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| | Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Since 2002, the International Criminal Court can exercise its jurisdiction if national courts are unwilling or unable to investigate or prosecute genocide, thus being a "court of last resort," leaving the primary responsibility to exercise jurisdiction over alleged criminals to individual states. | | | This was achieved in 1948, with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. | | | Only in the 1990s did the international law on the crime of genocide begin to be enforced. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide
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| | Genocide |
| | , genocide can be decided by legal principles or by a court of justice. | | | The convention declares that there is no immunity from being prosecuted for committing genocide: those found guilty of genocide will be punished for their crime, regardless of whether they are or were legally constituted ruler, public officials, or private individuals. | | | It defines what genocide is, and condemns this crime whether it's committed in peacetime or wartime. |
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http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/treaties/genocide.asp
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| | The international legal definition of genocide - Prevent Genocide International |
| | The international legal definition of the crime of genocide is found in Articles II and III of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. | | | Prosecution of genocide in domestic courts is becoming more frequent. | | | Over 70 nations have made provisions for the punishment of genocide in domestic criminal law, sometimes modifying the legal definition. |
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http://www.preventgenocide.org/genocide/officialtext.htm
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| | Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide? |
| | Since genocide is now a technical term in international criminal law, the definition established by the convention has assumed prima-facie authority, and it is with this definition that we should begin in assessing the applicability of the concept of genocide to the events we have been considering. | | | To some, however, this is enough in itself to warrant the term genocide. | | | Guilt is personal, and for good reason the Genocide Convention provides that only "persons" can be charged with the crime, probably even ruling out legal proceedings against governments. |
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http://hnn.us/articles/7302.html
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| | Genocide:Meaning and Definition |
| | Genocide is foremost an international crime for which individuals, no matter how high in authority, may be indicted, tried, and punished by the International Criminal Court (ICC). | | | Another limitation on jurisdiction is that the trial by domestic courts for genocide takes precedence if carried out in good faith (the domestic criminal law of over 70 states, with some modifications of the definition, make genocide a domestic crime). | | | Genocide as a sociological concept: a) the legal definition; b) the common definition; c) the general definition. |
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http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/GENOCIDE.ENCY.HTM
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| | Genocide: Defintions and Contoversies |
| | Although Article IX allows for disputes between parties to be adjudicated by the International Court of Justice, because accusations of genocide are invariable made by one state against another, this has never occurred. | | | Thus, the imposition of restrictions during the nineteen-sixties and seventies on reproduction in India, through forced sterilization in many instances, or the continuing restrictions in China, do not constitute genocidal policies as the intent is to restrict the size of groups, not to destroy existing groups in whole or in part. | | | First, like any other legal instrument, it was the outcome of negotiations between parties that held conflicting views as to the proper scope of its constituent parts. |
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http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/gendef.htm
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| | Genocide by Jean-Paul Sartre Archives - Peace - Hippyland |
| | One proof of this is that the United States government refused to ratify the Genocide Convention. | | | But the 1948 Convention leaves no such loopholes: an act of genocide, especially if it is carried out over a period of several years, is no less genocide for being blackmail. | | | The genocidal intent is implicit in the facts. |
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http://www.hippy.com/php/article.php?sid=90
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| | Frontline: The Crime of Genocide |
| | In the same way as in a case of homicide the natural right of the individual to exist is implied, so in the case of genocide as a crime, the principle that any national, racial or religious group has a natural right to exist is clearly evident. | | | Lemkin's efforts and his single-minded perseverance brought about the Convention for the Prevention and the Punishment of the Crime of Genocide which was voted into existence by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in 1948. | | | After stating in Article 1 that genocide is a crime under international law, the Convention laid down the following definition: |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/reports/dsetexhe.html
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| | The Unknown Genocide |
| | But, as we can see today with the issue of the Kurds, the Turkish state is envisaged as a uni-cultural state, a state with a single culture, a single language. | | | This year, the New York Times issued guidelines to its journalists stating that the facts of the Armenian Genocide are well-established and that references to it "should not be qualified with phrasing like 'what Armenians call,' etc." -- reversing a long-standing policy of using qualifiers. | | | The E.U. has not made the acknowledgement of the Armenian Genocide a requirement for Turkey's entry, but it has urged Turkey to re-examine its past in keeping with the E.U.'s commitment to the protection of minority rights. |
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http://www.motherjones.com/news/dailymojo/2004/04/04_534.html
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| | Genocide (washingtonpost.com) |
| | During the Rwandan genocide in 1994, the Clinton administration initially shrank from using the word lest it compel a risky intervention. | | | In an act without precedent since the U.N. Genocide Convention was adopted in 1948, a government accused a sitting counterpart of genocide -- a genocide, moreover, that even now is continuing. | | | And yet the accused government may not pay a price for committing this worst of all humanitarian crimes, because there is a limit to how much powerful nations care. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14685-2004Sep11.html
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| | genocide on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The United Nations, by a convention concluded in 1949, defined in detail the crime of genocide and provided for its punishment by competent national courts of the state on whose territory the crime was committed, or by international tribunal. | | | Charging that the convention violated national sovereignty, especially in its provision for an international tribunal and in the potential liability of an individual citizen, the United States did not ratify it until 37 years later, in 1986. | | | The United Nations, peacebuilding, and the genocide in Rwanda. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/g1/genocide.asp
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| | CNN.com - Powell calls Sudan killings genocide - Sep 9, 2004 |
| | "Sudan is a contracting party to the Genocide Convention and is obliged under the convention to prevent and punish acts of genocide," Powell said. | | | Powell described the three criteria used to identify genocide under the Genocide Convention: | | | Such acts are carried out "with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, [the group] as such." |
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http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/africa/09/09/sudan.powell
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| | Darfur: A Genocide We can Stop |
| | It empowers you to take smart, strategic actions to compel those in power to act through international petitions or local events. | | | Support our Darfur Advocacy Fund and help the people of Darfur win the peace and justice they demand. | | | You can also give online to our Advocacy Fund. |
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http://www.darfurgenocide.org
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| | ISAR - Encyclopedia of Genocide |
| | Detailed coverage is provided of many of the known and documented instances of genocide. | | | There are also a considerable number of source documents including such items as Himmler’s speech to SS officers in Poznan in 1943 and the Protocol of the infamous Wannsee Conference. | | | Developments in law to prosecute perpetrators of genocide |
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http://www.ferris.edu/isar/arcade/genopedia/homepage.htm
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| | GENOCIDE |
| | From the United Nations Convention on Genocide, 1948 | | | Many countries signed the Convention, some of whom have since been party to genocide. | | | Genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law. |
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http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_genocide_intro.html
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| | FACT SHEET: ARMENIAN GENOCIDE |
| | The United States, neutral towards the Ottoman Empire, also condemned the Armenian Genocide and was the chief spokesman in behalf of the Armenians. | | | The European Parliament voted to recognize the Armenian Genocide on June 18, 1987. | | | The Turkish court concluded that the leaders of the Young Turk government were guilty of murder. |
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http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/genocide.html
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| | Armenian Genocide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Turkish authorities hold the position that historical conciliation would help political conciliation between the Turkish authorities and Armenia, even if there are other issues between the states. | | | Many newspapers for a long time would not use the word genocide without disclaimers such as "alleged" and many continue to do so. | | | The Forced Deportations by themselves can not be classified as acts of genocide of the state. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide
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| | Human Rights |
| | The United States is a country built upon genocide. | | | Is the U.S. Really a Signatory to the U.N. Convention on Genocide? | | | Paul Grubach: Update on "Thought Criminal" Germar Rudolf |
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http://www.serendipity.li/hr.html
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| | BBC NEWS World Africa Powell declares genocide in Sudan |
| | UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to assess whether acts of genocide have been carried out and identify the perpetrators. | | | The BBC's state department correspondent Jill McGivering says the use of the word genocide does not legally oblige the US to act, but it does increase the moral and political pressure. | | | The US House of Representatives had already declared the violence genocide, but the state department has until now argued that the word is a legal definition and that the data had not been available. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3641820.stm
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| | Prevent Genocide International |
| | Bolivia is the 137th Party to the Genocide Convention ; | | | - the 60th Anniversary of the publication of the Nuremberg Indictment, the first public document to use the new word 'genocide'. | | | Genocide in the domestic criminal law of 80 nations |
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http://www.preventgenocide.org
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| | The US and the Genocide in Rwanda 1994 |
| | The documents include those cited in the new investigative account, “Bystanders to Genocide: Why the United States Let the Rwandan Tragedy Happen”, by Samantha Power, in the September 2001 issue of The Atlantic Monthly. | | | Secretary of State Warren Christopher did not authorize officials to use the term “genocide” until May 21, and even then, US officials waited another three weeks before using the term in public; | | | The documents demonstrate what US officials knew about the genocide, what options were considered, and how and why they chose to avoid intervening in the slaughter. |
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http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB53/press.html
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| | Research about the Armenian Genocide |
| | Study the United Nations documents that have defined international norms on the prevention of genocide and the protection of human rights. | | | Examine documents from the U.S. and British archives relating to the genocide. | | | Access in a single location statements on the Armenian Genocide made by prominent public figures of the 20th century. |
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http://www.armenian-genocide.org/research.html
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| | Gendercide Watch: Genocide in Bangladesh, 1971 |
| | A cabal of five Pakistani generals orchestrated the events: President Yahya Khan, General Tikka Khan, chief of staff General Pirzada, security chief General Umar Khan, and intelligence chief General Akbar Khan. | | | The genocide and gendercidal atrocities were also perpetrated by lower-ranking officers and ordinary soldiers. | | | None of the generals involved in the genocide has ever been brought to trial, and all remain at large in Pakistan and other countries. |
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http://www.gendercide.org/case_bangladesh.html
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| | Armenian National Institute |
| | Photo collections, a detailed chronology, sample archival documents, international conventions, a survey of press coverage, and a guide to bibliographies are offered. | | | Survey official statements, resolutions, proclamations, and reports affirming the genocide. | | | Featured are a resource guide, a reference section, sample curricula, information on video documentaries, a suggested reading list, and a genocide FAQ. |
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http://www.armenian-genocide.org
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| | Genocide1915.info - The Armenian Genocide Recognition Struggle! |
| | Any duplication, distribution or any use of any material for commercial purposes is prohibited without written consent from the party which owns the content. | | | The fact that they did not accomplish their evil objective is that Armenia still exists today! | | | Tell all your friends about our website and let them join us in our fight for justice Click Here. |
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http://www.genocide1915.info
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| | Gendercide Watch: Rwanda |
| | These forced "marriages," as this form of sexual slavery is often called in Rwanda, lasted for anywhere from a few days to the duration of the genocide, and in some cases longer. | | | Rwanda may in fact stand as the paradigmatic example of "genocidal rape," owing to the fact that many of the Tutsi women who were gang-raped have subsequently tested positive for the HIV virus. | | | Controversy has raged since 1994 over the role of foreign governments and the United Nations in allowing the genocide to proceed. |
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http://www.gendercide.org/case_rwanda.html
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| | Early Warning |
| | Threats of genocide were added to that task by the C.I.A. in 1994 in its “State Failure Task Force,” which included analysis of the factors that predispose states to genocide. | | | in 1992 – 1995 were alarming evidence of the failure of the United Nations Security Council and its members to prevent genocides and other crimes against humanity. | | | If genocidal plans are not being made by the government itself, it should be called upon to intervene to protect its citizens. |
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http://www.genocidewatch.org/EarlyWarningbyGregoryStanton.htm
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| | Technorati Tag: genocide |
| | A tag is like a subject or category. | | | Genocide In Darfur Is Prolem For All Nations | | | Growing up in Detroit I heard numerous times about the travesty of slavery. |
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http://www.technorati.com/tag/genocide
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| | Young Turks and the Armenian Genocide |
| | Lastly, the CUP entrusted local command of the genocidal process to the provincial valis, or governors-general, who were made responsible for the execution of Talaat's and Enver's orders. | | | By expropriating the movable and immovable wealth of the Armenians, the CUP also looked upon its policy of genocide as a means for enriching its coffers and rewarding its cohorts. | | | He was the mastermind of the Armenian Genocide and coordinated the various agencies of the Ottoman government required for the deportation, expropriation, and extermination of the Armenians. |
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http://www.armenian-genocide.org/encyclopedia/young_turks.htm
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| | Armenian Genocide - Armeniapedia.org |
| | A class action suit against New York Life insurance company by genocide survivors was filed in 1999. | | | The Kars and Ardahan provinces of Armenia were taken as well in an agreement with the Soviet Union. | | | Settlement for descendents of genocide - New York Life Settlement, Axa Insurance Settlement, Deutsche Bank Settlement |
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http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Armenian_Genocide
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| | The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century |
| | Genocide as defined by the United Nations in 1948 means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, including: | | | The term 'Genocide' was coined by a jurist named Raphael Lemkin in 1944 by combining the Greek word 'genos' (race) with the Latin word 'cide' (killing). | | | Terms of use: Private home/school non-commercial, non-Internet re-usage only is allowed of any text, graphics, photos, audio clips, other electronic files or materials from The History Place. |
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http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide
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| | The Genocide Education Project |
| | L.A. City Attorney Teams Up With The Genocide Education Project | | | The Genocide Education Project is a nonprofit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization. | | | In this way, the ambassadors act as a local liaisons between The Genocide Education Project and their local schools. |
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http://www.genocideeducation.org
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| | Freedom, Democide, War: Home Page |
| | It should be the first stop for those who wish to study or survey this site's documents. | | | Free people have virtually no government genocide and mass murder, and for good theoretical reasons. | | | It is the keystone of the ideas and findings here regarding national poverty, famine, genocide and mass murder, and war. |
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http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/welcome.html
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| | The Island of Genocide |
| | Genocide is different from almost all other MUDs in that there are no monsters to fight, only other players. | | | The game is connected to via the telnet remote-terminal protocol; telnet client programs are available for most any Internet-capable system (go here for more information). | | | Genocide is a text-based multiuser war game (MUD) which has been online since January 1992. |
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http://www.geno.org
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| | Armenian Genocide Resources for Teachers |
| | "Human Rights and Genocide: A Case Study of the First Modern Genocide of the 20th Century" | | | Despite mild differences to the definition used by scholars, the Armenian Case is genocide whether one uses the U.N. definition or a broader definition like Charney's. | | | This website is designed specifically for school teachers, providing resources for teaching about the Armenian Genocide. |
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http://www.teachgenocide.org
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| | The worst genocides of the 20th Century |
| | R.J. Rummel: Death by Government - Genocide and Mass Murder (1994) | | | The fact that a more or less efficient weapon is used to fight a war does not constitute genocide, per se. | | | See also Wars and Casualties of the 20th Century. |
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http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/dictat.html
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| | Zoryan Institute |
| | To be able to define and predict the conditions by which genocide occurs. | | | "The nearest successful example [of collective denial] in the modern era is the 80 years of official denial by successive Turkish governments of the 1915-17 genocide against the Armenians in which 1.5 million people lost their lives. | | | Unless we speak today of the Armenian genocide and unless the Government recognises this historical fact, we shall leave this century of unprecedented genocides with this blot on our consciences." |
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http://www.zoryaninstitute.org/Table_Of_Contents/main_genocide.htm
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| | Welcome to the Hellenic Genocide |
| | The Genocide Petition and the Genocide Recognition project is a grass-roots effort organized by the Hellenic Electronic Center and the Genocide Action Committee. | | | Archbishop Christodoulos Blesses the Hellenic Genocide Petition Effort | | | The Miracle, a true story by Leonidas Koumakis (Available in Greek & English) |
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http://www.greece.org/genocide
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| | Virtual Bangladesh : History : Genocide 1971 |
| | Bangla Nuremberg: 1971 War Archives - A collection of articles focused on war criminals. | | | Cry for Justice - A documentary film telling the untold stories of from the survivors of the 1971 Genocide in Bangladesh. | | | Pakistani-Islam's Global Ploy and Suppression of Bengali Genocide... |
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http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/history/genocide.html
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| | Holocaust/Genocide Project (HGP) of iEARN |
| | In addition to providing an overview of the project, and other content, this site offers electronic issues of the student-produced magazine, An End to Intolerance. | | | Note: Although iEARN no longer offers the Holocaust/Genocide Project, this archival Web site is a resource for educators and students interested in studying the Holocaust, genocides, and related current events. | | | The Holocaust/Genocide Project (HGP) is an international, nonprofit, telecommunications project focusing on study of the Holocaust, genocides, and current events. |
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http://www.iearn.org/hgp
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| | Before the Silence |
| | The Armenian[1] and Greek Genocides were widely reported in the world press at the time, and the public outcry in the U.S. led to a major relief effort. | | | News accounts from Turkey, 1915-1923: A Case Study" in The Armenian Genocide in Perspective, ed. | | | [1] For examples of periodical coverage of the Armenian Genocide, see: |
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http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/bts
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| | Current World Affairs - CWA » Blog Archive » Genocide encyclopedia |
| | The encyclopedia aims to create a regularly updated electronic database focusing on massacres and genocides of the 20th century.Currently, there is no tool available that documents and classifies our knowledge by continent, country and historical period. | | | The Encyclopedia’s first objective is to fill this gap by offering reliable historical description and interdisciplinary analysis of both well-documented and less well-known 20th century massacres. | | | Jacques Semelin, Research director at the Center for International Studies and Research with the support of Sciences-Po Paris and the national Center for Scientific research (CNRS France). |
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http://www.currentworldaffairs.com/?p=103
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| | H-Genocide Discussion Network |
| | Number of people murdered at Auschwitz (van den Berghe) Gie van den Berghe | | | Discussion topics include the history, analysis, and theory of genocide, all genocides. | | | QUANTIFYING GENOCIDE IN DARFUR: April 28, 2006 (Part 1) (Reeves) Eric Reeves |
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http://www.h-net.org/~genocide
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| | [No title] |
| | Genocide Watch is the Founder and Chair of the International Campaign to End Genocide, founded in |
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http://www.genocidewatch.org
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| | Armenian Genocide Resources for Teachers |
| | Most of the books listed should be readily available. | | | f for whatever reason you are not able to find or obtain a book, contact the The Genocide Education Project for assistance: | | | The Armenian Genocide: News Accounts from the American Press, 1915-1922 |
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http://www.teachgenocide.org/books
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| | Genocide.com - powered by vBulletin |
| | * Discussions about various genocides that have taken place in the 20th century * | | | To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. |
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http://www.genocide.com
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