - Anti-Affirmative Action Organization | | | Leadership Conference on Civil Rights - Pro-Affirmative Action Organization |
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http://www.politics1.com/issues-affirm.htm
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| | Affirmative Action Debate - The Politics of Race in Education and the Workplace |
| | "Thus, Affirmative Action stands as a counterbalancing mechanism to force these employers to seriously evaluate minority candidates who are qualified. | | | I believe the US Supreme Court has set a 25 year deadline of sorts for ending Affirmative Action. | | | The albatross of the need to provide continued support for affirmative action that was placed on the neck of the Democratic Party by the Republican Justice O'Connor is driving away formerly-Democratic white working-class voters by the millions. |
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http://www.opinetree.com/affirmativeaction.html
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| | Affirmative action's evolution csmonitor.com |
| | While such statistics might have provided compelling evidence for the justices debating affirmative action in the 1970s, since the Bakke decision black-white equality is no longer the intellectual underpinning that drives the affirmative-action debate. | | | Twenty-five years ago when the US Supreme Court issued its landmark affirmative- action decision in the Bakke case, Justice Thurgood Marshall wrote a separate opinion arguing for the necessity of using racial classifications to remedy historic discrimination against blacks. | | | He lost that fight by one vote, with only four of the nine justices agreeing that the Constitution permits the use of racial quotas and set-asides in such circumstances. |
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/0328/p01s01-usju.html
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| | Affirmative Action |
| | Read background on the legal history of affirmative action. | | | A series of Supreme Court decisions supported various kinds of affirmative action, but others have limited or opposed it. | | | Read a brief overview of some of the moral issues raised by affirmative action. |
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http://users.telerama.com/~jdehullu/action/aatop.htm
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| | U.S. Department of Labor - Find It By Topic - Hiring - Affirmative Action |
| | These procedures should be incorporated into the company’s written personnel policies. | | | Employers with written affirmative action programs must implement them, keep them on file and update them annually. | | | Affirmative actions include training programs, outreach efforts, and other positive steps. |
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http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/hiring/affirmativeact.htm
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| | Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was it necessary in academia? |
| | Affirmative Action Reconsidered: Was it necessary in academia? | | | Reprinted with the permission of The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C. | | | Published in 1975 by the American Enterprise Institute, this monograph by Thomas Sowell “examines the claims and counterclaims surrounding” affirmative action “as it has been implemented in academia.” |
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http://www.amatecon.com/etext/aar/aar.html
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| | Affirmative Action Resources |
| | We are the only reseller of AutoAAP Affirmative Action software located on the East Coast. | | | Affirmative Action Plan development, review, and audit support. | | | A human resource consulting services in the areas of equal employment opportunity, test development and validation, pay reviews, affirmative action plans and police testing. |
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http://www.hr-guide.com/data/074.htm
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| | CNN.com - How affirmative action helped George W. - Jan. 20, 2003 |
| | The president might ask himself, "Wait a minute. | | | And yet seven years later he was President of the U.S. So what is the difference between the kind of affirmative action that got Bush where he is today and the kind he wants the Supreme Court to outlaw? | | | Opponents and supporters of affirmative action actually tend to agree that there is something bad, generally called quotas, and something good, generally called something like diversity. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/20/timep.affirm.action.tm
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| | Affirmative Action |
| | Throughout this year, affirmative action has been under fire in the courts and by Republicans. | | | Often times, opponents of affirmative action state that we are not obligated to rectify the wrongs of our ancestors. | | | Given that racism is an existing reality that creates unfair inequity, I believe the Church teaching calls us to address the issue with legislative corrective measures. |
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http://affaction.blogspot.com
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| | CNN.com - Bake sales used to protest affirmative action - Dec. 24, 2003 |
| | • Supreme Court decision upholds and limits affirmative action | | | "It's a good example of what affirmative action does, judging people based on race," said Jason Chambers, president of the University of Washington College Republicans, which held a sale in October that shut down when some students began attacking the booth. | | | "The statements of the UW College Republicans in putting on a bake sale about affirmative action were tasteless, divisive and hurtful to many members of the university community," he wrote. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/West/12/24/affirmative.bake.sale.ap
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| | SWW ON AFFIRMATIVE ACTION |
| | Is there enough racism to warrant affirmative action? | | | He wasn't the "right kind" of mathematician, so instead we hired the "right kind" of Caucasian in the same field- he resigned after one year, and his "last minute" Caucasian replacement was not re-hired a second year. | | | The reason to have Affirmative Action in this country, which believes itself to be an example for the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, is freedom. |
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http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~sww/affirmact.html
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| | Affirmative Action Information Center |
| | Affirmative action programs nationwide continue to be the target of anti-civil rights and anti-women's rights groups. |
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http://www.feminist.org/other/ccri/cahome.html
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| | [No title] |
| | Report on affirmative action to President Clinton by his staff. | | | A special issue of The New Democrat (the Democratic Leadership Council's official magazine) devoted to discussion of affirmative action. | | | Matloff was formerly Chair of the faculty committee on Affirmative Action, and has long been active in committees and programs aimed at improving conditions for minorities and women. |
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http://heather.cs.ucdavis.edu/pub/AffirmativeAction/Index.html
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| | Affirmative Action Register |
| | The AAR on-line, in conjunction with our printed publication, the AFFIRMATIVE ACTION REGISTER, notifies you of professional, managerial and administrative positions for which qualified candidates are being sought. | | | Our advertisers represent institutions, organizations and companies who make extra effort to reach qualified candidates within all segments of our society, with special effort to notify members of Federally mandated groups that the position openings exist. | | | More than three quarters of the employers that post there are U.S. colleges and universities seeking a diverse pool of applicants, says Lucy Knapp, assistant editor of the site, which is published in St. Louis, Mo. About 125 new jobs, from entry to senior level, are added on the 20th of each month. |
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http://www.aar-eeo.com
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| | civilrights.org -- Affirmative Action Information, Resources, and News |
| | Civil rights groups are putting their support behind the American Bar Association's (ABA) revision of its diversity standard as anti-affirmative action groups work to have the ABA's accreditation powers revoked. | | | New: Southern Illinois University's Statement on Its Change to Affirmative Action | | | On February 11, the ABA's accrediting arm, Council of the Section of Legal Education and Admissions to the Bar, proposed changes to update its Equal Opportunity and Diversity Standard 211... |
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http://www.civilrights.org/issues/affirmative
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| | Affirmative Action Office |
| | Penn State University is committed to the concept of affirmative action to ensure equal opportunity in all aspects of employment for those historically excluded and to foster diversity in the University community. | | | The University has a comprehensive Affirmative Action Plan which sets forth programs and goals for increasing the representation of historically excluded groups. | | | The Affirmative Action Office is a service organization that supports and enhances the University's commitment to diversity, providing expert advice and leadership to colleges, departments, faculty and staff in their efforts to recruit and retain a diverse workforce and ensure an environment free from discrimination and harassment. |
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http://www.psu.edu/dept/aaoffice
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| | American Association for Affirmative Action |
| | © 1996 - 2005 American Association for Affirmative Action | | | AAAA ISSUES STATEMENT REGARDING NOMINATION OF JUDGE JOHN G. (Click on "ALERTS AND NEWS" for the Statement) | | | AAAA OPPOSES DOL'S EXEMPTION OF KATRINA CONTRACTORS FROM AFFIRMATIVE ACTION RULES |
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http://www.affirmativeaction.org
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