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| | COMITIA - LoveToKnow Article on COMITIA |
 | | The comitia centuriata was by law compelled to meet outside the city and its gathering place was usually the Campus. | | | It was restricted only by the conservatism of the Roman, by the condition that the initiative must always be taken by a magistrate, by the defacto authority of the senate, and by the magisterial veto which the senate often had at its command (see SENATE). | | | But it is probable that, in the developed procedure, where it was known that the judgment pronounced might legally give rise to the appeal, the magistrate pronounced no sentence, but brought the case at once before the people. |
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http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CO/COMITIA.htm
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| | Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, page 334 |
| | Thus these comitia acquired a jurisdiction, dependent, it is true, on a previous judgment of the magistrates, and limited to capital cases which admitted of appeal. | | | At first these comitia had merely served as a court of appeal against the fines imposed by the tribunes for violation of their authority. | | | The jurisdiction of the comitia trfbuta was developed in the same way. |
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http://www.ancientlibrary.com/seyffert/0337.html
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| | Constitution (Revised) |
| | Voting procedures for legislation brought before the Comitia Centuriata are only to be initiated by a Consul or Praetor, who first must put the bill before the Senate, where he may, but is not required to, receive a Senatus Consultum. | | | Legislation brought before the Comitia Centuriata can either be voted upon right away as presented by the magistrate, or the presiding magistrate can institute a lex rogata, whereupon a period of nine days can be dedicated to popular discussion and alteration of the law. | | | (3) As a court of appeal for capital cases, the Comitia Centuriata is rendered thus: Any criminal cases which end in a sentence of death or public death (exile) are immediately brought before the Assembly and voted upon. |
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http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/446237
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| | Roman Assemblies |
| | The comitia curiata though also could act as a court of appeal for death sentences, if the quaestors deemed it suitable to hand a case to them for review. | | | Also it was the highest court of appeal for executions or exile. | | | In the later republic became the chief law making body, together with the comitia tributa. |
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http://www.roman-empire.net/republic/rep-assembly.html
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| | Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, page 154 |
| | The interrex, for instance, could, in case of there being no consuls, summon the comitia centuriata to hold an election, but he could summon them for this purpose only. | | | The right of summoning the comitia centuriata originally belonged to the king. | | | This popular jurisdiction was gradually limited to political trials, common offences being dealt with by the ordinary commissions. |
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http://www.ancientlibrary.com/seyffert/0157.html
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| | Ancient Rome From the Earliest Times Down to 476 A.D By Robert F. Pennel (1890)- Chapter 46 from Nalanda Digital ... |
| | Their power was equal, and they had the right before all others of summoning the Senate and the Comitia Centuriáta, in each of which they presided. | | | They were always plebeians, and their chief power lay in their right to veto any decree of the Senate, any law of the Comitia, and any public act of a magistrate. | | | Their persons were considered sacred, and no one could hinder them in the discharge of their official duties under penalty of death. |
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http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/ancrome/chapter46.html
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| | ROMAN LEAGUE |
| | The comitia are regularly presided over by the consul; they elect all the higher magistrates, and have full power of making laws, as well as jurisdiction in criminal cases so far as this has not been transferred to the Quaestiones Perpetuae. | | | The case is supposed first to be decided by the magistrate, who, having given notice (diem dicere) to the defendant (reus), brings forward a bill (rogatio) enacting the punishment. | | | If the case is a capital one, involving the status of a Roman citizen, it is brought before the comitia centuriata convened by the magistrate for the purpose, and decided like any other question. |
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http://www.s-p-q-r.org/romanleague
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| | Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.12.14 |
| | In any case, S. claims that at the beginning of the republic the comitia curiata inherited the king's criminal jurisdiction, moving from audience (or perhaps advisory body) to true court. | | | One might then wonder whether the alleged law is perhaps a casual reference to the much better attested provision about the comitia centuriata. | | | Different offenses (poisoning, "gangsterism," simple murder) were originally tried before different courts, and it is not clear when any of these originated (probably after 142 and before Sulla) nor whether they were joined into a single court before Sulla's lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficiis. |
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http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1995/95.12.14.html
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| | comitia -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! |
| | Its simpler procedures and the availability of tribunes made this comitia an important legislative body of the middle and later periods of Republican Rome. | | | The last piece of recorded legislation by the comitia is an agrarian law carried by the emperor Nerva in | | | plural Comitia, in ancient Republican Rome, a legal assembly of the people. |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9024942
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| | Hume, Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary, Part II, Essay X, OF SOME REMARKABLE CUSTOMS: Library of Economics and ... |
| | The legislative power was there lodged in the comitia centuriata and comitia tributa. | | | But his banishment, we may observe, never was considered as a legal deed, arising from the free choice and inclination of the people. | | | But there is no need for searching long, in order to prove the reality of the foregoing suppositions: For this was actually the case with the ROMAN republic. |
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http://www.econlib.org/library/LFBooks/Hume/hmMPL33.html
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| | [No title] |
| | The king was elected for life by the curiæ, upon the nomination of the senate, and the laws of the comitia conferred upon him the powers of a civil and military chief. | | | As the whole administration of justice, civil and criminal, had been transferred from the kings to the consuls, it soon became necessary to control the exercise of this formidable power. | | | The people were to choose quæstors to take cognizance of capital cases. |
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http://www.constitution.org/jk/jk_023.htm
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| | POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC |
| | Elected annually in the Comitia Centuriata functioning as the Chiefs (Head) of State sharing power with one another. | | | Curule Aediles were elected by the Comitia Tributa (these could either be plebeian or patrician). | | | Usually ex-consuls elected every five years in the Centuriata holding office for only eighteen months. |
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http://www.hoocher.com/politicalinstitutions.htm
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| | Quia - Wil's Terms Continued Again |
| | A form of comitia in which all people were summoned without regard to group. | | | Usually the contio convened near the rostra to hear debate on proposed legislation or an explanation of senatorial action. | | | The major comitia's most prominent role was the election of public officials. |
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http://www.quia.com/jg/659629list.html
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| | Classics Log 9510e - Message Number 61 |
| | etc.* In this passage Tacitus refers to the *comitia* formerly summoned to elect magistrates: therefore he may refer either to *comitia centuriata* or to both *comitia centuriata* and *comitia tributa*. | | | On the other hand, the *comitia* were summoned to approve laws until the end of the 1st century A.D., as W.G. Kerr rightly observed. | | | Perhaps >it should be pointed out in connection with this Dio passage, >however, that the context makes it clear that these meetings of the >comitia (both tributa and centuriata are mentioned) were pro forma >meetings called to rubber-stamp the predetermined elections of >magistrates. |
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http://omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu/mailing_lists/CLA-L/Older/log95/9510e/9510e.61.html
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| | The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right by Jean Jacques Rousseau: 4. The Roman Comitia |
| | Under the Republic, the curiæ, still confined to the four urban tribes, and including only the populace of Rome, suited neither the senate, which led the patricians, nor the tribunes, who, though plebeians, were at the head of the well-to-do citizens. | | | The reason for the first regulation needs no explanation; the second is a matter of policy. | | | For the comitia to be lawfully assembled, and for their acts to have the force of law, three conditions were necessary. |
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http://www.online-literature.com/rousseau/social-contract-or-principles-/47
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| | Please title this page. (iii.html) |
| | The comitia tributa is responsible for electing lesser magistrates and serves as a body of appeal for any case in which capital punishment is not involved. | | | It shall also serve as a body of appeal in criminal cases in which the death penalty has been imposed. | | | The comitia centuriata shall decide matters of peace and war and bear the responsibility of electing higher magistrates. |
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http://www.angelfire.com/games2/teccombat/constables/iii.html
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| | Comitia A Certification |
| | Discover the best places online for Comitia A Certification | | | Advanced Computer Training provides information technology training in order to prepare qualified individuals for permanent and contract employment. | | | preparing for their Comitia, Microsoft and Novell certification exams. |
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http://www.best-certification-course.info/9/comitia-a--certification.html
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| | COMITIA - Online Information article about COMITIA |
| | some consolation to the patricians that they not only succeeded in detaching from the consulship the administration of civil law, which was entrusted to a separate officer, praetor urbanus, to be elected by the comitia of the centuries, with. | | | Valerius Publicola or Poplicola carried in the comitia centuriata his famous law of appeal.* It enacted that no | | | We are told of a second secession of the plebs, this time to the Janiculum, and of negotiations with the senate, the result of which was the enforced abdication of the decemvirs. |
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http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/CLI_COM/COMITIA.html
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| | Roman assemblies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Roman politics were considerably more rambunctious than even the modern House of Commons). | | | Note that the Roman Senate was a deliberative chamber, and did not possess legislative or judicial powers. | | | The Comitia Curiata were the oldest Roman assembly after the "Comitia Calata", represented the original three Roman tribes, organized in 30 "curiae", voting units that each casted one collective vote. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_assemblies
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| | REVIEW SHEET |
| | Though the comitia tributa could hardly be called "democratic" in our sense of the term. | | | This aristocratic comitia centuriata elected the consuls and other high magistrates, declared war and ratified treaties, passed laws (leges) concurrently with the senate, and served as a court of appeal for citizens condemned to death. | | | The comitia tributa elected the "tribunes of the people" (tribuni plebis), and passed resolutions (scita or plebiscita, whence our word "plebiscite")which after 287 B.C. had the same force as the laws (leges) passed by the senate and the comitia centuriata. |
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http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/mcallip/Hist10/Rome/political_institutions.htm
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| | Legislative Branch |
| | All Roman citizens, whether patricians or plebeians, who had property to a certain amount, were privileged to take part and vote in the centuriata comitia, and none were excluded except slaves, peregrini, women and the aerarii. | | | Eventually became chief law-making body, as the laws of the Tribal assembly became binding on the entire state. | | | The most important of the Comitia units of organization within the Roman political system. |
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http://www.unrv.com/empire/legislative-branch.php
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| | earlyromepolitic |
| | comitia centuriata - 193 "centuries" (centuriae), basic unit of Roman army; enact laws (leges, sing. | | | Polybius, 6.12 and 15): supreme office in state; had imperium (power to command, interpret and execute law, inc. death penalty), symbolized by fasces (bundle of rods with axe protruding from top), held by lictors; eponymous office; elected by comitia centuriata; | | | Assemblies (Comitia) of Roman Citizens (Polybius 6.14, 15 and 17) |
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http://www.union.edu/PUBLIC/CLSDEPT/classics25/outlines/earlyromepolitic.htm
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| | Terminology, September 19-24 |
| | comitia curiata ("Curiate Assembly") originally the tribal, patrician, legislative assembly. | | | True power in the hands of the comitia centuriata, passing legislation, deciding war and peace, overseeing elections, acting as court of appeals. | | | Assemblies of Early Rome, 509-287 B.C. 300 members of the Senatus: oligarchic (former consuls and praetors), controlled state funds, directed foreign policy, administered public lands, oversaw and disbursed magistrates' responsibilities (all scrutinized by censors) |
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http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/classics/courses/1999fall/hi202/terminology_sept_22.html
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| | Roman Government: The Republic |
| | [Convene and preside over the Comitia Tributa, propose legislation; veto; exercise their ius auxilii and coercitio (the rights of assistance and summary judgment/punishment), etc.] | | | The Comitia Centuriata also deliberated on policy matters, such as deciding on peace and war, though the voters technically could only respond by a 'yes' or 'no' decision to questions or measures put to them by the consuls who were the presiding officers of the assembly. | | | The 'Class-Based' Voting Assembly - The Comitia Centuriata |
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http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~ekondrat/Rome_Govt.html
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| | consul (Roman history) |
| | With equal power they shared the full civil authority in Rome and the chief military command in the field. | | | They also convened and presided over the comitia centuriata and comitia tributa, conducting elections and putting legislative measures to the vote. | | | Consuls convened and presided over the Senate and they saw to the execution of its decrees. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0013586.html
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| | Chapter Co-meddle <i>to</i> Comitia of C by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) |
| | Copyright: All texts on Bibliomania are © Bibliomania.com Ltd, and may not be reproduced in any form without our written permission. | | | There were three kinds of comitia: comitia curiata, or assembly of the patricians, who voted in curiæ; comitia centuriata, or assembly of the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and comitia tributa, or assembly of the plebeians according to their division into tribes. | | | Chapter Co-meddle to Comitia of C by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition) |
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http://www.bibliomania.com/2/3/257/1194/22231/6.html
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| | Ancient Roman Empire Forums -> The Power Of Rome |
| | But the Comitia Centuriata elected the higher magistrates, declared war, and acted as the highest judicial appeals court. | | | the comitia centuriata of equites lost the right of the fisrt vote. | | | Even though the tribes each had a senate member, the true power in the senate was in the hands of the important or powerful families, such as the julii, brutii, claudian, etc. Another question is was there still a good amount of annomoisity between the plebians and patricians. |
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http://www.unrv.com/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=2&t=1524&view=old&
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| | MSN Encarta - Search Results - Comitia |
| | Dictator, title of a magistrate in ancient Rome, appointed by the Senate in times of emergency, and ratified by the comitia curiata. | | | Comitia, term applied to the formal legislative or elective assemblies of the people of ancient Rome, as distinguished from a contio, a public... | | | Citizens participated in the Assembly, which could pass laws, elect magistrates, and declare war. |
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http://ca.encarta.msn.com/Comitia.html
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| | Natal |
| | Every Roman citizen could appeal to the Comitia Centuriáta against sanctioned by the Senate and Comitia Centuriáta, were made binding importance with the other two. |
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http://www.free-web-template.org/na/natal.html
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| | Julius 2 |
| | They were elected annually by the Comitia Centuriata from a number of senators proposed by the Senate. | | | The King could ask the Comitia to confirm sentences of death and to pledge its loyalty during wartime and political crises. | | | The Comitia Centuriata voted on policies, but voting was organised on a class basis so that the richer classes had more power. |
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http://www.caractacus.bear.btinternet.co.uk/html/julius_2.html
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| | Theater of Pompey - Theatrum Pompei Project |
| | NO restrictions, however, exist on the use of original content. | | | Aediles: Two aediles curules elected annually in the Comitia Tributa; two aediles plebii elected in the Concilium Plebis. | | | The lex Villia probably specified a minimum age of 35 or 40. |
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http://www.theaterofpompey.com/rome/reviewmagist.shtml
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| | 04government |
| | comitia tributa: divided into tribes: votes on legislation, elects some magistrates, judges some cases | | | comitia centuriata: divided into centuries, or groups of one hundred: declares war, elects consuls, praetors, and censors, judges some cases |
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http://www.utexas.edu/courses/romanciv/04government.html
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| | Election To The Offices Of The Magistrates, The Entry To The Senate |
| | Imperium meant supreme authority, involving command in war and the interpretation and execution of law, including the infliction of the death penalty (Bradley 2000). | | | Having thus fulfilled the position of magistrate he became a senator for life. | | | Therefore we can understand that men were not elected to the Senate, but rather, by the middle of the Republican period a man was automatically admitted to the Senate (Shelton 1998) once he had been elected, normally by the Comitia Tributa or the Concilium Plebis, to his first magistracy. |
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http://www.roman-empire.net/articles/article-008.html
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| | COMITIA - Definition |
| | Note: There were three kinds of comitia: comitia curiata, or assembly of the patricians, who voted in curi[ae]; comitia centuriata, or assembly of the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and comitia tributa, or assembly of the plebeians according to their division into tribes. |
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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/comitia
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| | THE ROMAN STATE IN OUTLINE |
| | 366 B.C. Praetorship – elected by the Comitia Centuriata | | | The following is the final form of the republican machinery (i.e., the formal arrangements in use in the time of Augustus). | | | two equal magistrates annually elected by the Comitia Centuriata Their power was called imperium |
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http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/rome-state-outline.htm
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| | Roman Government Officials |
| | The Comitia Tributa met in the Roman Forum for legislation and judgments, and in the Campus Martius for elections. | | | The Concilium Plebis met in the Roman Forum for legislation and judgments, and in the Campus Martius for elections. | | | It consisted of citizens divided according to property value and age into 373 voting units called centuries. |
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http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~smartin/rome/gloss/govt.html
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| | [No title] |
| | In other words, a man was placed by the censors in a particular century according to his age and the amount of property he possessed, and he remained with that century whether he was summoned to vote or to fight. | | | Thus, the Comitia Centuriata met in the Campus Martius for elections and legislation, as well as for muster, because it was in origin a method of organizing the militia. | | | At that time, there were four legions, with 4000 to 5000 infantrymen in each legion and 300 cavalry.13 The allies also supplied four legions, with the same number of infantrymen in each, but with about 900 cavalry. |
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http://jbe.la.psu.edu/cams/wheeler/polybius.htm
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| | Century - definition of Century in Encyclopedia |
| | A century was also an electoral division of the Comitia Centuriata of the Roman Republic, mostly used for the election of magistrates. | | | Although originally 100 soldiers, it was more commonly 80 soldiers, led by a centurion. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Century
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| | Dissertationsdatenbank |
| | The consuls were elected by the comitia centuriata. | | | The latter was economically based an those clan-tribes which had been incorporated into the Republic in 403 B.C. The new chief magistrates, the tribunes, which were later given the name of ‘consular’ tribunes by the annalists, were elected by the comitia tributa. | | | It began to replace the comitia tributa as the relevant electoral body. |
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http://www.arcs.ac.at/dissdb/rn031574
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| | DDL -- SOTR Chapter 2 |
| | It was in that year that the Centuriate Assembly (Comitia Centuriata) -- whose citizen membership was a mix of patricians, middle classes, and plebeians for the all-powerful military's purposes -- eliminated the Senate's right to veto citizen-made law coming from any citizen institution. | | | From precedent to precedent, Roman citizen lawmaking grew from being applicable only to the plebs themselves in its 449 BC beginnings, to applying to the whole nation after approval by the Senate, to being the supreme law-giving of the nation in 287 BC. | | | Patricians in and out of the Senate were practical and wise enough to allow the Council Of Plebs to grow. |
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http://www.ddleague-usa.net/SOTR2.html
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| | A Report Comparing the Ways Americans and Romans Elect |
| | For example, the comitia centuriata elected me as one of their magistrates. | | | Other comitia would be concerned about other matters. | | | NJ News: For my first question, what are Roman comitia? |
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http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~au/reading2.htm
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| | DEMOCHARES - LoveToKnow Article on DEMOCHARES |
| | Th~ Greek states were what are known as city-states, the characteristic of which was that all the citizens could assemble together in the city at regular intervals for legislative and other purposes. | | | This system excluded not only all the slaves, who were more numerous than the free population, but also resident aliens, subject allies, and those Athenians whose descent did not satisfy this criterion (rcj 7~VeL u1~,caOapoi). | | | This sovereign assembly of the people was known at Athens as th~e Ecciesia (q.v.), at Sparta as the Apella (q.v.), at Rome variously as the Comitia Centuriata or the Concilium Plebis (see C0MITIA). |
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http://16.1911encyclopedia.org/D/DE/DEMOCHARES.htm
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| | Articles - Century |
| | (2) an electoral unit of the Comitia Centuriata of the Roman Republic, mostly used for the election of magistrates; only the first eighteen centuries consisted of 100 citizens, while later ones were much larger. | | | Century can also refer to Century City - two places and a film named after the Californian one. |
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http://www.1-furniture.net/articles/Century?mySession=710291686019377e433680...
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| | Forum Romanum |
| | RE: [novaroma] COMITIA CENTURIATA - Finalized Agenda & Schedule |
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http://www.novaroma.org/forum/mainlist/2001/index11-17.html
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| | Independence Institute |
| | In another part of the Federalist sometimes overlooked (No. 34), Hamilton refers to two of the Assemblies of the Roman Republic, the Comitia Centuriata and the Comitia Tributa, where the Roman people directly voted on laws, judicial decisions, and other matters. | | | In the comitia centuriata, for example, the rules were stacked in favor of the nobility. | | | The views of John Adams also form an important part of the historical record. |
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http://www.parentinfocenter.com/article.aspx?ID=598
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| | Abstracts of Papers |
| | One of the recurring political issues of the C1st BC was the debate over the political rights of liberti, freedmen; specifically, the question of how they were enrolled amongst the voting tribes of the Roman people (in the comitia tributa) and the classes (in the comitia centuriata). | | | Illuminating the interaction between the constitutions of the comitia centuriata and tributa, the social and financial status of liberti, and the urban crowd will be fundamental to this understanding. | | | The precise relation between this debate and the ideology of libertas is highly problematic given the nature of the sources, but its elucidation is of considerable interest for a better understanding of popular ideology in the period. |
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http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/classics/ichos/abstracts_of_papers.htm
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| | Comitia Centuriata |
| | Comitia Centuriata: originally based on a military structure, the centuria. | | | OTHER FUNCTIONS: passed law recalling Cicero from exile | | | There is little hold over of this military character, but note where they meet. |
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http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/gretaham/Teaching/romanciv/comitia_centuriata.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | 14.The earliest assembly at Rome was called the comitia curiata, instituted under the kings. | | | Bonus 2: Which of these had the duty of formally conferring imperium by means of a lex de imperio on the magistrates and later on the emperors? | | | It eventually lost its legislative and electoral functions to the comitia centuriata, but apart from passing the lex de imperio what function did it retain until late in the Empire? |
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http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/certamen/afa4.finals.html
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