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Topic: Electoral fraud


  
 Fraud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fraud, in addition to being a criminal act, is also a type of civil law violation known as a tort.
In criminal law, fraud is the crime or offense of deliberately deceiving another in order to damage them — usually, to obtain property or services from him or her unjustly.
In the criminal law of common law jurisdictions it may be called "theft by deception," "larceny by trick," "larceny by fraud and deception" or something similar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud   (702 words)

  
 United States Electoral College - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The electoral process was modified in 1804 with the ratification of the 12th Amendment and again in 1961 with the ratification of the 23rd Amendment.
In many states, the electors are legally free to cast their votes for anyone they choose, although in some states to vote for someone other than their pledged candidate is a misdemeanor, in others a felony, and in a few it is merely illegal without penalty.
While attention is often given to the granting of a disproportionate number of electoral votes to smaller states, often overlooked is another part of the electoral system: most states use a winner-take-all system, in which the candidate with the most votes in that state receives all of the state's electoral votes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College   (6211 words)

  
 Electoral Backgrounder 14: Electoral Fraud and Multiple Voting
Electoral fraud is a term used to refer to a range of offences contained in the Electoral Act, and can be applied to the overall conduct of an election, to the maintenance of the electoral rolls, or to more specific instances of enrolment and voting behaviour.
To bring allegations of electoral fraud before the Court, it is necessary for an elector to file a petition with the High Court Registry (in most capital cities) within 40 days of the return of the writ for the election.
Further, any elector is entitled to petition the Court of Disputed Returns for remedy within 40 days after the return of writ for the election for which he or she was entitled to vote.
http://www.aec.gov.au/_content/how/backgrounders/14   (5275 words)

  
 Power Line: The Issue That Must Be Faced
Al Gore tried to steal the Presidency in 2000, and nearly succeeded, with the aid of a grotesquely partisan 4-3 majority of the Florida Supreme Court, which issued one of the most absurd decisions in the history of litigation, lacking even a fig leaf of legal coherence.
Powerline makes the case for strengthening our laws against electoral fraud.
I'm going to thread a bunch of needles here, because I agree with their conclusion while disagreeing with virtually all their warrants (which essentially boil down to: "It's...
http://powerlineblog.com/archives/009176.php   (1318 words)

  
 Narco News Electoral Fraud Inventory
In Chiapas, PAN and PRD legislators filed legal complaints of election crimes before the Attorney General against municipal governments headed by the PRI for dispensing resources to support the campaign of Labastida.
Alianza Cívica denounced that on May 22nd in Mazatán, Chiapas, the director of the Progresa program, Idalia Victoria, noted the names and voter ID numbers in a PRI notebook of program recipients who promised to vote for Labastida and the PRI gubernatorial candidate Sami David David.
noting use of public resources for "coercion, inducement and vote-buying." The Episcopal Commission of Social Work denounced "grave signs in the electoral process, that although in some aspects might be legal, is illigitimate and immoral for the conditions under which it is developing." Source: Europe Press, June 21, 2000.
http://www.narconews.com/fraudwatch.html   (9593 words)

  
 UK Government aims to tackle electoral fraud 24dash.com - Local Government
* Electoral administrators will have a clear new power to check the signatures on postal vote applications against any other signatures the council holds.
* Postal vote applicants will have to say why, if they want their postal vote to be redirected to an address other than that on the electoral register.
* There will be a new criminal offence of supplying false information or failing to supply information to the electoral registration officer at any time.
http://www.24dash.com/content/news/viewNews.php?navID=2&newsID=3426   (757 words)

  
 Frequently Asked Questions
Governor Jeb Bush also acted with unseemly haste to file the certificate of ascertainment that formally delivers the slate of electors to the federal government.
Bush, no matter what the real outcome of the election or the finding of the court.
It's true that the design of the Palm Beach "butterfly ballot" did not accord with state law.
http://www.failureisimpossible.com/ElectionStudies/FAQ.htm   (8978 words)

  
 THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE: Bulwark Against Fraud (Good Read) [Free Republic]
All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.
Thus the most important single point about our system for choosing presidents is that it must remain primarily in the hands of the states.
That is the electoral college, where each state is represented by its population, so the President is elected on popular basis, but in our federal system it is the popupar vote of each state that counts, not the popular vote of a nation.
http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3a0c8d450dca.htm   (1902 words)

  
 Electoral Fraud.org - Stamping Out Electoral Postal Vote Fraud
Electoral Fraud.org - Copyright 2005 UK Independence Party
Our MEPs will take up your complaint with the electoral commission on your behalf and will if necessary involve the police.
Despite an electoral court in Birmingham condemning the British postal voting system as one which ‘would disgrace a banana republic’, the government has no intention of changing the system ahead of the forthcoming General Election on the 5th May 2005.
http://www.electoralfraud.org   (248 words)

  
 [No title]
And even now, some state Attorney General or some District Attorney may be preparing an indictment for election fraud against an e-vote company executive that could break this conspiracy wide open.
We must tell that party that it must either lead the struggle to restore electoral integrity or step aside.
So what is the response of the allegedly “opposing” party to the issue of election fraud?
http://www.crisispapers.org/essays6p/evidence.htm   (1861 words)

  
 MemeFirst: Electoral Fraud Backlash
Vote fraud in the United States is overwhelmingly the provenance of the Democrat Party.
It's encouraging vote fraud on behalf of Democrats.
But this year, perhaps in response to unjustified Democrat fraud claims that have grown so feeble they've become absurd, Republicans are suddenly very, very interested in ending Democrat vote fraud, once and for all.
http://www.memefirst.com/000756.html   (1103 words)

  
 Election Fraud
From the introduction to their new book: "The most hotly contested evidence comes most importantly from Ohio, whose 20 electoral votes decided the election.
See also Hemmy So: Whistle-Blower or Thief in Diebold Case?,
Can we instead please turn now to the many substantive proposals already being proffered to make things better—including pending legislation?
http://www.crisispapers.org/topics/election-fraud.htm   (14475 words)

  
 BBC NEWS Politics Electoral fraud crackdown planned
Falsely applying for a postal or proxy vote will become a crime under new laws intended to combat electoral fraud, the government is announcing.
The Electoral Administration Bill proposes making an offence of supplying false information, or failing to provide information, to an electoral registration officer.
The Conservatives accused the government of "undermining the integrity" of the electoral system.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4753200.stm   (433 words)

  
 Electoral fraud strikes at the heart of democracy
The legal move by Respect and the People's Justice Party follows widespread accusations of fraud in postal ballots trialled during the European elections.
We have engaged a solicitor who is taking counsel's opinion, and we intend to launch legal action under the Human Rights Act to have postal voting suspended in this country."
Electoral fraud strikes at the heart of democracy, so this is worse than Labour's abolition of the rule of law, their use of detention without trial, their authoritarian plans for identity cards, their "control orders" by which they can put people under house arrest (again, without trial).
http://www.cabalamat.org/weblog/art_540.html   (1041 words)

  
 ☞ research online - Fraud
In the broadest sense, a fraud is a deception made for personal gain, although it has a more specific legal meaning, the exact details varying between jurisdictions.
Provides advice on how to spot a quack and where to file a complaint.
The TDI Fraud Unit is a Law Enforcement agency employing both commissioned...
http://www.research-123.info/fraud   (525 words)

  
 Fraud - Securities Fraud and Investor Protection Resource Center
In addition to the traditional criminal definition of fraud, there are many regulatory laws that have very specific rules that must be
IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a disclaimer and a copyright notice.
Criminal Investigation, the law enforcement arm of the IRS, investigates violations of the tax laws and other financial crimes.
http://fraud.okeysearch.com   (188 words)

  
 Contrary Brin: Ukraine levels of electoral fraud?
I fear sir you are chasing a rather small circle argument.
I wish I were more of a statistician...
We have the vote tallying in critical states in each of the last two elections not just in the hands of a partisan, but a partisan who promises to deliver the state to his chosen side.
http://davidbrin.blogspot.com/2004/12/ukraine-levels-of-electoral-fraud.html   (4233 words)

  
 GREG PALAST / Journalist who investigated the 2000 electoral fraud in the USA.
I spoke with Bob Butterworth, State Attorney General, and I asked him why didn´t he present a lawsuit for this fraud against the state?
Did they give the four million dollars back to the State?
Help support the Palast Investigative Fund and select a premium -- all personally signed by
http://www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=182&row=1   (718 words)

  
 Fraud, aol fraud, e mail fraud
UC secures $2.2 billion settlement with JPMorgan Chase in Enron fraud case (PDF).
Online Daters Sue Matchmaking Web Sites for Fraud -- article related to The Courts and The Internet.
This website is designed to provide you with up-to-date information about the Panel and fraud in the United Kingdom.
http://www.businessfaq.net/fraud.html   (353 words)

  
 Transparency International - TI-Z - Public lectures
It must also be added that in Zimbabwe, electoral fraud is partly a function of a defective legal framework as manifest in the numerous defects contained in the Electoral Act (1990).
The generality of the electorate are not adequately informed about the secrecy of their vote.
The authoritarian nature of the post-colonial Zimbabwean State significantly contributed to the development of a political culture of fear that had been the hallmark of the colonial state, which was also authoritarian.
http://www.kubatana.net/tiz/html/public/000809jm.htm   (645 words)

  
 Brazil - Brazzil Mag - Electoral Fraud Still Rampant in Brazil
The President of the TSE sees the cases that are being examined by the electoral courts as evidence that political and economic abuses persist in the Brazilian electoral process.
According to the law, it is a crime to donate, offer, promise, or give voters any kind of material compensation or personal advantage.
The President of Brazil's Federal Electoral Court (TSE), Minister Sepúlveda Pertence, declared that the process of voter identification and the curtailment of political and economic abuses continue to be the main challenges faced by the Brazilian electoral court system.
http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/282/41   (2215 words)

  
 VENEZUELA: Paper Trails Hold the Key to Preventing Electoral Fraud
In fact, the main demand set forth by those who fear that electronic vote fraud could be committed in the November presidential elections in the United States is printed paper ballots of the kind used in Venezuela.
Among the main targets of the new wave of accusations are Smartmatic, the small firm based in Boca Ratón in the U.S. state of Florida that won the public tender for providing the electronic voting machines used in the referendum.
According to the opposition, as part of its electoral strategy, the Chávez administration spent millions of dollars on contracts with U.S. companies that specialise in public opinion, contacts with transnational oil corporations, and lobbying of the administration of President George W. Bush -- an effort in which Carter himself allegedly took part.
http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=25206   (1116 words)

  
 Global Exchange - Printer Friendly
For this reason, the Electoral law (Código Federal de Instituciones y Procedimintos Electorales, Cofipe) has been changed - its present design was drawn up to reflect the existent risks of fraud.
Cárdenas recognizes the electoral advances that have occurred and agrees with Zebadúa in that the buying and coercion of votes is a fundamental issue of the elections.
This strength is drawn from electoral experience and the use of legal tools such as censuses, voting booths, citizen participation in monitoring these booths, in addition to electoral organization and equitable conditions in terms of competition.
http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/mexico/dem/reforma101699.html.pf   (1263 words)

  
 VHeadline.com - Gustavo Borges: Electoral fraud attempt fails in Caracas
If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
VHeadline.com - Gustavo Borges: Electoral fraud attempt fails in Caracas
http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=22439   (505 words)

  
 MEXICO: Poor Especially Vulnerable to Electoral Fraud
Between 1994 and 2005, almost 600 public officials at the federal, state and municipal levels were charged and sentenced for electoral crimes, while there are almost 1,900 cases still open.
In the 1990s, electoral fraud typically took the form of stealing or altering ballots, but today "the crimes are more subtle" and involve the manipulation of social assistance, deception and threats, according to María de los Ángeles Fromow, the special prosecutor for Electoral Crimes in the Federal Attorney General's office.
Many of these programmes, which are financed with public funds, are administered by state and municipal governments and social organisations.
http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32191   (1066 words)

  
 The Devil's Excrement
I have posted sufficiently on it to justify a separate category where readers can find all of the posts on the subject of whether there was fraud or not and the methods used to test this.
This is interesting because even though electoral results would seem like a natural set to test Benford’s law, nothing guarantees that it works in Venezuela or everywhere.
Chavez’ votes in the same election, as well as the difference between the two numbers at each machine were all found to follow Benford’s law with S<0.014.
http://blogs.salon.com/0001330/categories/rrModels   (9306 words)

  
 House probe sought on missing ballot boxes - INQ7.net
Earlier on Tuesday, Ismael Khan, the Supreme Court's public information chief, said a recount of at least 53 ballot boxes that were delivered to the high tribunal on Monday faces delay because of Legarda's plan to file a manifestation over the other missing ballot boxes.
The High Court, to convene as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET), has to first resolve the manifestation, said Khan.
Legarda's lawyer Sixto Brillantes said they would go back to the House of Representatives to look for the remaining ballot boxes.
http://news.inq7.net/top/index.php?index=1&story_id=51525   (556 words)

  
 The Blogspirator: Electoral Fraud!
Ashcroft to tell U.S. attorneys nationwide that press releases about efforts to preserve voting integrity should simply provide contact information, rather than outline penalties and types of activities vulnerable to fraud.
In a related matter, the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR) has asked Attorney General John Ashcroft to refrain from issuing directives and communications that could deter voters, saying Justice Department policy clearly shows that voter fraud investigations or the threat of them can lead to voter suppression.
Christian Marrone, legal counsel to Pennsylvania Republicans, said some of the new registrations listed vacant lots as addresses, and others went to boarded-up buildings.
http://blogspirator.blogspot.com/2004/10/electoral-fraud.html   (653 words)

  
 Technorati Tag: electoral fraud
CBCP: Disclose Mayuga Report May 11, 2006 at 10:38 pm · Posted by Yvonne Chua Filed under Congress Watch, Charter Change, Comelec Watch, 2004...
A tag is like a subject or category.
Why ‘MataKuching’ Filed under: Electoral Fraud, Media Manipulation, Abuse of Public Office, BN Bag of Dirty Tricks, Misuse of Public Money —...
http://www.technorati.com/tag/electoral+fraud   (406 words)

  
 Santa Cruz Indymedia: Bush Regime Maintains Power Through Electoral Fraud
This work licensed under a Creative Commons license
Suddenly at 6:41 AM CNN turned these polling results on their head with a 50 – 50 split between Kerry and Bush among women and 52 percent of men voting for Bush and only 47 percent voting for Kerry.
Santa Cruz Indymedia: Bush Regime Maintains Power Through Electoral Fraud
http://santacruz.indymedia.org/feature/display/12684/index.php   (208 words)

  
 Electoral fraud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fraud can be used to inflate the votes for the favored candidate or deflate the votes of the opposition.
The Republican Party seized power in the United States from its nominally-democratic government between 2000 and 2006 with the aid of electoral fraud and maintained formal power through rigged elections.
Countries such as France and the United Kingdom count all votes publicly in order to make this method of electoral fraud more difficult.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_fraud   (971 words)

  
 Save Democracy - Votes are being stolen -- Home
The first judicial review attempt was refused by the high court on 6th November 2002 having been applied for on 31st July.
Clearly to judicially review electoral law will require a more targeted approach on individual aspects.
As a result of the legal argument about the current voting fraud a Judicial Review has been raised.
http://www.stolenvotes.org.uk   (467 words)

  
 Voting Irregularities
O’Dell is on record stating that he is “committed to helping Ohio deliver its electoral votes to the President” this year.
Secretary of State Colin Powell said on Wednesday the United States did not accept the results of the disputed presidential election in Ukraine as legitimate and called for immediate action.
Statewide, republicans are 30% of the electorate, yet Bush received 56% of the vote.
http://ideamouth.com/voterfraud.htm   (3496 words)

  
 Sen. Aquilino Q. Pimentel : News : PERPETRATORS OF ELECTORAL FRAUD AGAINST FPJ SHOULD BE CRIMINALLY CHARGED -- PIMENTEL
I filed criminal charges against those who were responsible for the electoral fraud.
Pimentel filed his electoral protest with the Senate Electoral Tribunal in connection with the results of the 1995 senatorial election.
Pimentel said there is still time to file criminal charges against the 2004 election fraud perpetrators since the prescriptive period has not yet lapsed.
http://www.nenepimentel.org/news/20041224_FPJ.asp   (373 words)

  
 Harvard's Hausmann & MIT's Rigobon speak out about Venezuela's electoral fraud www.vcrisis.com
Venezuela: A case study of electoral fraud [PDF]
Harvard's Hausmann & MIT's Rigobon speak out about Venezuela's electoral fraud
Harvard's Hausmann & MIT's Rigobon speak out about Venezuela's electoral fraud
http://www.vcrisis.com/index.php?content=letters/200409061610   (1440 words)

  
 Nicaraguans Worried About Electoral Fraud: Angus Reid Consultants
The independent Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) is in charge of organizing all ballots and referendums in the Central American nation.
The president lost the support of the PLC in January 2002, when his government decided to take legal action against Alemán.
Last year, the former head of state—who governed the country from 1997 to 2002—was sentenced to 20 years in prison for fraud, money laundering and embezzlement.
http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/viewItem/itemID/9071   (290 words)

  
 monuc.org: DRC: 150,199 Cases of Electoral Registration Fraud Uncovered ::: 16/11/2005
A spokesman for the electoral commission, Dieudonne Mirimo, said in April that the extension of the transition was justified because the adoption and promulgation of a post-transition constitution and electoral laws were not in place due to financial, logistic and security problems.
DRC: 150,199 Cases of Electoral Registration Fraud Uncovered
The vote for a nationwide referendum on the new constitutional has been deferred several times and is now set for 18 December.
http://www.monuc.org/news.aspx?newsID=9033   (276 words)

  
 The NarcoSphere Nearly 45 Percent for Evo, but Bolivia Election Smells of Fraud
The National Electoral Court has begun to count and report the results little by little.
If no candidate receives 50 percent plus one of the votes, the newly-elected National Congress, as soon as it convenes in January, must vote between the two top candidates… and there the Bolivian Right could unite and elect the second-most popular (Quiroga), arguing that both have more or less the same level of popular support.
In fact, not voting incurs several different sanctions, including a fine of 150 bolivianos (US$19)… that is, the poor, who live off as little as 20 bolivianos per week for their entire family — they vote, kind readers, more out of obligation (for not having the money to pay the fine) than any other reason.
http://narcosphere.narconews.com/story/2005/12/18/192055/31   (1271 words)

  
 Mozambican Opposition Leader Cries Foul Before Election Ends
The issue of greatest concern to the hundreds of international election observers in Mozambique is whether they will be allowed to witness the final vote tally, which the electoral commission has declined to let them do.
On the second day of Mozambique's general election, opposition presidential candidate Afonso Dhlakama is already accusing the ruling party of fraud.
Dhlakama accused the ruling FRELIMO party of fraud in the last two elections as well, although international observers declared those polls to be fair.
http://www.voanews.com/english/2004-12-02-voa71.cfm   (975 words)

  
 Electoral Fraud Claim Returns To Haunt Florida
Florida is also the largest swing state, any of which could tip the final result.
Most of Florida's electorate will vote electronically, an attempt to avoid "hanging chads" ñ tiny pieces of paper ñ that so famously jammed punchcard machines in 2000.
Rev Jesse Jackson, the civil rights leader, has announced that he will tour the state by bus to help register voters.
http://www.rense.com/general56/electoralfraudclaim.htm   (1176 words)

  
 afrol News - Zimbabwe opposition has "proof of electoral fraud"
The opposition party today released information on how it holds that the "massive electoral fraud by the ruling party" was organised on 31 March.
The MDC however is supported by observers from Zimbabwe's civil society, which also quote massive election fraud.
In at least 30 constituencies, the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) had stuffed ballot boxes with additional votes after the polls closed, the MDC claims to know.
http://www.afrol.com/articles/16078   (719 words)

  
 The Jawa Report: Electoral Vote Fraud
If you look at the latest state by state numbers, Kerry's actually doing well enough that he could drop Florida and Pennsylvania (he's already losing in Ohio) and still win the election based on the other states where he's leading.
But what makes Scott's site so good is that his electoral college vote count predictions are made using a publicly available formula.
Bush's hopes of winning the all-important Electoral College vote.
http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/039772.php   (1292 words)

  
 The Risks Digest Volume 21: Issue 50
It remains to be seen whether those in favour of electoral reform will be able to maintain their momentum and get a better system working before the next time.
Following the question "Does the UK have significantly less electoral fraud than countries which use untraceable ballot papers?" I wrote this, which (although it is a bit late to be a followup to the discussion around last year's USA presidential election) might be interesting.
This means that there has been absolutely no worry about electoral fraud, since it couldn't have made a significant difference to the overall result.
http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/21.50.html   (3338 words)

  
 An Afghan 'hanging chad' dispute csmonitor.com
KABUL, AFGHANISTAN – Afghanistan's first election, shaken by charges of electoral fraud, appeared to be moving closer to resolution as election officials here promised to hold an inquiry.
Karzai's chief rival, Yunis Qanooni, however, has yet to signal full backing for the inquiry process.
At the center of the controversy was the ink used to dye voters' thumbnails, a protection against multiple voting.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1012/p06s01-wosc.html   (1120 words)

  
 Evidence of Electoral Fraud in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election
"Computerized Election Fraud in America: A Brief History." VoteScam (25 October 2003), http://www.votescam.com/abriefhistory.php.
Evidence of Electoral Fraud in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election
Professor Michael Keefer of Guelph University, Ontario, provides an extensive bibliography on the issue of Electoral Fraud.
http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/KEE411B.html   (1619 words)

  
 ELECTION FRAUD in 2004
VOTESCAM: The Stealing of America - Vote and Election Fraud
Lawmakers Launch Historic Protest of Electoral Vote 1/05
Voting and Party Registration for the 2004 Presidential Elections in Florida - ustogether 05.11.04
http://www.betterworldlinks.org/book109h.htm   (1550 words)

  
 Secular Blasphemy
Reformist and moderate (or what passes for that) third-place candidate Mehdi Karroubi is now openly charging fraud from the hardliners.
Martin Crowson, 53, pocketed £17,000 in social security handouts claiming he was unfit to work because of a crippling knee injury.
But fraud inspectors discovered the father-of-one had used the cash to go on exotic family holidays.
http://blogs.salon.com/0001561/2005/06/19.html   (1110 words)

  
 Turkmen protestors in Baghdad denounce ’electoral fraud’
"We want reparation for electoral violations in Turkmen areas," read one banner carried by demonstrators, who rallied just hours before the results of the January 30 vote were due to be announced.
BAGHDAD, Feb 13 (AFP) - 13h35 - Members of Iraq’s Turkmen minority demonstrated in central Baghdad Sunday to protest alleged electoral fraud in the disputed northern oil city of Kirkuk during last month’s historic election.
Hundreds of Turkmen and Arabs held a similar protest in Kirkuk on Friday condemning alleged fraud and calling for a re-run of the election there.
http://www.kurdmedia.com/news.asp?id=6261   (225 words)

  
 Electoral fraud - Stormfront White Nationalist Community
There must be scores of them but it is difficult to gather them all together and following ongoing trials, new information is coming out all the time.
Can we have a sticky for the purpose of recording all the incidents of electoral fraud which have surfaced over the last few years?
http://www.stormfront.org/forum/showthread.php?t=192090   (159 words)

  
 Boing Boing: Video reveals Belarus electoral fraud
A video made by an elections observer in Belarus shows evidence of electoral fraud.
Belarus has been torn apart by riots in the wake of the phony re-election of its strong-man dictator, Alexander Lukashenko, a neo-Stalinist kleptocrat.
http://www.boingboing.net/2006/03/26/video_reveals_belaru.html   (155 words)

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