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| | Federation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | A federation (Latin: foedus, covenant) is a state comprised of a number of partially self-governing regions (often themselves referred to as "states") united by a central ("federal") government. | | | While it is common for a federation to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states, in a unitary state self-governing regions are often created through a process of devolution, where a formerly centralised state agrees to grant autonomy to a region that was previously entirely subordinate. | | | The difference between a federation and this kind of unitary state is that in a unitary state the autonomous status of self-governing regions exists at the sufferance of the central government, and may be unilaterally revoked. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation
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| | Federalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Because of this, federalism is precluded by legalism. | | | This federal arrangement, by which the central national government exercises power over some issues and the state governments exercise power over other issues, is one of the basic characteristics of the U.S. Constitution that checks governmental power. | | | It is also essential to avoid confusion between the constraints set by judicial review, the constitutional power of the courts to overrule Parliament, and federalism itself. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism
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| | federalism - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about federalism |
| | A federation should be distinguished from a confederation, a looser union of states for mutual assistance. | | | When jurisdiction (legal power) is challenged, cases are decided by the US Supreme Court of the judiciary branch, thus creating constitutional law. | | | Each of the 50 states retains rights and privileges that overlap with those of the branches of the federal government. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/federalism
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| | Close Up Foundation Civics Education Federalism |
| | The Federal Government This simple overview from the United States Information Agency describes the federal government's structure and includes links to pages on the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, as well as the state governments. | | | Congress also adopts a law compelling the federal government to pay states for the enforcement of any new federal policies or mandates. | | | The northern states' victory determines that the federal government is not a compact among sovereign states. |
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http://www.closeup.org/federal.htm
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| | Althouse: Terri Schiavo and federalism. |
| | Think of an analogy to the writ of habeas corpus. | | | Over the weekend, with Congress enacting its law designed to put the federal courts in position to override the work of the state courts, much of the commentary turned to the subject of federalism. | | | As John Eastman of the Claremont Institute points out, "We have federal court review of state court judgments all the time in the criminal law context." The bill before Congress essentially treats the Florida judgment as a death sentence, warranting federal habeas review. |
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http://althouse.blogspot.com/2005/03/terri-schiavo-and-federalism.html
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| | Federalism |
| | Federations are often marked by a high level of ’constitutional politics’: Political parties often disagree on constitutional issues regarding the appropriate areas of sub-unit autonomy, the forms of cooperation and how to prevent fragmentation. | | | The federation may promote cooperation, justice or other values among and within sub-units as well as among and within their constituent units, for instance by monitoring, legislating, enforcing or funding agreements, human rights, immunity from interference, or development. | | | Philosophical reflections on federalism during the 20th century has addressed several issues, including reasons for federalism to concerns for stability, the legitimate allocation of authority between sub-unit and center, distributive justice and challenges to received democratic theory. |
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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/federalism
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| | MSN Encarta - Federalism |
| | In the United States, for example, people who live in the state of Ohio must obey the laws made by the Ohio legislature and the Congress of the United States. | | | In the two other cases, the Court ruled that businesses cannot sue states in federal court for patent infringement or false advertising claims that violate federal law. | | | In 1999 the Court issued a series of rulings that further shifted power from the federal government to the states. |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572095/Federalism.html
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| | Legal Momentum -- Issues -- The Project on Federalism |
| | Similarly, private companies that contract with the federal government may be required to do affirmative action in their hiring. | | | In some recent federalism decisions, however, the Court has cut back on Congress' powers, saying Congress may not grant any greater or different civil rights protections than the Court itself has recognized under the Equal Protection Clause. | | | For example, if a state accepts federal highway money it is currently required to impose a minimum drinking age of 21 years. |
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http://www.legalmomentum.org/issues/fed/index.shtml
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| | The New Blue Federalists - The case for liberal federalism. By Richard Thompson Ford |
| | Justices who claimed principled support of federalism when liberal laws were challenged will and should be hard-pressed to abandon their devotion to states' rights when conservative policies are at issue. | | | Workable principles of federalism must reflect the realities of a national market and the need for significant coordination of policy among the several states: Federalist principles should limit congressional authority, but only when interstate effects are minor or the benefits of comprehensiveness small. | | | Many states have civil rights guarantees that are stronger than those under federal law, especially with respect to sexual orientation discrimination, which federal law does not prohibit. |
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http://www.slate.com/id/2111942
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| | CHAPTER TWO |
| | A recent federal control on the activities of state governments is a mandate, a rule that tells states what they must do in order to comply with federal guidelines. | | | The issue was settled with the northern victory in the Civil War that determined once and for all that the federal union is indissoluble and that states cannot declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. | | | Federal guidelines included requirements for public schools to build access ramps and elevators, provide special buses and personnel, and widen hallways, all with no federal money to help schools comply. |
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http://phs.prs.k12.nj.us/~ewood/amergov/USGov5th/chaptertwo.htm
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| | Federalism & Seventeenth Amendment. Repeal it! |
| | Gun regulation should be a federal issue whenever it involves the movement of guns between states, sale of a gun to a non-resident, or when the separate state legislatures see need for a uniform law,. | | | Friends For America-- a non-profit Corp.–was founded by volunteers to bring about a rebirth of freedom by restoring the balance of powers between the state governments and national government, with a mission of educating state legislators of their responsibility to maintain states rights and sovereignty. | | | That New Hampshire and the sovereign people of this state from this day forward shall not be subject to any law, rule, resolution, code, or executive order that exceeds the scope of the several parts of the constitutions of either New Hampshire or of the subordinate United States of America. |
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http://www.liberty-ca.org/seventeenth_amendment.htm
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| | Thomson Nelson - Political Science Resource Centre |
| | The legislative powers of the federal and provincial legislatures have been changed considerably over the years by court decisions interpreting the terms of these documents, and by a multitude of administrative agreements between the different levels of government. | | | Constitution Act, 1985 (Representation) gave the federal Parliament the power to legislate changes to the distribution of seats for the House of Commons without having to amend the Constitution Act, 1867. | | | Because of the large amounts involved in transfers to the provinces, the federal government unilaterally imposed cuts in the growth of these transfers. |
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http://polisci.nelson.com/federalism.html
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| | Federalism by Walter Block by Walter Block and Stephan Kinsella |
| | Likewise with the federal government: the end nullifying New York’s rent control laws, etc, is good, but the means chosen, loosening the restrictions on a monster, is clearly unlibertarian. | | | The Constitution, illicit as it is, as written would not permit it to force one of the states to drop its rent controls (for example). | | | Would it be compatible with libertarianism for California to forcibly prevent the US government from imposing a draft on California citizens? |
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http://www.lewrockwell.com/block/block48.html
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| | federalism on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Federalism, federative systems, and federations: the United States, Canada and India. | | | Rethinking federalism: changing power relations between the center and the states. | | | The Governing Council members have to agree on several thorny issues such as the role of Islam and federalism before issuing the law. |
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http://encyclopedia.infonautics.com/html/X/X-federlsm.asp
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| | ThisNation.com--Federalism |
| | The Framers of the Constitution created a federal system with a national government strong enough to unify the states in their pursuit of common goals without completely robbing the states of their independence. | | | The states had become very jealous of their independence and autonomy and many people were suspicious of the new Constitutional arrangement that would require the states to give up power to the national government. | | | Think About It In what ways does federalism promote the protection of individual rights and liberties in the United States? |
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http://www.thisnation.com/federalism.html
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| | Federalism8-99 |
| | What did the president mean by the ambiguous phrase, "not adequately protected?" Actually, Clinton’s revised executive order on federalism leaves out this open-ended permission for the federal government to impose its standards and unwelcome "protection" on sovereign States and their citizens. | | | Agencies shall not submit to the Congress legislation that would: (c) preempt State law, unless preemption is consistent with the fundamental federalism principles set forth in section 2, and unless a clearly legitimate national purpose, consistent with the federalism policymaking criteria set forth in section 3, cannot otherwise be met. | | | "With respect to Federal statutes and regulations administered by the States, the national government shall grant the States the maximum administrative discretion possible. |
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http://www.crossroad.to/text/articles/Federalism8-99.html
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| | www.AndrewSullivan.com - Latest Posts |
| | The whole point of federalism is that different states can have different public policies on matters of burning controversy - and that this is okay. | | | The constitution of the United States was devised not as a means to avoid social and cultural polarization, but to manage it without splitting the country apart. | | | If a state wanted to enact marriage rights for gay couples - by initiative, court decision or legislative vote - the president's Federal Marriage Amendment would forbid it. |
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http://www.andrewsullivan.com/main_article.php?artnum=20041202
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| | the lexfiles: Misunderestimations |
| | If the Democrats become the party of States Rights and a weakened Federal Government, then maybe then they'll be able to enact their nitch social institutions on a state level and eventually unite and secede from the Union. | | | Now that the Center-Right control two branches of the federal government and are closing in on the judiciary, those who believe in liberal values more than ever need to work from a state's rights perspective in order to maintain civil liberties. | | | If liberals are to have any influence on the national agenda, it will have to be by strengthening civil rights from a bottom up approach (state to federal - what's happening now with gay marriage) rather than a top down (federal to state, as in the 1960's civil right's movement). |
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http://www.lexgibson.net/thelexfiles/2004/11/misunderestimat.html
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| | The Federalism Project |
| | The AEI Federalism Project conducts and sponsors original research on American federalism, with particular emphasis on federal and state business regulation, legal developments and the role of the courts, and the prospects for rehabilitating a constitutional federalism that puts states in competition for productive citizens and businesses. | | | Through its AG Watch, the Federalism Project monitors and comments on the increasingly active role of state attorneys general. | | | Competitive Federalism International The Courts Regulation Attorneys General |
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http://www.federalismproject.org
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| | Symposium- The New Federalism |
| | Federalism creates competition amoung the states to provide good public policy. | | | For the first time in decades, the United States is undergoing a serious debate about federalism. | | | Conference volume - The New Federalism: Can the States Be Trusted? |
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http://www-hoover.stanford.edu/research/conferences/11097.html
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| | AEI - Short Publications |
| | Adopt Judge Richard Posner’s proposal to abolish the states’ parens patriae authority to enforce federal antitrust law. | | | Overturn the 1998 “Master Settlement Agreement,” through which attorneys general, trial lawyers, and tobacco firms imposed a $240 billion national excise tax and which has since become a template for multistate prosecutions and settlements. | | | Enact a Federal Compact Clause Enforcement Act, providing that multistate settlements shall require congressional approval (as the Compact Clause of Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution provides). |
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http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.22565,filter.all/pub_detail.asp
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| | cric.ca - Canada's Portal - Quick Guide |
| | The constitution of a federation must be written to provide certainty, with a court of law to interpret it in cases of conflict or difference. | | | While the United States, which adopted a federal constitution in 1787, is often regarded as the first modern federation, the history of federalism is much older. | | | Counsel for Canadian Federalism: Aboriginal Governments and the Council of the Federation. |
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http://www.cric.ca/en_html/guide/federalism/federalism.html
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| | Now, the Bushies Blame Federalism! - Plus--Judy Miller, looking for an out? By Mickey Kaus |
| | The Curse of Federalism, Part II: Bloggers Faces of G and Brad DeLong, as well as Instapundit, wrestle with the obvious issue any relief effort would face--even in a streamlined federal system with no gratuitous interemediate state level of authority interposed between cities and Washington. | | | It's "administration, Pentagon and Justice Department officials." What the Bushies themselves are fingering as the cause of the Katrina debacle is precisely the machinery of 'states rights' that so entrances conservatives (and that was revived dramatically by the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist). | | | A senior administration official said that Bush has clear legal authority to federalize National Guard units to quell civil disturbances under the Insurrection Act and will continue to try to unify the chains of command that are split among the president, the Louisiana governor and the New Orleans mayor. |
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http://www.slate.com/id/2125735
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| | CNN.com - Federalism - Oct 16, 2005 |
| | Students should be able to evaluate, take, and defend positions on issues regarding the distribution of powers and responsibilities within the federal system. | | | (CNN Student News) -- One of the issues that has affected agreement on a new Iraqi constitution has been federalism. | | | Have students share their findings and agree upon one definition for each term. |
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http://cnn.com/rssclick/2005/EDUCATION/08/18/activity.federalism?...
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| | Ben's Guide (3-5): National versus State Government -- Federalism |
| | Since the signing of the Constitution, the division of power in the United States has been based on sharing power between the national government and individual state governments. | | | Ben's Guide (3-5): National versus State Government -- Federalism |
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http://bensguide.gpo.gov/3-5/government/federalism.html
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| | Forum of Federations- Federalism |
| | Dialogues on Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Governance in Federal Countries, the third booklet in the Global Dialogue on Federalism series, edited by Raoul Blindenbacher and Abigail Ostien, will be released at events in Costa do Suípe, Brazil in December, 2005, and is available from the publisher beginning in January 2006. | | | The States and Moods of Federalism: Governance, Identity and Methodology | | | The special issue of Federations magazine, "Federalism and the politics of change", is now available in English and in Arabic. |
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http://www.forumoffederations.org
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| | USIS -- Issues of Democracy -- April 1997 |
| | They made the national structure supreme and assigned it certain specific functions, such as defense, currency regulation and foreign relations; yet they wisely recognized the need for levels of government more directly in contact with the people, and so they left many other responsibilities in the hands of state and local jurisdictions. | | | The federal government is of course the largest, but the governments of the 50 states and thousands of smaller units -- counties, cities, towns and villages -- are no less important. | | | In this issue, we examine today's new alignments and balances between the federal, state and local governments from a variety of perspectives. |
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http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/0497/ijde/ijde0497.htm
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| | Federalism in Uganda |
| | Please register your support for Federalism in Uganda today! | | | Our objective is to be the premium web channel for online content on federalism, including value-added qualitative and quantitative research, objective comparative data, news, analysis, commentary and more on the ongoing debates on federalism in Uganda. | | | Our mission is to encourage the development of an active and informed citizenry on federalism as a genuine solution to Uganda's past woes. |
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http://www.federo.com
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| | Townhall.com :: Columns :: Jesusland for thee, but not for me by Jonah Goldberg - Dec 1, 2004 |
| | All of a sudden, liberals have discovered federalism and states' rights. | | | The problem with the last half-century of public policy is that liberals have abused the moral stature of the civil rights struggle to use the federal government to impose their worldview - not just on racial issues but on any old issue they pleased. | | | As conservatives have known for decades, federalism is the defense against an offensive federal government. |
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http://www.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/jg20041201.shtml
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| | Technorati Tag: federalism |
| | A tag is like a subject or category. | | | A respect for the rights and powers of states, a long-standing strongpoint of the conservative movement, is being abandoned to make our food less... | | | Federalism Book Shop for Federalism Book from 600+ merchants with one cart. |
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http://technorati.com/tag/federalism
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| | Home |
| | The Institute of Federalism is a nationally and internationally recognised centre of interdisciplinary academic expertise. | | | "Comparative Federalism: lessons and limitation", March 7, 2006, at the Institute of Federalism | | | Thomas Fleiner on Federalism in Liberté (11.2.06) here |
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http://www.federalism.ch
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| | American Council on Intergovernmental Relations: Federalism Links |
| | Washington State Library: a federalism reading list -- http://www.statelib.wa.gov/refdesk/today/ti_fed.htm | | | Canadian federalism -- the Canadian Federalism page -- http://www.federalism.com/ | | | The National Governor's Association (NGA) Federalism page http://www.nga.org/106Congress/Federalism.asp |
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http://www.library.unt.edu/amcouncil/federalism.html
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| | Federal Links |
| | Provides a wide variety of links to research organizations and think tanks that have publications on federalism. | | | Hottlinks page has links to associations, local governments, and other sites of interest (includes many sites about Ontario) | | | Intergovernmental online Information Kiosk offers a single window on federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal government online services in Canada |
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http://www.temple.edu/federalism/fedlinks.html
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