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| | Chinese Democracy |
 | | Given this long and tortuous history of democracy in China, and the numerous connotations and layers of meaning associated with the term "minzhu", when the term appeared on wall posters again in 1989, it was sometimes used less for its intrinsic meaning than for its ability to link present concerns with those of the past. | | | Mao Zedong and the Chinese communists embraced democracy as well; they called the May 4th Movement of 1919 the beginning of the "New Democratic Revolution," and of the Chinese Communist Party. | | | This action sparked a pro-democracy movement that quickly moved beyond the limits of what Deng and other party officials felt was gradual, Party-led social re-education. |
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http://www.tsquare.tv/themes/essay.html
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| | Washingtonpost.com: China Special Report |
| | The former electrician at the Beijing Zoo was first jailed in 1979 for advocating democratic reform during the short-lived Democracy Wall movement. | | | Wei told his audience today not to be discouraged by the weakened Chinese democracy movement. | | | NEW YORK, Nov. 21China's most prominent dissident, Wei Jingsheng, today embarked on his new role as China's most prominent exile by embracing his freedom after 18 years in prison and promising to press the cause of democracy for 1.2 billion Chinese. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/china/stories/wei1197.htm
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| | Democracy in China - 1989 Tiananmen Demonstration Timeline - tian22.htm |
| | April 15: the death of disgraced secretary general of the Communist Party (CCP) Hu Yaobang, who was toppled from power two years earlier for failing to curb small-scale democracy protests. | | | Upon his death, wall posters began appearing immediately on university campuses. | | | May 5: CCP party secretary Zhao Ziyang indicates a willingness to hold a dialogue with the students. |
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http://www.geocities.com/dredeyedick/tian22.htm
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| | Democracy |
| | Democracy Wall Movement Democracy Wall was a communist party system were being criticized along with past mistakes and l... | | | Chinese democracy movement The Chinese democracy movement was and is a loosely organized movement in the 1990s, the move... | | | People's Front for Democracy and Justice The People's Front for Democracy and Justice is the only legal Eritrean politic... |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/democracy.html
(525 words)
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| | XVth EACS-Conference - Abstracts - Section D: Modern History and Society |
| | The findings indicate that the public image of the individual participants used in the justification of the Democracy Wall Movement was closely connected to the modes of self-perception and its public display that had been dominant during the Cultural Revolution and belonged to the longer Chinese communist folklore of revolutionary heroism. | | | Thus far, most Western research made on the Movement has concentrated on the nature of democratic reforms the Movement’s activists were proposing and emphasised the influence liberal democratic ideas had in the Democracy Wall Movement. | | | The Democracy Wall Movement in Beijing 1978-1980 is generally regarded as the starting point of the contemporary mainland Chinese democracy movement. |
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http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/eacs2004/content/abstracts/section-d.php?section=6
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| | II Journal: An ii Interview with Visting Artist Bei Dao: Poet in exile |
| | But part of it is probably that the authorities saw a continuity between the 1978 Democracy Wall Movement, when Jintian was launched, and the events of 1989. | | | It enabled him to say: ``Here are the voices of the people, and they are on my side.'' And so Deng encouraged the Democracy Wall movement for a while, but once he came into power he stopped the movement. | | | Bei Dao: The Democracy Wall movement started with people writing out their grievances, writing out what they had had to suffer during the Cultural Revolution. |
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http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/journal/vol2no1/v2n1_Bei_Dao.html
(3581 words)
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| | WEI JINGSHENG |
| | This was "The Fifth Modernization-Democracy," signed with the pen-name Wei Jingsheng was to use throughout the Democracy Wall movement, Jin Sheng (golden voice). | | | In the spirit of China's first unorchestrated, large-scale protests since 1949, the April Fifth Movement, the Democracy Wall movement let loose a flood of new and previously taboo ideas, creating the only sustained, spontaneous, critical political discussion the People's Republic had known. | | | But as Democracy Wall activists began to go beyond the limited role he had envisaged for them and to criticize China's whole political system, Deng began to reconsider this alliance of convenience. |
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http://www.echonyc.com/~wei/Story.html
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| | Democracy |
| | Democracy Wall Movement Democracy Wall was a communist party system were being criticized along with past mistakes and l... | | | Chinese democracy movement The Chinese democracy movement was and is a loosely organized movement in the 1990s, the move... | | | Democracy: The God That Failed Democracy: The God That Failed is a World War I and that it must be delegitimized. |
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http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/democracy.html
(1342 words)
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| | Democracy Wall Movement |
| | The Democracy Wall movement activists were silenced, and the rights to publish, speak, associate, and assemble freely guaranteed in the constitution were treated as criminal acts. | | | Several of the participants in the Democracy Wall movement joined the 1986 movement for political rights, which started at the University of Science and Technology in Anhui and moved up the coast until it was suppressed when it sought to enter Tiananmen Square, the symbolic center of political authority in China. | | | Although the Democracy Wall activists employed the same methods of wall posters, pamphlets, open debates and establishing their own networks, that they had used when Mao summoned them to rebel against authority in the Cultural Revolution, their goals were different. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/199903/9903a007.htm
(3265 words)
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| | Democracy Wall Movement |
| | Several of the participants in the Democracy Wall movement joined the 1986 movement for political rights, which started at the University of Science and Technology in Anhui and moved up the coast until it was suppressed when it sought to enter Tiananmen Square, the symbolic center of political authority in China. | | | The Democracy Wall movement activists were silenced, and the rights to publish, speak, associate, and assemble freely guaranteed in the constitution were treated as criminal acts. | | | Although the Democracy Wall activists employed the same methods of wall posters, pamphlets, open debates and establishing their own networks, that they had used when Mao summoned them to rebel against authority in the Cultural Revolution, their goals were different. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/199903/9903a007.htm
(3265 words)
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| | WEI JINGSHENG |
| | In the spirit of China's first unorchestrated, large-scale protests since 1949, the April Fifth Movement, the Democracy Wall movement let loose a flood of new and previously taboo ideas, creating the only sustained, spontaneous, critical political discussion the People's Republic had known. | | | This was "The Fifth Modernization-Democracy," signed with the pen-name Wei Jingsheng was to use throughout the Democracy Wall movement, Jin Sheng (golden voice). | | | His first visit filled him with inspiration: in a single night he wrote his celebrated essay, "The Fifth Modernization-Democracy." With virtually no revisions, it was posted on Democracy Wall by a friend at 2 o'clock in the morning of December 5, 1978. |
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http://www.echonyc.com/~wei/Story.html
(3265 words)
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| | Dissidents' Information from Silicon Valley for Democracy in China |
| | Pan took part in the Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s as well as the pro-democracy protests of 1989. | | | He was also a participant of the Democracy Wall movement in the 70s. | | | took part in the 1979 Democracy Wall movement, is still a vocal advocate of an independent labor party. |
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http://www.svdc.org/dissidents.html
(1861 words)
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| | Democracy Wall Movement |
| | Though they may even disagree with the views or tactics of the one being attacked, the leaders of the Democracy Wall movement immediately came to the defense of their colleagues under attack. | | | In December 1979, Democracy Wall at Xidan was formally closed down. | | | The Democracy Wall movement quickly spread from the Xidan Wall in Beijing to other walls in the city and to other cities Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Huangzhou and Qingdao. |
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http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~asiactr/haq/199903/9903a007.htm
(1861 words)
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| | Free-TermPapers.com - Democracy Movements In China |
| | When questioned about democracy wall by overseas visitors he reaffirmed more than once that the Chinese people had every right to express their views and that the CCP was not in the least concerned with the criticism in the posters. | | | Many of the views expressed during the Democracy Wall movement regarding the corruption of the party and its lack of legitimacy as a representative of the people are directly related to the main concerns of the Cultural Revolution Rebels and indeed many of the same people, both workers and former students were involved. | | | This was ironic because Hu had been at the forefront of the crackdown on the democracy wall movement and one of the first to condemn the participants in that movement as counter-revolutionaries. |
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http://www.free-termpapers.com/tp/36/pwr130.shtml
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| | victims.html |
| | Veteran activist of 1978-79 Democracy Wall movement and signatory of "Blood" petition. | | | Veteran activist of the 1979 Democracy Wall Movement and member of the April 5 Forum, Xu, 45, has been imprisoned twice for his pro-democracy activities for a total of 12 years. | | | Lu, 28, is a former student of the Hainan Mining Institute and was an active participant in the 1989 pro-democracy movement. |
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http://www.christusrex.org/www1/sdc/victims.html
(1274 words)
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| | Suppression of democracy in China - November 16, 1999 |
| | Wei Jingsheng who was the organizer of the Democracy Wall Movement of 1978, Wang Dan, the student organizer of the Pro-Democracy Movement of 1989, and Fang Lizhi, the organizer of the Democracy Salons of 1988 and 1989, and the Pro Democracy Movement of 1989. | | | I call on those who live in freedom to denounce the Chinese government's actions of June 4, 1989, and support the dissidents like Harry Wu, the head of the Laogai Research Foundation. | | | Suppression of democracy in China- November 16, 1999 |
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http://wildcat.arizona.edu/papers/93/60/05_3_m.html
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| | DON’T ROCK THE BOAT |
| | Xu earlier served 12 years in prison, much of it in solitary confinement for his involvement in the Democracy Wall movement of the late 1970s. | | | Wei Jingsheng, Xu's colleague from the Democracy Wall era, protested the sentences during a visit to Taiwan on Monday, saying "The Chinese Communist authorities' behaviour is totally unrestrained and irrational." | | | The crackdown intensified last month when police arrested Xu and Qin Yongmin, another veteran of the Democracy Wall movement, and announced charges against Wang, who was already in custody. |
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http://www.lockstockandbarrel.org/news/dont_rock_the_boat.htm
(861 words)
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| | International Day of Action for Tibet |
| | This action later led to the Democracy Wall movement and was the precursor of the more widely known 1989 Tiananmen Square Democracy Movement. | | | Xu Wenli, re-arrested in the recent crackdown on Chinese dissent, was originally imprisoned in the late seventies through the early nineties for being intimately involved in the Democracy Wall Movement and for publishing "The April 5th Forum" out of his home during this time. | | | In Reebok's words, "she is a symbol of freedom of expression, an extraordinary woman who continues to non-violently advance the cause of humans rights at the cost of her own personal freedom and safety." Phuntsog Nyidron is currently suffering from kidney problems. |
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http://www.rtis.com/reg/bcs/pol/touchstone/april99/tibet.html
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| | Wei Honored. Columbia University Record, February 20, 1998 |
| | Together, the men represent two generations of the post-Mao democracy movement in China—the generation of the Democracy Wall movement of 1978–79, of which Wei was a preeminent figure, and the generation of the Tiananmen Square demonstrations of 1989. | | | The co-recipient was Wang Dan, the foremost student leader of the 1989 pro-democracy movement who remains a political prisoner in China. | | | ei Jingsheng, China& most prominent political exile and a visiting scholar at Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs, has received the 1998 Democracy Award of the National Endowment for Democracy. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/23/15/20.html
(106 words)
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| | Untitled Normal Page |
| | Active in both the Democracy Wall Movement in the 1970s and the Tiananmen Square Movement, Liu Nianchun has inspired thousands with his work. | | | Liu is considered by many activists to be one of the founding leaders of China's modern democracy movement. | | | Liu Nianchun, veteran democracy and labor activist, has been courageous in his struggle for human rights and democracy in China. |
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http://www.jmu.edu/orgs/tibet/liunianchun.html
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| | NACS Conference 2005 |
| | The author argues that seeing the Democracy Wall Movement as a creative continuation of the Cultural Revolution theorising about socialist democracy gives a better starting point in understanding is argumentation than any other proposed approach. | | | The first part is a presentation of my MA-thesis "Democracy cannot overstep the law", which examines why direct township elections have not been implemented on a broader scale in China by looking closer at the administrative structure in Chinese townships. | | | The article also discusses the connection of the Democracy Movement and the Cultural Revolution radical Red Guards' theories of the emergence of a 'new bourgeois class' in China. |
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http://www.helsinki.fi/nacs/finland2005/abstracts.htm
(7056 words)
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| | PS 431 |
| | Was the democracy wall movement a social movement? | | | Goodman argues that the citizens’ rights movement was a movement of groups not of individuals. | | | Is the student movement of 1989 a social movement? |
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http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~parris/430questions.htm
(1511 words)
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Wei's Democracy Wall movement manifesto, "Democracy: The Fifth Modernization," posted on December 5, 1978, is one of the most cogent and uncompromising documents to come out of the movement. | | | The fact that democracy succeeds in defeating all these obstacles shows how dear it is to the people; it is the embodiment of all their hopes, which endows it with the irresistible impetus of a tidal wave. | | | Democracy is not what Lenin says, a mere consequence of a certain stage of development of society. |
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http://www.upf.es/materials/huma/central/historia/xinaXXI/blochist/docums/jingshen.htm
(3401 words)
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| | Democracy Wall Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | After the establishment of democracy in 1990, the square became a rallying point for protesters; but the wall itself was demolished by the city government in August 2005, six months after Gyanendra of Nepal dismissed the elected government and assumed direct power himself. | | | The Democracy Wall was a long brick wall on Chang'an street in the Xidan District of Beijing, which became the focus for democratic dissent. | | | Beginning in December 1978, in line with the Chinese Communist Party's policy of "seeking truth from facts," activists in the democracy movement recorded news and ideas, often in the form of big-character posters (dazibao), during a period known as the Beijing Spring. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Wall_Movement
(294 words)
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| | China: Forgotten prisoners: Appeal on behalf of Cheng Xiaogang, Shi Dongting, Zhao Fengxing and Cai Decheng |
| | DISTR: SC/CO/GR During 1993 three well-known Chinese dissidents, who had been imprisoned in China since the late 1970s and early 1980s for their involvement in the "democracy wall" movement, were released amidst wide publicity. | | | Many wall posters were pasted on a wall in Beijing that became known as the "Democracy Wall" and some unofficial magazines and journals started circulating. | | | Shi Dongting, who is thought to have been the leader of the democracy group, was accused in court of having incited Cheng Xiaogang to set up a periodical entitled "North East China News Report" and of disseminating it in Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places. |
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http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/china/document.do?id=A90013708A22A0A6802569A600604400
(1436 words)
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| | Chinese Democracy in 1989 |
| | Most participants in the Democracy Wall movement in 1978-79 were convinced that Deng wanted democratization and welcomed their suggestions. | | | That the democracy movement's mainstream was not anti-communist does not, however, gainsay the fact that a fundamental conflict existed between the democrats and the regime over the nature of socialist democracy, as well as over the pace of progress toward it. | | | Finally, the democracy movement was made up almost entirely of students and intellectuals, a small minority within Chinese society. |
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http://www.tsquare.tv/themes/Nathan.html
(7967 words)
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| | Chinese Workers - Jackie Sheehan - Microsoft Reader eBook |
| | Jackie Sheehan traces the background and development of workers clashes with the Chinese Communist Party through mass campaigns such as the 1956-7 Hundred Flowers movement, the Cultural Revolution, the April Fifth Movement of 1976, Democracy Wall and the 1989 Democracy Movement. | | | The author provides the most detailed and complete picture of workers protest in China to date and locates their position within the context of Chinese political history. | | | Independent Chinese workers organizations took a leading role in the 1989 Democracy Movement. |
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http://www.ebookmall.com/ebook/69534-ebook.htm
(7967 words)
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| | SIPA News |
| | A leader of the 1979 Democracy Wall movement, Wei became Communist China's most famous political prisoner and a worldwide symbol of its human rights violations. | | | Wei's lecture, "The Struggle for Democracy and Human Rights in China Today," drew a large audience of students, faculty, diplomats, and human rights advocates who listened intently to his views on the political and social structure of China. | | | Wei Jingsheng, perhaps the most renowned dissident to come out of China, delivers the Gabriel Silver Memorial Lecture,"The Struggle for Democracy and Human Rights in China Today." Wei recently joined the School of International and Public Affairs as a Visiting Scholar. |
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http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa/PUBS/SIPA_NEWS/SPRING98/article1.html
(838 words)
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| | Inside China Today; Wei Jing-sheng |
| | The increased attention strained the nerves of many in the Democracy Wall movement, but Wei was insistent that Deng's imminent crackdown be exposed. | | | The Democracy Wall movement was not contained by Beijing. | | | During the twilight of the 1970s, a wall around a bus depot on Beijing's main thoroughfare, Chang'an Boulevard, became the focal point of political dissent. |
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http://fareast.ff.cuni.cz/lectures/WEI/ICTWei.htm
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| | file:///C:/WINDOWS/DESKTOP/laborcamp.txt |
| | Qin was also jailed for his involvement in the Democracy Wall movement. | | | Xu spent more than a decade in jail for his role in the 1978-79 Democracy Wall movement. | | | Dissidents Xu Wenli and Qin Yongmin, two of three founders of a banned opposition party, were transferred to labor camps outside Beijing and in Hubei province,respectively, on Wednesday, the Information Center of Human Rights and Democratic Movement in China said. |
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http://www.mirrorimage.com/freexu/laborcamp.html
(362 words)
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