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| | United Press International: Military lawyers criticize tribunal |
 | | The director of the National Institute of Military Justice, an organization that tracks and analyses military justice issues, called the brief a "watershed" event for the American military's legal community. | | | That maneuver was used against him in impeachment hearings, and actually became the basis for the writ of habeas corpus in England and ultimately the United States. | | | The Al Odah case is expected to determine whether the Guantanamo prisoners may be tried without the right to an appeal in a U.S. civilian court. |
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http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=20040114-072539-7001r
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| | Welcome to The Official site of The Universal Zulu Nation |
| | International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been granted international personality by sovereign states. | | | While international law applies only between entities that can claim international personality, national law is the internal law of states that regulates the conduct of individuals and other legal entities within their jurisdiction. | | | A treaty, the typical instrument of international relations, is defined by the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties as an "agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law, whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more related instruments and whatever its particular designation". |
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http://www.zulunation.com/INTERNATIONALLAW.html
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| | Judicial Responses to Genocide: International Criminal Tribunal |
| | The Tribunal's registrar transmits the arrest warrant to the national authorities of the State having jurisdiction over the accused "together with instructions that at the time of the arrest the indictment and statement of the rights of the accused be read to him in a language he understands. | | | The Rwandan Tribunal is unique in that it is the first international court to apply crimes against humanity to a non-international conflict and to enforce Article 3 common and Protocol II of the Geneva Conventions. | | | Both the prohibition and punishment of acts of genocide and crimes against humanity are part of customary international law imposing legal obligations on all States(40). |
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http://www.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/2.htm
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| | IMT Charter |
| | The expenses of the Tribunal and of the Trials, shall be charged by the Signatories against the funds allotted for maintenance of the Control Council for Germany. | | | In cases where a group or organization is declared criminal by the Tribunal, the competent national authority of any Signatory shall have the right to bring individuals to trial for membership therein before national, military or occupation courts. | | | The Tribunal shall have the right to take proceedings against a person charged with crimes set out in Article 6 of this Charter in his absence, if he has not been found or if the Tribunal, for any reason, finds it necessary, in the interests of Justice, to conduct the hearing in his absence. |
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http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/imtcharter.htm
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| | Online Exhibitions The Doctors Trial Sentences |
| | For your said crimes on which you have been and now stand convicted, Military Tribunal I sentences you, Siegfried Handloser, to imprisonment for the full term and period of your natural life, to be served at such prison or prisons, or other appropriate place of confinement, as shall be determined by competent authority. | | | For your said crimes on which you have been and now stand convicted, Military Tribunal I sentences you, Karl Genzken, to imprisonment for the full term and period of your natural life, to be served at such prison or prisons, or other appropriate place of confinement, as shall be determined by competent authority. | | | For your said crimes on which you have been and now stand convicted Military Tribunal I sentences you, Wilhelm Beiglboeck, to imprisonment for a term of fifteen years, to be served at such prison or prisons, or other appropriate place of confinement, as shall be determined by competent authority. |
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http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/sentence.htm
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| | Nuremberg War Crime Trials - The International Military Tribunal |
| | The court itself was to determine the locale for the subsequent trials. | | | What is known as the "Krupp Trial" took place before a US military court in Nuremberg in 1948. | | | On 218 days of trials, testimony from 360 witnesses was introduced, some verbal, some written, some (236 witnesses) from the court itself, some from judges assigned to take testimony. |
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http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Congress/2106/secret/imt.htm
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| | International Military Tribunal |
| | Some famous examples of British-established War Crimes courts were the Belsen Trial, the trials of people involved in the murder of fifty RAF Officers and the Freshman trials in Norway. | | | However, the operation and charters of these courts were governed by Law Order No. 10, and heavily influenced by the IMT's charter. | | | The accused were common criminals who had disgraced their military ethos and tradition. |
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http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/imt.htm
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| | Women's International War Crimes Tribunal on Japan's Military Sexual Slavery |
| | International law during the period in which the crimes were committed did not recognize an individual victim's right to claim compensation against the state | | | The Tribunal will have jurisdiction over both individuals and states, and shall identify those responsible for crimes with an emphasis on perpetrators in the high military and governmental position with command responsibility including the Emperor. | | | Unfortunately, the International Criminal Court, even in the event that the Statute is ultimately ratified, will have no jurisdiction over crimes committed before its establishment. |
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http://www.globalaging.org/elderrights/world/women.htm
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| | International Criminal Tribunal For Afghanistan at Tokyo - Final Written Opinion of Judge Niloufer Bhagwat 10mar04 |
| | General Richard B. Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the United States military, admitted, that no US aircraft from any US air base, or from Norad, the joint US -Canadian Air Defense Command were mobilized or scrambled on 11 th September 2001 to protect the citizens of the United States. | | | This dual condition applies as much to customary International law and to the right of self-defense under Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations. | | | Plea on behalf of the Defendant of "collateral damage" on civilians that use of weapons of mass destruction not prohibited by a specific Convention; legally untenable in view of clear rules of International Humanitarian Law for the conduct of warfare. |
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http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2004/Afghanistan-Criminal-Tribunal10mar04.htm
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| | Equipo Nizkor - Closing Address Before the International Military Tribunal. |
| | As an International Tribunal, it is not bound by the procedural and substantive refinements of our respective judicial or constitutional systems, nor will its rulings introduce precedents into any country's internal system of civil justice. | | | The Agreement of London, whether it originates or merely records, at all events marks a transition in international law which roughly corresponds to that in the evolution of local law when men ceased to punish crime by "hue and cry" and began to let reason and inquiry govern punishment. | | | The society of nations has emerged from the primitive "hue and cry," the law of "catch and kill." It seeks to apply sanctions to enforce international law, but to guide their application by evidence, law, and reason instead of outcry. |
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http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/nuremberg/jackson2.html
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| | André RWAMAKUBA |
| | The Appellant filed the Appeal on 1 June 2004, seeking to appeal as of right under Rule 72(B)(i) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Tribunal (“Rules”). The case was assigned to a Bench of the Appeals Chamber pursuant to Rule 72(E) of the Rules. | | | [1] On 24 March 2004, the Appellant filed a preliminary motion challenging the Indictment on the ground that the International Tribunal lacked jurisdiction to try the Appellant for genocide on a theory of participation in a joint criminal enterprise. | | | [25] Article 4 of the ICTY Statute deals with genocide. The ensuing discussion of the doctrine of common purpose refers to “serious violations of international humanitarian law” and “the commission of crimes” without suggesting that any crime within the jurisdiction of the ICTY might be exempt from the discussion. |
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http://www.ictr.org/ENGLISH/cases/Rwamakuba/decisions/221004.htm
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| | Mario's Cyberspace Station: The International Criminal Tribunal |
| | This is a Home Page for links to documents and images relating to the investigation and prosecution of Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, and violations of the laws and customs of war that took place in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda. | | | The trial of Georges Rutaganda, charged with genocide and crimes against humanity in Rwanda in 1994, is scheduled to open in Arusha, Tanzania, at the International Criminal Tribunal. | | | Longer Documents You Can Browse or download War Crimes Tribunal. |
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http://mprofaca.cro.net/tribunal.html
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| | Warfare and Conflict, War Crimes, Nuremberg: International Military Tribunal |
| | The Einsatzgruppen Case - Military Tribunal II Case 9 | | | In-depth documentation of the proceedings of The International Military Tribunal with the hearings and findings of 1946, post WWII. | | | 50){ this.border=1;}" alt="Info for The Einsatzgruppen Case - Military Tribunal II Case 9" title="Info for The Einsatzgruppen Case - Military Tribunal II Case 9"> |
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http://www.war-on-terrorism.info/dir/Society/Issues/Warfare_and_Conflict/War_Crimes/Nuremberg,_International_Military_Tribunal/index.cgi
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| | Saddam Hussein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Mount Holyoke International Relations Program also provides a free-access document briefing on U.S.â“Iraq relations ( 1904 â“present); this can be accessed on line at [26]. | | | The first legal hearing in Saddam's case was held before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on July 1, 2004. | | | He called the court as a "play aimed at Bush's chances of winning the U.S. presidential elections." He emphatically rejected charges against him. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein
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| | The Avalon Project : The International Military Tribunal for Germany |
| | Rules of Procedure Adopted by Military Tribunal I in the Trial of the Medical Case (Case 1) | | | Please type your search term in to the box and press enter. | | | Rules of Procedure for the Trial of the German Major War Criminals : October 29, 1945 |
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http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/imt.htm
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| | Alibris: International Military Tribunal |
| | The Tokyo major war crimes trial : the transcripts of the court proceedings of the international military tribunal for the Far East. | | | The Tokyo major war crimes trial : transcripts of the court proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. | | | The Trial of German Major War Criminals by the International Military Tribunal Sitting at Nuremberg, Ger: Opening Speeches of the Chief Prosecutors fo |
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http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/International_Military_Tribunal
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| | AddALL.com - browse and compare book price: R. John Pritchard |
| | Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial: The Transcripts of the Court Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East The Case for the Defence | | | Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial: The Transcripts of the Court Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East The Case for the Defence (Transcript Ages 22841 | | | Tokyo Major War Crimes Trial: The Transcripts of the Court Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East Sur-Rebuttal by the Defence, Evidence in mitigation |
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http://www.addall.com/author/3046539-1
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| | THE NUREMBERG TRIALS |
| | Together, these international agreements served as the legal basis upon which Nazi war criminals could be brought to trial for violations of International Law. | | | Slavery (CONVENTION TO SUPPRESS THE SLAVE TRADE AND SLAVERY, 25 Sep 26) and forced labor (CONVENTION CONCERNING FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOUR, 28 Jun 30). | | | At that conference the charter for the International Military Tribunal was drawn up and signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union. |
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http://www.mtsu.edu/~baustin/trials.html
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| | Court TV: A Look Back at Nuremberg |
| | Jackson, a justice on leave from the U.S. Supreme Court, argued for the legitimacy and need for this trial, saying, "the wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated." | | | The Creation of the Tribunal and the Law Behind It | | | In this landmark in international law, Robert Jackson, the Chief U.S. prosecutor at Nuremberg, makes his final speech of the trial. |
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http://www.courttv.com/casefiles/nuremberg
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| | Daniele Archibugi: Terrorism and Cosmopolitanism |
| | To punish war criminals, they set up Tribunals. | | | They ought to swiftly set up the International Criminal Court, the Treaty for which was approved in Rome more than three years ago (despite the opposition of the United States), and which is struggling to receive the necessary ratifications from states. | | | But in other situations throughout the 1990s, democratic states - the United States in particular - were active in international terrorism: Panama, the Persian Gulf, the Balkans are some of the examples. |
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http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/archibugi.htm
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| | PolitInfo.com Specials: Milosevic Trial |
| | Bringing War Criminals to Justice: Obligations, Options, Recommendations (Balkan Institute) | | | Achieving Justice Before the International War Crimes Tribunal: Challenges For the Defense Counsel | | | War Crimes Bibliography (American Society of International Law) |
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http://www.specials.politinfo.com/Archives/Milosevic_Trial/milosevic_trial.html
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| | FindLaw Legal News: Special Coverage: War on Terror: Documents |
| | Appropriate Justice for Terrorists: Using Military Tribunals Rathern Than Criminal Courts By John Dean, Former Counsel to the President of the United States. | | | Remarks of Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist Features comments on civil liberties in time of war. | | | The Critics Are Wrong: Why President Bush's Decision to Bring Foreign Terrorists to Justice Before Military Tribunals Should Not Offend Civil Libertarians By John Dean, Former Counsel to the President of the United States. |
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http://news.findlaw.com/legalnews/us/terrorism/documents/tribunals.html
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| | International Military Tribunal (IMT) Agreement |
| | The constitution, jurisdiction and functions of the International Military Tribunal shall be those set out in the Charter annexed to this agreement, which Charter shall form an integral part of this agreement. | | | The signatories shall also use their best endeavors to make available for investigation of the charges against and the trial before the International Military Tribunal such of the major war criminals as are not in the territories of any of the signatories. | | | And whereas this declaration was stated to be without prejudice to the case of major criminals whose offenses have no particular geographical location and who will be punished by the joint decision of the Governments of the Allies; |
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http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/documents/IMT_Agreement.htm
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| | Archives and Special Collections International Military Tribunal Finding Aid |
| | Original materials from the files of IMT interrogators Peiser and Fehl are also in Series 12. | | | A few photostatic copies of original Himmler and Hitler documents generated in National Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP) offices or later at the IMT are also included. | | | This series is comprised of miscellaneous materials generated during the IMT for presiding judges and for prosecution and defense teams and other documents relating to Werner Best and Fritz Wiedemann. |
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http://www.unl.edu/libr/libs/spec/imt.html
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| | International Military Tribunal "Blue Series," Vol. 1, p. 118 |
| | I further certify that I have apprised the above-named defendant of his right to the employment and designation of counsel to the extent that this was possible in view of his mental condition. | | | At the direction of the Tribunal I have made an investigation into the state of Gustav Krupp von Bohlen's health and have obtained medical reports on this subject which are attached hereto. | | | Copyright © 1998 The Mazal Library and The Holocaust History Project. |
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http://www.holocaust-history.org/works/imt/01/htm/t118.htm?size=2
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| | The Holocaust Forums - International Military Tribunal |
| | The IMT trial of the major Nazis covered a much wider range of crimes, but also included the Holocaust and it was the first systematic presentation of the Holocaust events after WWII. |
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http://www.theholocaust.co.uk/forums/showthread.php?t=20
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| | Nurnberg -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | a series of trials held in Nürnberg, Ger., in 1945–46, in which former Nazi leaders were indicted and tried as war criminals by the International Military Tribunal. | | | About Us :: Privacy Policy :: Terms of Use :: Legal Notices :: Contact Us :: Britannica Store :: Syndication :: International Publishing | | | She was known also for her great intelligence and dramatic... |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9056528&ref=news0505ARCif
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| | The Holocaust Forums - International Military Tribunal |
| | 17-07-2004 02:41 PM The IMT trial of the major Nazis covered a much wider range of crimes, but also included the Holocaust and it was the first systematic presentation of the Holocaust events after WWII. |
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http://www.theholocaust.co.uk/forums/printthread.php?t=20
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| | Holocaust Survivors: Links to On-Line Resources |
| | Documents of the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg War Crimes Trial) | | | If you know of any other great on-line resources related to the Holocaust, please e-mail them to |
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http://www.holocaustsurvivors.com/cgi-bin/data.show.pl?di=list&da=links&so=title
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| | Turkish Military Tribunal (1919) |
| | Home > International Affirmation > Turkish Military Tribunal (1919) |
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http://www.armenian-genocide.org/current_category.50/affirmation_list.html
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