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| | Introduction to the Einsatzgruppen |
 | | Stelmokas was accused of being an officer in a Lithuanian militia unit cooperating with Einsatzgruppen A. After the challenges to the report by the defense were considered, the Jaeger Report was found to be authentic and reliable both by the trial court and an appellate court which considered an appeal of the case. | | | It was recently used in the denaturalization trial of Jonas Stelmokas in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1995. | | | One of the most important witnesses at the Einsatzgruppen trials was Kurt Lindow who testified on July 21, 1947. |
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http://www.einsatzgruppenarchives.com/documents/introduction.html
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| | The Einsatzgruppen Case Part III |
| | However, these reports were again only a summary of that which the individual detachments reported in writing, orally, or by teletype; added to this were other sources which, in case of measures to be taken by other, independently working units, or in case of cooperation of several units, were supplied. | | | It should be obvious that such insufficiency impairs the evidence value of documents drafted under such conditions to a considerable degree. | | | In cases of doubt it was considered better to use a figure twice, in any case always the higher one. |
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http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/Einsatz2.htm
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| | Mobile Killing Organizations |
| | Another briefing was given by Heydrich at a meeting of the leaders of the Einsatzgruppen and Einsatzkommandos which took place on June 17. | | | At this meeting Heydrich, Chief of the SIP0 and SD, and Streckenbach, chief of the personnel office of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) flatly stated that the task of the Einsatzgruppen would be accomplished by exterminating the opposition to National Socialism. | | | With regard to this important question, contact is to be made with the agricultural expert of the Chief of the Civil Administration. |
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http://www2.dsu.nodak.edu/users/dmeier/Holocaust/mobile.html
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| | Carlo Mattogno, Jürgen Graf: Treblinka: Extermination Camp or Transit Camp? |
| | But there is a still more compelling objection to the claims of mass extermination: the lack of material traces. | | | Since the transport lists are incomplete, the number of the boys and girls transferred from Kaunas and Riga must actually have been significantly larger than the approximately 1,250 documented cases. | | | "According to Ohlendorf, the commanders of the Einsatzgruppen were briefed by Himmler personally. |
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http://www.vho.org/GB/Books/t/8.html
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| | THE EINSATZGRUPPEN |
| | The instructions and directives below must serve also for the purpose of urging chiefs of the Einsatzgruppen to give practical consideration to [the problems involved.] For the time being, the first prerequisite for the final aim is the concentration of the Jews from the countryside into the larger cities. | | | They were initially impounded by a research analyst attached to the Berlin branch of the Office of the Chief of Council for War Crimes. | | | This is for one Einsatzgruppen, in a five month period, in one area. |
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http://www.mtsu.edu/~baustin/einsatz.html
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| | Einsatzgruppen |
| | In addition, proceedings were initiated against somewhat in excess of 100 former Einsatzgruppen members by West German courts. | | | The order concluded by stating that the special units were empowered to carry out "executive measures against the civilian population." | | | It is apparent that the great majority of the Einsatzgruppen perpetrators were neither indicted nor convicted. |
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http://www.deathcamps.org/occupation/einsatzgruppen.html
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| | Einsatzgruppen Trial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Einsatzgruppen Trial (or, officially, The United States of America vs. Otto Ohlendorf, et. | | | The Einsatzgruppen were special units of the SD, the Reichssicherheitsdienst. | | | The twelve U.S. trials are collectively known as the "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT). |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsatzgruppen_Trial
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| | Einsatzgruppen |
| | Within each Unit, there were subdivisions of "Einsatzkommandos" or 'sub-troops' which were given tactical assignments towards the goals of the Unit. | | | Michael Musmanno presided over the trial, an American Judge from the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. | | | Following the headship of Himmler and Heydrich, there were 4 main units of the Einsatzgruppen special forces. |
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http://www.shoaheducation.com/einsatz.html
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| | False News Trial -- 20 Mark Weber |
| | The most revealing trial in the "Einsatzgruppen Case" at Nuremberg was that of S.S. General Otto Ohlendorf, the chief of the S.D. who commanded Einsatzgruppe D in the Ukraine, attached to Field Marshal von Manstein's Eleventh Army. | | | In that particular case, the Einsatzgruppen report figures were exaggerated from 300 persons to 10,000 persons. | | | Ohlendorf testified for the prosecution at the Nuremberg trial that his unit was responsible for the killing of 90,000 Jews in southern Russia during the year that he was the commander. |
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http://www.ihr.org/books/kulaszka/20weber.html
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| | The Einsatzgruppen |
| | For ease of presenting her testimony, I am eliminating questions and comments of the court itself. | | | Established by SD Reinhard Heydrich, the Einsatzgruppen and it's susidiary Einsatzkommandos first appeared in Czechoslovakia some time after May 1939 under the order to "secure" political life and also any useful economic enterprises. | | | Actions were limited and the group was essentially disbanded after a period of time. |
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http://www.datasync.com/~davidg59/einsatz.html
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| | Discussions - The Einsatzgruppen and their Actions (due Tue., Feb. 3) |
| | In the long term it also hurt these men, but it made the Einsatzgruppen seem harsh and brutal savage men, which could not have gone over well in criminal courts for Nazi officers. | | | The Einsatzgruppen had to deal with how their soldiers would deal — what to do with those who refused to follow orders, what to do with the ones visually and morally scared by their actions. | | | The “einsatzgruppen” were so problematic because it was just so brutal. |
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http://www.learntoquestion.com/class/discussion/showthread.php?p=26775
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| | Holocaust Timeline: The Camps |
| | A growing collection of documents related to the Einsatzgruppen is available at this site. | | | The Einsatzgruppen consisted of four units of between 500 and 900 men each which followed the invading German troops into the Soviet Union. | | | Detailed information about the Einsatzgruppen, with primary source material. |
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/camps.htm
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| | Electric Zen: An Einsatzgruppen Electronic Repository |
| | Notably, the Einsatzgruppen included many high-ranking officers, intellectuals and lawyers. | | | Three of the Einsatzgruppen were reinforced by companies from the 9th Police Reserve Battalion. | | | The Einsatzgruppen were attached to the commanders of the rear army groups by June 25, 1941, and had to send forward subunits to join the staff of the Higher SS stationed at the groups' headquarters. |
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http://www.vex.net/~nizkor/hweb/orgs/german/einsatzgruppen/esg/organization.html
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| | THE MASTERS OF DEATH, by Richard Rhodes |
| | But Rhodes fails to make the case that would support that conclusion. | | | That Rhodes was drawn to examine the Einsatzgruppen is hardly surprising. | | | The answer that made the most sense to me personally [is that] these victims herded to their deaths deserved written witness.... |
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http://www.arlindo-correia.com/120802.html
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| | Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center Online - 02044 - EINSATZGRUPPEN.FS |
| | These units were eventually disbanded and efforts were made to conceal their crimes. | | | Responsible for shooting 1.25 million Jews and other Soviet nationals, Einsatzgruppen were usually assisted by local police. | | | Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center Online - 02044 - EINSATZGRUPPEN.FS : Mobile killing units of the Security Service which accompanied the German Army into the Soviet Union. |
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http://motlc.learningcenter.wiesenthal.org/pages/t020/t02044.html
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| | Einsatzgruppen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | At the conclusion of World War II, senior leaders of the Einsatzgruppen were put before United States occupation courts, variably charged with crimes against humanity, war crimes, and membership in the SS (which had been declared a criminal organization), in what became known as the Einsatzgruppen Trial of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials. | | | These Einsatzgruppen were under control of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) (Reich Security Main Office); i.e., under Reinhard Heydrich and his successor Ernst Kaltenbrunner. | | | The original mandate set by Heydrich for the four Einsatzgruppen sent into the Soviet Union as part of Operation Barbarossa was to secure the offices and papers of the Soviet state and Communist Party; liquidate all of the higher cadres of the Soviet state; and to instigate and encourage pogroms against all local Jewish populations. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsatzgruppen
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| | IB Holocaust Project: Einsatzgruppen |
| | This eyewitness testimony is by Rivka Yosselevscka in a war crimes tribunal court. | | | The actions of the Einsatzgruppen were limited here. | | | The Einsatzgruppen and its subsidiary Einsatzkommandos first appeared sometime after May of 1939 in Czechoslovakia. |
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http://cghs.dade.k12.fl.us/ib_holocaust2001/Special_Action_Groups/einsatsgruppen.htm
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| | The Myth of the Six Million -- The Outbreak of the War with Russia |
| | The action of the Einsatzgruppen played a large role in the case presented by Soviet Prosecutor Rudenko at Nuremberg in the major trial and also at the three later trials of SS leaders. | | | Ohlendorf wrote a bitter appeal shortly before his execution in 1951, and he charged that the Western Allies were hypocritical in holding Germany to account by conventional laws of warfare while engaged with a savage Soviet opponent which did not respect those laws. | | | The 1947 indictment of the four Einsatzgruppen, which were organized in May, 1941, on the eve of the German preventive war against the USSR, was prepared with Soviet assistance by the American prosecutor, Telford Taylor. |
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http://www.ihr.org/books/hoggan/12.html
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| | Discussions - Einsatzgruppen (Due Thurs. Mar. 7th) |
| | As others pointed out the einsatzgruppen acted similar to the subject in the electro-shock experiment. | | | One of the short term and long term problems of the actions of the Einsatzgruppen are the emotional instability that was caused by such events. | | | The Einsatzgruppen is problematic because it is costly to the Germans. |
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http://www.learntoquestion.com/class/discussion/showthread.php?t=528
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| | HistoryWiz Books: Masters of Death: The Ss-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust |
| | The advantage is that he does not clutter his text with intentionalist vs. functionalist arguments that could daunt general readers. | | | Rhodes documents the organizing and carrying out of this program and introduces the professional men--economists, architects, lawyers--who were the program’s commanders and officers, as well as the "ordinary men" who did most of the actual killing. | | | Reading this book is an ordeal, but it is a necessary trial if one is to grasp the full scope of the war against the Jews. |
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http://books.historywiz.org/moreinfo/mastersofdeath.htm
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| | Discussions - Post: The Einsatzgruppen and their actions (due Tue., Mar. 4) |
| | I guess you could say that the men did what they were ordered to do, but it was pretty clear that the men who chose not to follow through with the orders were not punished in any way. | | | He knew that what they were doing was wrong, and in the text there are many examples of this. | | | Using the "einsatzgruppen" was problemmatic for the Nazis in the short term because it disillusioned their supporters. |
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http://www.learntoquestion.com/class/discussion/printthread.php?t=898
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| | CODOH / Bradley R. Smith / AnswerMan: Einsatzgruppen |
| | Of course, in that latter case the Einsatzgruppen or their militias were engaging in simple mass murder, however much it was dressed up in the need for rear area security. | | | Greater exactitude is probably achievable but no one has ever tried to reconcile the totals with all other available data. | | | In addition, according to the testimonies and statements at the Einsatzgruppen trial, and subsequent trials, it appears that often a Jewish community would be rounded up and shot because it was believed that they were natural communist sympathizers or potential partisans. |
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http://www.codoh.com/answer/anseinsatz.html
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| | Einsatzgruppen in Latvia |
| | Session No. 29 19 Iyar 5721 (5 May 1961) | | | Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) - Film Footage (select | | | These Mobile Killing Squads were responsible for Rumbula, Babi Yar and scores of other mass murders. |
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http://www.rumbula.org/einsatzgruppen_latvia.htm
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| | Canadian Journal of History: Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust |
| | Yet, the Einsatzgruppen (the plural form) are easily identified. | | | They were the mobile squads of police officials first used in 1938 and 1939 in Czechoslovakia and then Poland to carry out a variety of duties such as confiscating weapons and incriminating documents and generally securing control of areas in the wake of the invading armed forces. | | | Another such expression, Einsatzgruppe (EG), defies meaningful translation - literally: "action group" -and is usually therefore left in the original German. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200308/ai_n9252261
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| | Holocaust Institute for Educators |
| | The Organization of the Einsatzgruppen (from the Nuremburg Trial Records) | | | The Activities of the Einsatzgruppen (from the Nuremburg Trial Records) | | | The Einsatzgruppen -- Mobile Killing Units by Ben Austin |
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http://www.tfn.net/holocaust/einsatzgruppen.html
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| | Amazon.co.uk: Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust: Books |
| | Rhodes leaves out no detail whatsoever in this presentation of the origins of the holocaust which does him credit,a thorough and in-depth account of the complete disregard of human life expressed by both the nazis and the citizens of the eastern european states, especially the baltic states. | | | Little has been written about the "einsatzgruppen" of Nazi Germany and this should be corrected. | | | It attempts to explain how men became able to carry out such mass executions by applying criminological explanations of brutalization and exploring other environmental factors the murderers were subjected to. |
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http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0375708227
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| | Einsatzgruppen Trials |
| | Those imprisoned by the British were released even earlier, in | | | , who had led the prosecution in the Einsatzgruppen trial, wrote in | | | Proceedings were commenced by the West German Central Prosecution Office of Nazi War Criminals against more than 100 former Einsatzgruppen members. |
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http://www.deathcamps.org/occupation/einsatztrial.html
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| | The Holocaust FAQ : Operation Reinhard: A Layman's Guide (1/2) |
| | With the large Saurer special vans this is not possible because although they do not become overloaded their maneuverability is much impaired. | | | This is evident, for instance, from a letter regarding "gassing vans" (used in the Chelmno extermination camp and other locations) sent to SS-Obersturmbannfu"hrer Walter Rauff, 5 June 1942. | | | (Rauff was in charge of the Technical Department of the Reich Security Main Office, and was responsible for developing the mobile gas vans used by the Einsatzgruppen) The letter is quite long, but here is the relevant part: ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2) The vans are normally loaded with 9-10 people per square meter. |
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http://www.front14.com/holocaust-faq.htm
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| | The Einsatzgruppen |
| | The Shoah is the entrance into our collection of documents, testimonies, trial transcripts and photographs documenting the brutal history of the Einsatzgruppen mobile killing units. | | | Their bodies were piled high in mass graves throughout the occupied Soviet territories. |
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http://www.einsatzgruppenarchives.com
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| | New Page |
| | Within two months the Einsatzgruppen, assisted at times by units of the regular German army, were shooting women and children. | | | When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 five Einsatzgruppen (literally ‘action goups’, ‘task forces’) followed the front line troops. | | | Later reserve battalions of German police were brought in to speed the killing. |
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http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/affiliates/hlc/subpages/factsheets/fs6.htm
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| | Jampacked Bible - Pursuing Justice |
| | 3000 Nazi men in four units formed the Einsatzgruppen which operated in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Byelo-Russia and the Ukraine. | | | Clearly these 3000 men would need much assistance from a local force of sympathisers. | | | On direct orders from Himmler, the "Einsatzgruppen" were created by the SS; its task was to follow invading German armies and systematically mop up Jews and Communists. |
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http://www.aj6.org/jpbo/211
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| | einsatzgruppen |
| | The Einsatzgruppen were a group of 3,000, Nazi Party guards that were dipatched inspecial units to newly occupied Soviet territories to kill all Jews onthe spot. | | | Before long, rumors of the killings were heard in | | | Click here to read about the organization of the Einsatzgruppen. |
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http://www.fortunecity.com/campus/history/683/einsatzgruppen.htm
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| | The Einsatzgruppen (from Holocaust) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia |
| | A member of the Einsatzgruppen, the Nazis' special mobile killing units, prepares to shoot a … | | | Entering conquered Soviet territories alongside the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces) were 3,000 men of the Einsatzgruppen (“deployment groups”), special mobile killing units. | | | Alone or with the help of local police, native anti-Semitic populations, and accompanying Axis troops, … |
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http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-215489
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| | Adolf Hitler - Free Encyclopedia |
| | The large number of Jews (3.3 million) who lived in the Soviet Union was clearly a major factor behind his order to invade that country. | | | There remained the question of what to do with the millions of Jews crowded into the ghettoes of the General Government of Poland. | | | And, indeed, mass murder of the Jews began with the Einsatzgruppen who followed the armies into the Soviet Union, conducting mass shootings of Jews throughout the recently occupied territories which have been estimated to have killed approximately 2 million Jews. |
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http://www.wacklepedia.com/a/ad/adolf_hitler.html
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| | Gallery - Einsatzgruppen - Photos |
| | There were four such Einsatzgruppen which carried out the massacres of Jews in the Soviet Union. | | | Part of a report detailing the murder of Jews in the Nazi-occupied Baltic states and White Russia by Einsatzgruppe A, submitted February 1, 1942. | | | Produced by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology, |
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http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/gallery/Einsatz.htm
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| | Glossary |
| | Organized the Einsatzgruppen and led the Wannsee Conference of January 1942, where the coordination of the "final solution" was discussed. | | | He was shot by members of the Czech resistance on May 27, 1942, near Prague, and died several days later. | | | At least one million Jews were killed by Einsatzgruppen. |
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http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/glossary.htm
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| | Einsatzgruppen: The Killing |
| | Behind the advances of the German army during the war were four Einsatzgruppen - special German commando units. | | | Behind the advancing German army came special forces whose sole purpose was to kill all the Jews under their control. | | | Their job was to follow behind the German army, round up all the Jews in the newly conquered towns, and kill them. |
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http://www.aish.com/holocaust/overview/Einsatzgruppen_The_Killing.asp
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| | The "Einsatzgruppen Case": Index Page |
| | Extracts from Operational Situation Report U.S.S.R No.106, 7 October, 1941 (Detailing Einsatzgruppen units activities) | | | Letter from Goering to Heyrich Concerning Solution of Jewish Question, 31 July, 1941 |
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http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/einsatzgruppen_case_index_page.htm
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| | The Einsatzgruppen Table of Contents |
| | Extracts from a Report by Einsatzgruppe a in the Baltic Countries | | | Obliterating the Traces of Bodies of Jews Killed by the Einsatzgruppen | | | Mobile Killing Squad (Einsatzgruppen) Massacres in Eastern Europe [map] |
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http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/einsatztoc.html
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