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| | Legal Punishment |
 | | Legal punishment presupposes crime as that for which punishment is imposed, and a criminal law as that which defines crimes as crimes; and a system of criminal law presupposes a state, which has the political authority to make and enforce the law and to impose punishments. | | | One retributivist answer to these questions which was popular for a time was that crime involves taking an unfair advantage over the law-abiding, and that punishment removes that unfair advantage. | | | Another question, concerning the preconditions of punishment, is whether those who appear before the criminal courts have been treated as citizens by the polity that now seeks to call them to account for their wrongdoing, and what the implications are if they have not. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-punishment
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| | Punishment [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] |
| | Since punishment involves inflicting a pain or deprivation similar to that which the perpetuator of a crime inflicts on his victim, it has generally been agreed that punishment requires moral as well as legal and political justification. | | | He may bemoan his bad luck and wish that his punishment were not likely to further any utilitarian aims so that he may avoid it, but he cannot rightly accuse society of a violation of justice for failing to punish others when he does in fact deserve the punishment that is being inflicted upon him. | | | Retributivists attempt a justification that links punishment to moral wrongdoing, generally justifying the practice on the grounds that it gives to wrongdoers what they deserve; their focus is thus on the intrinsic wrongness of crime that thereby merits punishment. |
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http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/punishme.htm
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| | CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Capital Punishment (Death Penalty) |
| | The court was not invested with discretionary power in awarding punishment, since Demosthenes says that the law determined this according to the nature of the crime. | | | The infliction by due legal process of the penalty of death as a punishment for crime. | | | The infliction of capital punishment is not contrary to the teaching of the Catholic Church, and the power of the State to visit upon culprits the penalty of death derives much authority from revelation and from the writings of theologians. |
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http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12565a.htm
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| | Ernest van den Haag/Legal Scholar |
| | Punishment is to vindicate the law and the social order undermined by the crime. | | | Although penalties can be unwise, repulsive, or inappropriate, and those punished can be pitiable, in a sense the infliction of legal punishment on a guilty person cannot be unjust. | | | The punishment he suffers is the punishment he voluntarily risked suffering and, therefore, it is no more unjust to him than any other event for which one knowingly volunteer to assume the risk. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/angel/procon/haagarticle.html
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| | The Justifications of Punishment |
| | He argues that punishment helps "din the words in", ie, that if the rational explanations of why something involves a crime or an intolerable state of affairs are accompanied by some form of punishment then this may assist in the explanations being understaood or accepted. | | | Sometimes punishment is said to be justified because it reforms people, but usually this putative justification of punishment receives short shrift in the philosophical literature; reform is reform and punishment is punishment. | | | In order to justify punishment because it reforms there would need to be greater success with punishment as a reform than seems to be the case in actual fact. |
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http://www.vusst.hr/ENCYCLOPAEDIA/punishment1.htm
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| | Capital Punishment |
| | Opponents of capital punishment argue that it is not a deterrent, because in some states where capital punishment is allowed the crime rate goes up. | | | Furthermore, opponents of capital punishment candidly admit that they would oppose the death penalty even if it were an effective deterrent.(5) So while these are important social and political issues to consider, they are not sufficient justification for the abolition of the death penalty. | | | Capital punishment is warranted due to the sanctity of life. |
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http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/cap-pun.html
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| | Rethinking Crime and Punishment |
| | Between 2001 and 2004 Rethinking Crime and Punishment (phase one) supported more than 50 projects working to increase public understanding of, and involvement in criminal justice. | | | Rob Allen, RCP Programme Coordinator, Baroness Linklater, RCP Chairman, and Lord Justice Keene at the launch of Rethinking Crime and Punishment - implementing the findings, at the Royal Courts of Justice, 8 December 2005. | | | In December 2005, a focused programme looking to implement some of RCP's findings was launched - Rethinking Crime and Punishment - implementing the findings. |
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http://www.rethinking.org.uk
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| | CJBS: Capital Punishment |
| | Included in the anti-capital punishment defense were arguments that the death penalty is not a deterrent, is morally offensive and an archaic form of punishment. | | | Participants were asked to imagine that they lived in a jurisdiction in which the death penalty was a legal punishment, and that they were serving on a jury in the penalty phase of a capital trial. | | | In 1972, the United States Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment, as it was then being administered, was being applied in an arbitrary and capricious manner which constituted cruel and unusual punishment (Furman v Georgia, 1972). |
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http://www.cpa.ca/ogloff.htm
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| | Crime Magazine: An Encyclopedia of Crime |
| | Crime Magazine is about true crime: organized crime, celebrity crime, serial killers, corruption, sex crimes, capital punishment, prisons, assassinations, justice issues, crime books, crime films and crime studies. | | | Crime Magazine's list of favorite books on crime, criminals, and criminal justice. | | | DNA Exonerations is based on a 1996 study by the U.S. Department of Justice that details 28 cases in which men convicted of sex crimes, including murder, have been released as a result of subsequent DNA testing. |
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http://www.crimemagazine.com
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| | Capital punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime. | | | While those against capital punishment might claim this as an irrevocable right, proponents may claim that, as protection from abuse is the basis of such rights, that the right was forfeit by the seriousness of the crimes. | | | Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so severe that it 'deserves' death, either by decapitation (losing one's head) or otherwise. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_crime
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| | The Economics of Capital Punishment |
| | There is no clear empirical evidence to support the contention that capital punishment has any deterrent effect in the commission of the crime of murder. | | | According to one definition of efficiency in society: a state in which no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off, capital punishment fails the test. | | | Punishment may be useful as a measure to correct the behavior of those who wish to be members of society. |
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http://www.mindspring.com/~phporter/econ.html
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| | capital crime deterrent punishment - |
| | Punishment in crime deterrence, United States, Capital punishment Contents: The death penalty is a deterrent... | | | Capital punishment is meant to be a deterrent to crime, specifically murder... | | | criminals is not a deterrent to violent crime. |
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http://www.okkio.com/search/capital-crime-deterrent-punishment
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| | Punishment to Fit the Crime |
| | And since we don't know specifically which Arabs will be carrying out this crime wave, it is in the interests of national security to maintain the posture of collective punishment in order to at least limit the effects of the crime. | | | Collective Punishment is a punishment that is made to fit the crime in this case, for the crime is collective as well. | | | The Arabs and many in the foreign media have been complaining that Israel is inflicting collective punishment on the Palestinian people by withholding funds from the PA, preventing economic transactions from taking place between the PA and Israel, and imposing curfews and military closures on PA areas. |
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http://www.christianactionforisrael.org/isreport/march01/crime.html
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| | Capital punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the governmental use of execution as punishment for a crime often called a capital offense or a capital crime. | | | Communal punishment for wrongdoing generally included compensation by the wrongdoer, corporal punishment, shunning, banishment and execution. | | | Jurisdictions using capital punishment typically restrict its use to a small number of criminal offences, principally murder, with rare applications for treason and equated mortal sins such as apostasy. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment
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| | Touchstone Archives: Capital Crime & Punishment |
| | Retribution as a justification for punishment is lodged in two unbending ethical realities: the degree of wrongness of the criminal act, and the degree of the individual’s criminal responsibility in committing such an act. | | | Capital punishment in and of itself, however, is not an act of “revenge,” based on these definitions and distinctions. | | | John Paul indicated that capital punishment is rarely necessary, since “rare” are the occasions that require it. |
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http://www.touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=15-07-029-f
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| | Howstuffworks "Crime and Punishment" |
| | In a society based on laws, crime and punishment are serious topics. | | | Learn about various crimes and the available means of detection, protection, and punishment. | | | With each new crime that pops up, another method of detection is developed; and with each new crime that pops up, another means of protecting yourself comes to light. |
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http://people.howstuffworks.com/crime-punishment-roundup.htm
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| | Pro Capital Punishment Page |
| | The states that have capital punishment are compelled to have it due to their higher crime rates, not the other way around. | | | Changing views on this difficult issue and many legal challenges to capital punishment working their way through the courts resulted in a halt to executions in the United States in 1967. | | | However, the risks involving capital punishment is not nearly as dangerous or as insensitive to those it puts at risk as the risks that are associated with abolitionist standards. |
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http://www.wesleylowe.com/cp.html
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| | Crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The attempt to commit a crime may to be punished, even if the crime is not completed (in California, USA e.g., the punishment can be half of that for the crime itself [1]); for instance, it is generally a crime to attempt to murder someone, even if one has not succeeded in doing so. | | | Crimes are viewed as offenses against society, and as such are punished by the state. | | | Crimes can be divided into several (overlapping) categories: computer offenses[2], crimes against persons, crimes against property, crimes against state security, drug offenses, sexual offenses, and weapon offenses. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime
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| | The Death Penalty |
| | After the reinstatement of capital punishment in 1976, however, and because of court decisions such as Gideon v. | | | The Supreme Courts liberal bent culminated when the high court struck down capital punishment in 1972, on the ground it was cruel and unusual punishment as then applied. | | | As the United States embraces capital punishment more and more fervently -- 38 states have reinstated the death penalty-- the rest of the Western world has largely chosen to eschew the death penalty. |
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http://crimemagazine.com/cp101.htm
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| | ESL Conversation Questions - Crime (I-TESL-J) |
| | Do you think that punishment for violent crimes should be the same for juveniles and adults? | | | Is there a problem with organized crime and/or gangs where you live? | | | What crimes have you heard about recently in the news? |
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http://iteslj.org/questions/crime.html
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| | Encyclopedia: Human rights in Saudi Arabia |
| | Saudi Arabia is one of a number of countries where courts continue to impose corporal punishment, including amputations of hands and feet for robbery, and lashings for lesser crimes such as "sexual deviance" and drunkenness. | | | Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted felon as a punishment for a crime (often called a capital offence or a capital crime). | | | for other uses please see Crime (disambiguation) A crime is an act that violates a political or moral law. |
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http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Human-rights-in-Saudi-Arabia
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| | crime - Columbia Encyclopedia® article about crime |
| | crime: see criminal law criminal law, the branch of law that defines crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for their punishment. | | | ; criminology criminology, the study of crime, society's response to it, and its prevention, including examination of the environmental, hereditary, or psychological causes of crime, modes of criminal investigation and conviction, and the efficacy of punishment or correction (see prison) as compared with forms of treatment or rehabilitation. | | | A tort is a civil wrong committed against an individual; a crime, on the other hand, is regarded as an offense committed against the public, even though only one individual may have been wronged. |
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http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/crime
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| | Capital Punishment - Deterrent or Catalyst - A scriptural view of Capital Punishment - Mission to Israel |
| | ordain the death penalty as a judgment for, and a deterrent to, capital crime. | | | Capital punishment can only be the deterrent to future potential criminals that God intends it to be, if the execution of a properly convicted criminal is carried out posthaste. | | | If someone is unwilling to pay the restitution required by the law in non-capital cases, their contempt of court then becomes a capital crime for which they should be executed: |
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http://www.missiontoisrael.org/capital-punishment.php
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| | Capital Punishment - Probe Ministries |
| | Opponents of capital punishment argue that it is not a deterrent, because in some states where capital punishment is allowed the crime rate goes up. | | | Furthermore, opponents of capital punishment candidly admit that they would oppose the death penalty even if it were an effective deterrent.(5) So while these are important social and political issues to consider, they are not sufficient justification for the abolition of the death penalty. | | | Capital punishment is warranted due to the sanctity of life. |
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http://www.probe.org/content/view/68/91
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| | Pro Capital Punishment Page |
| | The states that have capital punishment are compelled to have it due to their higher crime rates, not the other way around. | | | Changing views on this difficult issue and many legal challenges to capital punishment working their way through the courts resulted in a halt to executions in the United States in 1967. | | | However, the risks involving capital punishment is not nearly as dangerous or as insensitive to those it puts at risk as the risks that are associated with abolitionist standards. |
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http://www.wesleylowe.com/cp.html
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| | Capital punishment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a crime (often called a capital offence or a capital crime), or as a deterrent to crime. | | | While those against capital punishment might claim this as an irrevocable right, proponents may claim that, as protection from abuse is the basis of such rights, that the right was forfeit by the seriousness of the crimes. | | | Thus, capital punishment is the penalty for a crime so severe that it 'deserves' death, either by decapitation or otherwise. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment
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| | Capital Punishment |
| | Hugo Adam Bedau in his article, "Capital Punishment and Social Defense" mentions, "Crimes can be deterred only by making would-be criminals frightened of being arrested, convicted, and punished for crimesand " (301). | | | For example, "Capital punishment may be imposed only when guilt is determined by clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts", "Anyone sentenced to death shall receive the right to appeal to a court of higher jurisdiction", etc. | | | Suppose there is no death penalty in a state and life imprisonment without parole is the maximum punishment. |
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http://www.bridgeport.edu/~darmri/capital.html
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| | The Babylonian Talmud, Tract Sanhedron, Rodkinson, tr.; Book VIII: Chapter IX |
| | Said Jeremiah in the name of Resh Lakish: The Mishna speaks of crimes to which korath applies, and he was forewarned of stripes, and was punished twice for the same crime. | | | Now, if he should hold with the rabbis that such is guilty of a capital crime, then such a statement is not necessary, as there is a rule that no payment is required in a case of capital punishment. | | | Nehemiah, however, infer this from the blasphemer, of whom Moses did not know whether he came under the category of capital punishment at all, and nevertheless he was imprisoned. |
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http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/t08/t0812.htm
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| | Executive Order 11081 |
| | The imposition and enforcement of disciplinary punishment under this article for an act or omission is not a bar to trial by court martial for a serious crime or offense which grew out of the same act or omission and which is not properly punishable under this article. | | | Nature of punishments.-- (1) Admonition and reprimand.-When an.admonition or reprimand is imposed as punishment under Article 15, it should be clearly indicated that it is imposed as as a punishment under that article. | | | Double punishment and increase in punishment prohibited' When punishment has been imposed upon a person under Article 15 for an offense, punishment may not again be imposed upon him for the same offense under Article 15 either by the commanding officer who imposed the punishment or by any other commanding officer. |
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http://www.cs.umb.edu/~rwhealan/jfk/exec_orders/eo11081.html
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