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| | Terrorism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Those who disagree with these definitions may use the term "state terror" to describe the actions of official groups such as the Gestapo, the KGB and the Stasi of East Germany against dissidents or ethnic minorities among their own citizens. | | | While terrorism refers to both motives and acts of terror by a group or an individual for a political or ideological reason, the act of terror is a crime under the jurisdiction of most countries in the world as well as various United Nations protocols. | | | The United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention has proposed a short legal definition: that an act of terrorism is "the peacetime equivalent of a war crime." [1] A United States court found that "the malice associated with terrorist attacks transcends even that of premeditated murder." [2] |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist
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| | terrorismfiles.org : Definition of terrorism |
| | Terrorism has been used by political organizations with both rightist and leftist objectives, by nationalistic and ethnic groups, by revolutionaries, and by the armies and secret police of governments themselves." | | | • International terrorism involves violent acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or any state. | | | Terrorism is defined in the U.S. by the Code of Federal Regulations as: "..the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." (28 C.F.R. Section 0.85) |
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http://www.terrorismfiles.org/encyclopaedia/terrorism.html
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| | War on Terrorism - Encyclopedia of Political Information |
| | On September 14, when the United States House of Representatives voted on a bill authorizing the President of the United States to use force in the War on Terrorism, there was only one dissenting vote--Representative Barbara Lee of California. | | | The War on Terrorism refers to a number of government initiatives and military actions primarily advanced by the United States to reduce the threat of global terrorism in the wake of al-Qaida's September 11, 2001 attacks. | | | Although the invasion and occupation of Iraq is portrayed by the Bush administration as part of the War on Terrorism, some members of Congress, especially members of the Democratic Party, have suggested that the War on Iraq draws focus away from the War on Terrorism. |
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http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/War_on_Terrorism.htm
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| | Articles - Nationalism |
| | The (significantly named) USA PATRIOT Act, which was signed into law on October 26, 2001, was designed ostensibly to combat terrorism but is considered by many to constitute a harmful assault on civil liberties. | | | Ethnic cleansing is often seen as both a nationalist and racist phenomenon. | | | Nationalism is an ideology which holds that the nation, ethnicity or national identity is a fundamental unit of human social life, and makes certain political claims based on that belief, above all the claim that the nation is the only legitimate basis for the state and that each nation is entitled to its own state. |
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http://www.foreverc.com/articles/Ethnic_nationalism
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| | Nato Acts on Kosovo Terror |
| | As it emerged that 31 people were killed and about 500 injured in gun battles and ethnic attacks in up to 10 towns in Kosovo on Wednesday and early yesterday, Serbs in Belgrade and other towns in Serbia turned out in large numbers to demand counter-attacks against the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo. | | | Ethnic Albanian rioters maintained the terror against the dwindling Serbian minority, forcing the evacuation of Serbian civilians and torching their homes in Obilic, near Pristina, and setting fire to a Serbian church in Mitrovica. | | | Nato rushed 1,000 extra peacekeepers, including 600 British troops, to Kosovo yesterday amid fears that the worst day of ethnic violence between Albanians and Serbs since the 1999 war might lead to an explosion of pogroms and fighting in the region. |
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http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/3-19-2004-51884.asp
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| | 122-1980 |
| | Heiki Shililifa is one of a number accused rounded up in Namibia and charged with contravening the Terrorism Act in that they had given assistance to Namibians to leave the country for the purpose of undergoing training outside Namibia. | | | Ida Jimmy is charged in accordance with the Terrorism Act, No. 83 of 1967. | | | The AG8 Act is promulgated, providing for an ethnic authority for each of the 11 ethnic groups. |
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http://www.klausdierks.com/Chronology/122.htm
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| | State Terrorism and the United States by Frederick H. Gareau |
| | Chalmers Johnson, author of Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire:Frederick Gareaus State Terrorism and the United States is an important, courageous analysis of Americas long involvement in the training of foreign military and police organizations in techniques of torture, assassination, and ethnic cleansing. | | | State Terrorism and the United States by Frederick H. Gareau | | | It rejects the narrow definition of terrorism insisted on by Washington that exempts terrorism committed by governments (state terrorism) from the definition, and for political reasons restricts the term solely to the private terrorism committed by private individuals or non-governmental organizations. |
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http://www.bookmasters.com/clarity/b0023.htm
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| | Karabakh.org Front Page |
| | The obtained materials witnesses about supporting of terrorism on the state level and use for that individuals from prisoners of war and hostages, citizens of third countries and members of national minorities of the Republic of Azerbaijan. | | | The Armenian Terrorism and civil aviation [Read More... | | | Republic of Armenia : Terrorism as a part of state policy [Read More... |
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http://www.karabakh.org
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| | ETHNIC NATIONALISM (II) |
| | The rise of ethnic nationalism and terrorism, therefore, is as much the result of the failures of recognized states as it is the result of claims for national unification (involving boundary changes) or for self determination (made possible only by secession from an existing state or by grants of autonomy within that state). | | | Ethnic nationalism is born, under modern conditions, in such groups. | | | Whether or not nationalism had a "navel," as Smith argues, it surely had a "womb" from which it was born and it created progeny in the form of ethnic nationalisms that now proliferate throughout the world: see Gellner, 1983. |
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http://webdata.soc.hawaii.edu/fredr/7-cip1b.htm
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| | terrorismfiles.org : Definition of terrorism |
| | Terrorism has been used by political organizations with both rightist and leftist objectives, by nationalistic and ethnic groups, by revolutionaries, and by the armies and secret police of governments themselves." | | | • International terrorism involves violent acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any state, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or any state. | | | Terrorism is defined in the U.S. by the Code of Federal Regulations as: "..the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." (28 C.F.R. Section 0.85) |
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http://www.terrorismfiles.org/encyclopaedia/terrorism.html
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| | Re: FLUXLIST: fluxism as anti state terrorism |
| | FACT: the U.S. fully supports Isreal in their policies > of state terrorism, ethnic cleansing, aparthied etc. even to the extent where > the leaders of the palestinian resistance are gun downed with sophisticated U.S > helicopters and other weapons. | | | To refer to Israel's policies (of which you seem to know very little) as "ethnic cleansing," "state terrorism," and "apartheid" (for god's sake!) is reactionary and rabble rousing in the extreme. | | | Re: FLUXLIST: fluxism as anti state terrorism meryl |
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http://www.mail-archive.com/fluxlist@scribble.com/msg07687.html
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| | RAND: Regional Demographics and the War on Terrorism |
| | This work examines several demographic factors--fertility rate, ethnic composition, internal and international migration, level of human capital, interactions between the population and the environment, and urbanization--that may contribute to Islamist extremism in Afghanistan, the southern Philippines, and Georgia. | | | Considering these variables and regions, Brian Nichiporuk finds high fertility and the concentration of ethnic groups in distinct regions may make Afghanistan the most vulnerable of the three to Islamist extremism. | | | RAND: Regional Demographics and the War on Terrorism |
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http://www.rand.org/publications/RP/RP1057
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| | Teaching The Failed State |
| | Historic causes of failure such as colonialism, client state during the Cold War, ethnic divisions reinforced by economic class, and tribal loyalties are examined, as are political situations such as exclusionary or repressive policies which bring about the rise of an independence movement, dictatorship, use of terror by the ruling classes. | | | In all case studies, response by the United States, not necessarily militarily but in terms of trade and foreign policy and economic activity, is discussed where appropriate. | | | One case study is Canada, which focuses on peaceful devolution and the issue of the rise of the economic nation state, as well as the potential irrelevancy of central government when given the increasing independence of regional economic blocs. |
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http://www.ippu.purdue.edu/failed_states/2000/papers/janzen.html
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| | The Official Website of Representative David Duke, PhD |
| | The specter of social unrest, ethnic turmoil and terrorism is inevitable with a change in immigration policy. | | | At this time 12 of the 20 NKVD directorates were headed by ethnic Jews, including those in charge of State Security, Police, Labor Camps, and Resettlement (deportation). | | | Russia, already saddled with terrorism and secession of problems from racial minorities in its borders areas, realizes that opening the gates of immigration to the surrounding regions’ alien populations would be tantamount to suicide for the Russian state and people. |
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http://www.davidduke.com
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| | ISRAEL |
| | In the case of Israel and the Palestinians, however, as Israel naturally does not want foreign observers, let alone a UN military force to protect the Palestinians, the United States defers to Israel (as it did to Indonesia in East Timor) and refuses to support even an observer presence without the ethnic cleanser's acquiesence. | | | The settlements have been made in territory outside of Israel, technically "occupied" by Israel and subject to international law that clearly prohibits dispossession and settlement by the "belligerent occupying power" (the Palestinians are "protected persons" under the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949; violations of that Convention, including dispossession and settlements, are "war crimes"). | | | Israel Shamir also compares the Israeli treatment of the Palestinians in Intifada II unfavorably to the anti-Jewish pogroms in Czarist Russia, where the casualties were much smaller and where, after the pogrom, "all writers and intelligentsia condemned the perpetrators. |
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http://www.zmag.org/meastwatch/israeleth1.htm
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| | ECMI - European Centre for Minority Issues |
| | What makes minority elites opt for guerrilla warfare and terrorism in promoting their demands, what makes central governments turn to violent means in controlling their minorities, to forceful assimilation, or to ethnic cleansing--these will be the questions the conference will deal with. | | | For example, we will build up a databank with bibliographic information on the ethnic structure of Europe, and a full-text databank with information on legal and other solutions to minority issues. | | | In cases like Kosovo, only in that way can the escalation of inter ethnic tension be prevented. |
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http://www.ecmi.de/rubrik/13/opening+celebration
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| | Zionist terrorism: a strategy for State-making and ideological underpinnings |
| | Understanding the roots of the zionists' terror strategy to secure for themselves a state in Palestine entails an examination of the nature and ideological foundations of zionism as a 'settler colonialist' enterprise. | | | Political terror, as the calculated utilization of violence to elicit psychological intimidation in an effort to accomplish strategic and political goals, was a major feature of the zionist movement's modus operandi prior to the establishment of Israel. | | | During this tumultuous period, zionist underground subversive organizations, such as the Haganah, headed by David Ben Gurion, the Irgun Zvei Leumi, headed by Menachem Begin, and the Stern Gang, co-headed by Yitzhak Shamir, engaged in a form of 'ethnic cleansing' to wrest Palestine from its indigenous Arab inhabitants. |
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http://www.muslimedia.com/archives/special-edition/terrorism50/zionterr.htm
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| | Ethnic Cleansing - Editorial |
| | Suddenly he is informing us that Israel is an occupying country, that terrorism is rewarded with an Arab country in the heart of western Israel and that an ethnic cleansing should be carried out against his people. | | | Thus the definition of ethnic cleansing, in its entirety, applies to the action, which Sharon and his government are plotting. | | | Ethnic cleansing of Jews from Judea, Samaria, the Jordan Valley and the Golan Heights, 270,000 people, 80,000 households, a comprehensive industrial and agricultural configuration, will engender an economic crisis, which the state will be unable to bear. |
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http://www.acpr.org.il/ENGLISH-NATIV/Ethnic-Cleansing.htm
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| | Israeli State Terrorism: Matrix of Terror |
| | The solution to the demographic engineering problem is effectively solved by virtue of calling these isolated bantustans a “Palestinian state&; since the members then are not subject to the rights including voting power of the the “ethnically pure” Israeli “democracy”. | | | All of these give an immediate feel to the in physical terms to the “matrix of terror” which has increasingly grown over the 35 years of illegal occupation, and at an accelerating rate in recent years to put a stranglehold of terror, control, exploitation, and liquidation or ethnic cleansing on the Palestinian people. | | | The fraud of Camp David, which Israeli spokespersons and their US lobbyist allies continue, with straight faces, to call “Barak’s generous offer” on American TV and in the print media, was the semantic device of calling the Palestinian areas within the matrix of terror a “Palestinian state&; (the 94% solution). |
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http://www.israel-state-terrorism.org/matrixofterror.html
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| | Kashmir: A Paradise turned into Hell by Terrorism |
| | But with the emergence of Islamic fundamentalism all over the world, this theo-fascist brand of political philosophy accompanied by hatred, intolerance, and terrorism was pushed into and peddled in the peaceful valley by Pakistan. | | | While the expelled refugees as well as our worldwide community have not resorted to any form of violent means to regain our territory, we have never accepted this ethnic cleansing as final. | | | This non-violent war will continue until we win back our homeland and the right to live there without being subject to Islamic hegemony. |
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http://www.kashmir-information.com
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| | Middle East Policy Council Resources - Policy Experts |
| | Ben-Meir teaches courses on international relations, terrorism, the Arab-Israeli conflict, Islam and ethnic conflicts. | | | His Washington assignments included deputy director of the State Department's office of counter terrorism for regional policy and chief of the Near East research division in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research. | | | He has served as president of the Middle East Studies Association of North America and the American Council for the Study of Islamic Societies and as a consultant to the State Dept. He wrote Unholy War: Terror in the name of Islam,The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? |
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http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/resources/policy.asp
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| | The Kashmiri Pandits: An Ethnic Cleansing the World Forgot |
| | January 19, 2003, marked thirteen years since what is generally recognized as the beginning of this process of ethnic cleansing as a result of which the Kashmiri Pandits were hounded out of the Kashmir Valley. | | | Since late 1989, the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir (JandK) has been in the grip of a vicious movement of Islamist extremist terrorism. | | | Ethnic cleansing was evidently a systematic component of the terrorists strategic agenda in JandK, and estimates suggest that, just between February and March 1990, 140,000 to 160,000 Pandits had fled the Kashmir Valley to Jammu, Delhi, or other parts of the country. |
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http://www.hvk.org/articles/0304/92.html
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| | The Head Heeb: June 2003 Archives |
| | However, in addition to arguing against Palestinian terrorism, she issued a slur against Arabs as a group: | | | Many, or even the majority, of these immigrants identified in some respect with the Jewish people, and have become, for all intents and purposes, ethnic Jews. | | | Ironically, Jews were being persecuted, at least in part, for their very refusal to accept such false boundaries. |
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http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/2003_06.html
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| | ISRAEL |
| | Because of these services, Israel's victims are not merely unworthy, they also become "terrorists" and part of the "Islamic threat" for the U.S. political elite and mainstream media. | | | The inability of these U.S. officials to see Israel's hugely discriminatory and brutal expulsions, demolitions, mistreatment and plain exploitation as seriously wrong in themselves, illegal, or causal manifests a complete identification with and apologetic for the ethnic cleansers. | | | As State Department PR man James Rubin explained after another spate of Israeli demolitions of Palestinian houses, this was "a wrong signal" for a delicate stage in peace talks (NYT, June 23, 1998). |
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http://www.zmag.org/meastwatch/israeleth2.htm
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| | Kesher Talk: 03/17/2002 - 03/23/2002 |
| | A computer search of the newspaper's stories containing the word "terrorist" for several recent dates showed a highly consistent pattern: We routinely refer to the attacks of Sept. 11 as acts of terrorism, but withhold that designation from other actions in other places (mainly the Middle East) where some people argue it is warranted. | | | Ethnic Cleansing is the first to actually go on sale, last January, on Martin Luther King Day. | | | "This game is called 'Ethnic Cleansing.' There are African-Americans in shirts reading, 'Big Nig,' and whose deaths are accompanied by the sounds of screeching monkeys. |
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http://www.hfienberg.com/kesher/2002_03_17_kesher_archive.html
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| | FRD -- The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism |
| | These include ethnic conflicts, religious and ideological conflicts, poverty, modernization stresses, political inequities, lack of peaceful communications channels, traditions of violence, the existence of a revolutionary group, governmental weakness and ineptness, erosions of confidence in a regime, and deep divisions within governing elites and leadership groups. | | | Because terrorism is a multicausal phenomenon, it would be simplistic and erroneous to explain an act of terrorism by a single cause, such as the psychological need of the terrorist to perpetrate an act of violence. | | | Although the scholarly literature on the psychology of terrorism is lacking in full-scale, quantitative studies from which to ascertain trends and develop general theories of terrorism, it does appear to focus on several theories. |
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http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/frd.html
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| | Counter-Terrorism |
| | Domestic terrorism continues in many countries and is often the product of political tensions involving some combination of territorial disputes, ethnic or religious conflict, or regime instability. | | | Internal conflicts with ethnic and religious dimensions are commonplace and will continue to produce instability, disruption and terrorism. | | | Terrorism today is complex and fluid, with reduced emphasis on a formalized group structure typical of terrorist insurgents in the past. |
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http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/operat/ct_e.html
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| | Amazon.com: Books: Inside Terrorism |
| | Hoffman moves on to cover Post-colonial ethnic or nationalist terror groups, international terrorism, Religion and terrorism, Terrorism, Media and public opinion, Terrorist methods and mindsets and the potential future of terrorism. | | | The word "terrorism" first became popular during the French Revolution, when the régime de la terreur was initially viewed as a positive political system that used fear to remind citizens of the necessity of virtue. | | | He makes careful distinctions between the motivations that drive political (or ethno-nationalist) terrorism and religious terrorism, and he also shows why the rise of religious terrorism, coupled with the increased availability of weapons of mass destruction, may foretell an era of even greater violence. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0231114699?v=glance
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| | Asia Times: Beijing links separatists to bin Laden |
| | The Chinese government's crackdown on the "East Turkistan" terrorist forces is not directed at any particular ethnic group or any particular religion, but at criminal activities of violence and terrorism, in order to better protect the common interests of the country's various ethnic groups and safeguard normal religious activities. | | | Once again, under the banner of protecting "human rights," "religious freedom" and "the interests of ethnic minorities," they claim that the Chinese government "has taken the opportunity to crack down on ethnic minorities," in an attempt to mislead the public and deceive international opinion, and thus dodge the international crackdown on terrorism. | | | But the "East Turkistan" forces, not to be reconciled to their failure and in defiance of the will of the people of all ethnic groups, have been on the lookout for every opportunity to conduct splittist and sabotage activities with the backing of international anti-China forces. |
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http://www.atimes.com/china/DA23Ad02.html
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| | International Judges and Prosecutors in Kosovo: Special Reports: Publications: U.S. Institute of Peace |
| | Kosovo illustrates that the effective investigation and prosecution of organized crime, terrorism, and inter-ethnic crime may not be within the initial capacity of existing jurists, and that impartial prosecution and adjudication of war crimes may require internationals. | | | A year later, the Kosovo IJP program had evolved into a system of special international-majority trial and appellate panels, which were assigned by UNMIK to all war crimes cases, as well as all significant cases of organized crime and "power vacuum" and "payback" crimes, including terrorism, inter-ethnic violence, political assassinations, and corruption. | | | A series of hunger strikes by ethnic Serb defendants in Kosovo in protest of continued ethnic-Albanian control of the judicial system prompted UNMIK to authorize the appointment of IJP to all five districts of Kosovo and to appoint an international judge to serve on Kosovo's Supreme Court. |
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http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr112.html
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