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Topic: Nuremberg Principles

Ads by Google Related Topics Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Laws Nuremberg Principles Nuremberg War Trials Nuremberg War Crimes tribunal Nuremberg Race Laws      A New Court to Uphold International Criminal Law: The World Moves Forward without the United States, by David Krieger, ... Principle two clarified that the perpetrator of a crime under international law was not exempted from responsibility by the fact that the crime was not subject to penalty under the internal law of his or her nation. Principle five allowed that anyone charged with a crime under international law was entitled to a fair trial. The Principles of Nuremberg can now be made applicable to crimes committed in the Nuclear Age, and no longer will leaders of nations be able to hide from accountability for the most heinous of crimes under international law. http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/2002/04/00_krieger_new-court.htm   (856 words)      The evolution of individual criminal responsibility under international law Principle I states that “any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment”. The Nuremberg trials (and, with a minor impact, the Tokyo trials) produced a large number of judgements, which have greatly contributed to the forming of case law regarding individual criminal responsibility under international law [19]. IT-96-22-T. This principle was already stated by the ICTY in the Tadic case, judgement of 7 May 1997, UN Doc. http://www.icrc.ch/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList174/911763EAA63170C0C1256B66005D85D0   (7604 words)      Equipo Nizkor - The question of impunity in Spain and crimes under Franco. The principles recognised in the agreement signed in London on 8th August 1945 by the United States, France, the United Kingdom and the USSR - the said agreement was later also adopted by another nineteen countries, which therefore agreed to create an International Military Tribunal- are officially known as the "Principles of Nuremberg". This formulation of the principles of Nuremberg by the International Law Commission includes complicity in crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity as an international crime, that is to say, complicity in an act constituting a crime under International Law is itself a crime under International Law. This exception to the non-retroactive effect of criminal laws has been applied in the criminal trial of a person accused of having diverted an aircraft when such an act was not punishable by ius fori at the time it was committed. http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/espana/doc/impuspa.html   (10464 words)      Crime against humanity The term was first used in the preamble of the Hague Convention of 1907, and subsequently used during the Nuremberg trials as a charge for actions such as the Holocaust which did not violate a specific treaty but were deemed to require punishment. A crime against humanity is an act of persecution against a group, so heinous as to warrant punishment under international law. See also: Genocide, mass murder, war crime, crime against peace, state terrorism, ethnic cleansing and Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/c/cr/crime_against_humanity.html   (256 words)      The International Criminal Court: Making the right choices - part I: Defining the crimes and permissible defences and ... The preamble states the important principle of effectiveness, which should be a criterion for assessing each provision of the statute, and the principle that the court should be able to act when national criminal jurisdictions are not available or are ineffective. To be consistent with the principles of legality and to facilitate ease of understanding in the general public, the statute should annex the Genocide Convention as a schedule. In the preamble, the states parties declare that they wish to establish a permanent court "to further international cooperation to enhance the effective prosecution and suppression of crimes of international concern" which "is intended to be complementary to national criminal justice systems in cases where trial procedures may not be available or may be ineffective". http://t2web.amnesty.r3h.net/library/index/engior400011997?open&of=eng-385   (10236 words)      Medicine & Global Survival The primary principle is that “Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment” [4]. The principal message of the Nuremberg trials is that individuals are responsible for what they do, and will be held accountable for committing serious crimes under international law. The fact that there is no penalty for the act under a nation’s internal laws does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law. http://www.ippnw.org/MGS/V4Krieger.html   (2070 words)      Nuclear Files: Library: Treaties: The Nuremberg Principles, Commentary by January Godkin The Nuremberg Trials, as they would come to be known, were based on the premise of international law. The United States, United Kingdom, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and France decided to prosecute, in a court of law, Nazi offenders in a court to be set at Nuremberg, Germany, former center for Nazi politics. The legacy of Nuremberg, however imperfect the trial and the ideals behind may have been, remains unfulfilled. http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/treaties/nuremberg/trty_nuremberg-principles-commentary-godkin.htm   (596 words)      WHY AND HOW SADDAM MUST BE PUNISHED (Louis Rene Beres) March, 1998 According to Article 38(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, international law derives in part from "the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations." This means nothing less than that the U.S. Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights represent an authoritative source of international legal norms. For the United States, the Nuremberg obligations to bring Hostes humani generis ("common enemies of humankind") to trial are doubly binding. Of course, all international criminal law is already part of the law of the United States, an incorporation expressed at Art. http://www.freeman.org/m_online/mar98/beres1.htm   (2247 words)      George Bush and Nuremberg (Really) Principle VI of the Nuremberg Principles lists three categories of crimes "punishable as crimes under international law". The Principles, drawn up primarily by this United States, formed the legal basis for the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the aftermath of World War II. The first of these categories, "Crimes against peace," is where we shall focus. http://www.justabovesunset.com/id76.html   (1138 words)      AxisofLogic/ Critical Analysis I propose therefore to limit myself to the Nuremberg Principles, as a touchstone of what is a crime under international law, and leave matters of municipal law to lawyers qualified in the USA. Complicity in a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law. In other words, I consider that the persons listed are all guilty of very serious crimes as defined in the Nuremberg Principles, and I would be happy to see them brought before the International Criminal Court in the Hague, which the USA quite understandably refuses to recognise. http://www.axisoflogic.com/artman/publish/article_19679.shtml   (1849 words)      The September 1, 1987 Tragedy at Concord, CA Naval Weapons Station: Perspective of the People Invoking the Nuremburg ... The Nuremberg Principles are part of the body of law of the United States that require individual responsibility and duty to uphold the law even if superiors do not. Furthermore, under Nuremberg, complicity continues the crime and the citizen has a duty to make known the violations of law committed by his or her government and to do everything reasonable to stop those violations from continuing--even when ordered otherwise by a superior. Our government remained in defiance of an order of the World Court. http://www.brianwillson.com/evracnwstest.html   (2647 words)      Chanclers The judgment at Nuremberg relates to those individuals in government, industry, and the military-industrial complex of the United States, who advocate the abrogation of the 1972-ABM Treaty. In the language of the Nuremberg Principles, it constitutes "a crime against peace". As the International Tribunal at Nuremberg put the matter in its judgment: "…individuals have international duties which transcend the national obligations of obedience imposed by the individual state". http://www.iaewp.us/matter.html   (8934 words)      THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE It would be inconsistent with the evolution of international law itself that, whereas the Nuremberg Decisions and trial exercised jurisdiction over the individual in the context of what later and is presently identified as "international law," that the very Court founded to adjudicate that law cannot consider today's individual equally a subject. I would suggest that to deny access by an aggrieved individual having no national but international status to your jurisdiction within the context of those Decisions would first be to deny implicitly their validity, secondly, the trials themselves, and finally, the inalienable rights of the individual to be considered as a person before the law. The United Nations was founded "to maintain international peace and security..." and "...to bring about by peaceful means, and, in conformity with the principle of justice and international law, adjustment of settlement of international disputes or situation which might lead to a breach of the peace..." among other purposes. http://www.worldservice.org/intcourt.html   (5448 words)      (DV) Lichterman: From Nuremberg to Abu Ghraib To say that there are times when we can be punished for unlawful acts, even when we act with State sanction, implies as well a universal responsibility to interpret the law and to commit to what is truly lawful, rather than simply to what the State declares is lawful. Aggressive war, “utterly renounced and condemned as an instrument of policy” by the Nuremberg generation (Justice Jackson’s words again), quickly was enshrined as policy in the President’s National Security Strategy of the United States. In the professional worlds of law and politics, we often find ourselves choosing between arguments grounded in principles we believe in, and those which the political and legal “experts” tell us are likely to prevail in legal or legislative forums. http://www.dissidentvoice.org/July2004/Lichterman0712.htm   (1763 words)      B'NAI B'RITH ORATION From the Final Solution to the Stolen General: And, as it happens, this “double entendre” of Nuremberg – of jackboots and judgements – of Nuremberg Race laws and the Nuremberg Principles – finds parallel expression in the contemporary dialectics of the human rights revolution and counter –revolution; in the dialectics of international human rights law and the criminal violations of human rights. Genocide Convention – where the criminal violations of human rights, the Nuremberg crimes, not only continue unabated, but have in fact intensified.   The Nuremberg principles determined that individuals – and not just abstract entities like states – are personally responsible for criminal violations of human rights including, in particular, the Nuremberg offences of “Crimes Against the Peace”, “War Crimes”, and “Crimes Against Humanity”; http://www.wej.com.au/adc/Oration_cotler.htm   (6342 words)      Our Jerusalem.com - The precise wording of the binding Nuremberg Principles is: “Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefore and liable to punishment.” One of the most elementary principles of law is known as Nullum Crimen Sine Poena: “No crime without a punishment.” Stemming from at least three separate passages of the Torah (Exod. The American obligation to render such assistance to Israel would derive not only from the Constitutional incorporation of international law into United States law (see especially Article 6 of the U.S. Constitution), but also from the Natural Law foundations of US law. http://www.ourjerusalem.com/opinion/story/opinion20050523.html   (911 words)      NONVIOLENT ACTION HANDBOOK: Legal Process Of course, the numbers are a major factor in solidarity, but the principles remain the same; and many activists refuse to pay on principle even if they must suffer for it alone. as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law. Principle V. Any person charged with a crime http://www.san.beck.org/NAH4-Legal.html   (6153 words)      ZME - Nuernberg The US judges who presided over the proceedings did not intend the Code to apply only to the case before them, to be a response to the atrocities committed by the Nazi physicians, or to be inapplicable to research as it is customarily carried on in medical institutions. The Nuremberg Code, reprinted extensively, was first published in Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law, No. 10, Vol. These Richtlinien became legally binding on the day of publication, February 28, 1931; they were, however, not reassessed in the creation of the legal system of the Federal Republic of Germany (Rechtsbereinigungsgesetz) after 1945. http://www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/zme/Nuernberg.htm   (7399 words)      Nuremberg Principles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Nuremberg Principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitues a war crime. Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principle VI is a crime under international law. Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts done against any civilian population, or persecutions on political, racial, or religious grounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried on in execution of or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Principles   (370 words)      Media Advisory: Nuremberg and Its Impact: 50 Years Later WHAT: This international conference on the significance of the Nuremberg trials will examine the legal and political aspects of the international and American trials at Nuremberg, war crimes trials in national courts, contemporary war crimes trials, recent American legal proceedings, and the implications of the Nuremberg principles for contemporary politics and culture. Benjamin B. Ferencz, Pace Law School; Chief Prosecutor for the Einsatgruppen case before the United States International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg The Setting and the Significance of the Nuremberg Trials: A HistorianÏs Perspective http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/1996/96-158.html   (501 words)      "Charter of the International Military Tribunal (IMT)," <i>in</i> Agreement for the Prosecution ... 1544, E.A.S. No. 472, 82 U.N.T.S. Nuremberg Rules, in Agreement for the Prosecution and Punishment of the Major War Criminals of the European Axis, 82 U.N.T.S. entered into force Aug. 8, 1945. The following acts, or any of them, are crimes coming within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal for which there shall be individual responsibility: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/imt1945.htm   (139 words)      LCNP.org - World Court Project - An Open Letter on Trident and Nuremburg The Court also confirmed that the Nuremberg Charter applies to nuclear weapons. Yet the Royal Navy's top legal adviser has indicated that SSBN Commanding Officers would not be acting illegally in obeying orders of the State (Appendix B). He who violates the laws of war cannot obtain immunity while acting in pursuance of the authority of the State if the State in authorising action moves outside http://www.lcnp.org/wcourt/tridentnuremburgltr.htm   (1583 words)      Encyclopedia: War crime International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the law of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus comprised of the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Regulations, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law. War crimes are significant in international humanitarian law because it is an area where international tribunals such as the Nuremberg Trials have been convened. The Nuremberg Trials is the general name for two sets of trials of Nazis involved in World War II and the Holocaust. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/War-crime   (1459 words)      Symposium on the Gulf War [19]   The principles and procedures developed at Nuremberg were reaffirmed and usually hailed as a great landmark in the evolution of international criminal law at other war crimes trials, notably the IMT trial at Tokyo in 1946 and the subsequent proceedings at Nuremberg and elsewhere. Similar ambiguities and lack of specificity can be noted in other legal instruments that ostensibly outlaw other grave international crimes.  For instance, the UN Conventions prohibiting crimes against diplomats, terrorism, and hostage-taking [32] all contain almost identical phrases used to justify acts ordinarily considered to be outrageous criminal deeds. Dumas, later reminded the Council that the use of chemical and biological weapons was a breach of the 1925 Geneva Protocol to which Iraq was a signatory and that all those who violated those laws would “similarly be held personally responsible.” [54]   Foreign Minister Hurd of the United Kingdom also referred to “personal responsibility.” http://www.benferencz.org/stjohns.htm   (3696 words)      Environmentalists Against War Rather, I argued the merits of impeaching Bush Jr., Cheney, Rumsfeld, and Ashcroft under the United States Constitution, US federal laws, US treaties and other international agreements to which the United States is a party, etc. Article VI of the US Constitution provides that treaties "shall be the supreme Law of the Land." This so-called Supremacy Clause of the US Constitution also applies to international executive agreements concluded under the auspices of the US President such as the 1945 Nuremberg Charter. War Crimes as Specified by the Nuremberg Charter http://www.envirosagainstwar.org/know/read.php?itemid=2829   (1218 words)      A CALL TO CONSCIENCE The endorsement by the United States of the Principles of Nuremberg Judgment makes adherence to international law a matter of constitutional necessity. - First Principles of Nuremberg (1945-6), namely "Any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefore, and liable to punishment." Further­more, U.S. judges must understand themselves to be competent and responsible to re­strain the execution of government policy if such policy is internationally outlawed. http://www.plowsharesactions.org/statements/tps2-ind.htm   (356 words)      OD Board - The Bush Doctrine The United States is a party to the Nuremberg Charter, Judgment and Principles, and thus is constitutionally bound to obey them. 4 of the Constitution states that: "The President, Vice President and all Civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." Boyle says that waging a war of aggression is a crime under the Nuremberg Charter, Judgment and Principles. 5) Committing crimes against the peace by leading the United States into aggressive war against Iraq, in violation of Article 24 of the UN Charter, the Nuremberg Charter, other international instruments and treaties, and the Constitution of the United States. http://www.originaldissent.com/forums/printthread.php?t=5507   (1435 words)      The Avalon Project : Charter of the International Military Tribunal The first trial shall be held at Nuremberg, and any subsequent trials shall be held at such places as the Tribunal may decide. One or more of the Chief Prosecutors may take part in the prosecution at each Trial. The principle of rotation of presidency for successive trials is agreed. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/imtconst.htm   (1976 words)      "An Exponential Peace Plan" and "Scales of Justice" (by John Mackesy) - Media Monitors Network (MMN) If they knew the Nuremberg Principles and went along with orders that were illegal under International Law, they should be scrutinized for war crimes justice. No words can justify that breach of International Law. Nuremberg Principles Articles VI and VII make it a Crime Against Peace and a Crime Against Humanity to "Conspire to engage in, wage or be complicit in the waging of a War of Aggression." Admit that American taxpayers are individually and collectively responsible for financing the carnage and suffering caused by this illegal war. http://world.mediamonitors.net/content/view/full/7455   (2581 words)      Chapter 2: New Times, New Codes The code, however admirable in its intent, and however suitable for the purpose for which it was conceived, is in our opinion not necessarily pertinent to or adequate for the conduct of medical research in the United States. Gardella offered a variety of specific objections to the Army surgeon general's "Principles," but several of these points related directly to the general questions raised above. The Nuremberg Code was conceived in reference to Nazi atrocities and was written for the specific purpose of preventing brutal excesses from being committed or excused in the name of science. http://biotech.law.lsu.edu/research/reports/ACHRE/chap2_6.html   (1843 words)      Human Rights and Peace Law Docket Count 1: crimes against humanity, including murder, extermination, imprisonment, genocide, constituting violations of law of nations, int'l conventions, general principles of criminal law, internal penal laws of countries in which crimes were committed, Control Council Law #10, Art II. Acts charged violated 1907 Hague Regs, gen'l criminal law principles, penal laws of countries where crimes committed; Control Council Law #10 declared, recognized, defined acts as crimes. 8/8/45: U.S., USSR, France, UK signed Nuremberg Principles: defining crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, war crimes. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/meiklejohn/meik-peacelaw/meik-peacelaw-16.html   (10807 words)      People's Strategies There is promise this might change with the recent creation of the International Criminal Court. The letter asks the council to support a resolution for impeachment, or in the alternative to urge legal entities to seek a restraining order prohibiting any executive officer from waging pre-emptive (aggressive) wars.] Under the Nuremberg Principles as reformulated in 1950 by the International Law Commission of the United Nations, individuals, including leaders and their subordinates, have international duties which transcend the obligations of obedience imposed by the nation-state, especially when asked to commit offenses they believe are in violation of these international laws. http://www.brianwillson.com/evrastrategies.html   (990 words)      International Law - Bombing of Civilians However, in view of the current state of International Law, and of the elements of fact at its disposal, the Court cannot conclude definitively whether the threat or use of nuclear weapons would be lawful or unlawful in an extreme circumstance of self-defence, in which the very survival of a State would be at stake; In general, the Court based its ruling on the body of international law protecting civilian populations. Considering further that, though this principle ought to be respected by all States and does not require further reaffirmation, it urgently needs to be made the subject of regulations specially adapted to air warfare and taking account of the lessons of experience; http://www.dannen.com/decision/int-law.html   (3030 words)      Nuremberg - encyclopedia article about Nuremberg. The most common use of the term (historically) is in political contexts; in particular to refer to certain efforts sponsored by governments or political groups. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0. Perhaps most famously, the main part of Nicolaus Copernicus' work was published in Nuremberg in 1543. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Nuremberg   (2581 words)      The Peace Encyclopedia: "Arafat, Yassir" The Allies established the Nuremberg Tribunal in August 8, 1045, reaffirming the ancient principle of Nullum Crimen Sine Poena, "No Crime Without a Punishment" The Nuremberg Principles were later formulated by the UN in 1950 stipulating: "Offenses against the peace and security of mankind...are crimes under international law, for which responsible individuals shall be punished". President Clinton's formal invitation of the world's principal terrorist, Yassir Arafat, to visit the White House is illegal under our domestic law. http://www.yahoodi.com/peace/arafat.html   (4519 words)      documents_conference_laughland It stated that no such court can be set up to judge alleged crimes in a sovereign state where independent government holds power [as is the case of the former Yugoslav republics today]. The ICTY was a classic example of how the New World Order, as proclaimed by George Bush Sr in 1990, has “radically reformed” the legal basis of international relations in favour of powerful nations such as the United States, he explained. “The Nuremberg jurisprudence actually based itself on [national sovereignty] because the Nazis radically questioned, both in their acts and their writings, the notion of state sovereignty. http://www.free-slobo-uk.org/documents_conference_laughland   (592 words)      Nuremberg Trials Charter also set punishment at death, held that neither official position nor the orders of a superior were a valid defense - membership in SS, Gestapo, or leadership in the Nazi party was criminal therefore, invalidated principle of individual responsibility for crimes - 1921 Leipzig court also ruled that obedience was not a defense Jackson's opening statement - internatl law not immutable but subject to change Dec. 11, 1946 - U.N. resolution adopting Nuremberg principles as part of internatl law http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/nuremberg-trials.html   (699 words)      Trident Ploughshares - Nuremberg Principles Apply, Claim Peace Protesters Ceri told Helensburgh District Court that the Principles, enunciated during the trials of Nazi war criminals at the end of the Second World War, made it mandatory for individuals not only to refuse illegal orders but also to challenge breaches of international humanitarian law, even if it meant breaking the laws of the state. When arrested, Noora and Ceri had handed police an extended statement justifying their action with reference to international law. --> Peace protesters on trial today for nonviolent direct action against Britain’s weapon system made the Nuremberg Principles part of their defence - a topical allusion given the current claims by some "Coalition" soldiers accused of prisoner abuse in Iraq, that they were only following orders. http://www.tridentploughshares.org/article530   (308 words)      At The Hague, Ferencz Defends The Nuremberg Principles I have come to pay tribute to the Dutch government and to the many nations, organizations and individuals who have joined in creating the International Criminal Court. The Nuremberg Principles and the Rule of Law At Nuremberg, as a war crimes prosecutor for the United States, I peered into the remorseless eyes of mass murderers who deliberately slaughtered over a million innocent men, women and children. http://www.benferencz.org/remarks.htm   (722 words)      -Yeshiva University President According to Hassan Bucabar Jallow, chief prosecutor at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, while Nuremberg and Rwanda are far apart in time and geography, they are the same problem. In a keynote speech, Justice Theodore Meron, president of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, said that although Nuremberg had flaws, without Nuremberg the establishment of an international criminal court at The Hague would not have been possible. As a war crimes investigator in the British Army of the Rhine, Janner was responsible for arresting war criminals. http://www.yu.edu/president/article.asp?id=100963   (934 words)      Benjamin B. Ferencz - Articles and Lectures War Crimes Trials at Nuremberg: Entry for Macmillan Reference USA's 3 Vol. International Courts - Letter to the Editor, The New York Times, November 21, 2003 The Legacy of Nuremberg: International Criminal Courts - Blaine Sloan Lecture, Published in The Pace International Law Review, 1997 http://www.benferencz.org/artis.htm   (1558 words)      IslamiCity.com - Communications & Services If you wish to use any copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. For the first time, four of the most powerful nations have agreed not only upon the principles of liability for war crimes of persecution, but also upon the principle of individual responsibility for the crime of attacking the international peace. Repeatedly, nations have united in abstract declarations that the launching of aggressive war is illegal. http://www.islamicity.com/articles/Articles.asp?ref=SB0303-1896   (1328 words)      Advocate Even the States, which had loudly proclaimed the Principles, breached them with impunity. The Allies led by the United States, United Kingdom and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics had provided staggering evidence of German criminality in Europe generally and against the Jews in particular, but from the beginning the process had lacked a certain evenhandedness and objectivity. The Nuremberg results were born of a process that was of doubtful legality and that represented victors vengeance. http://www.barbadosadvocate.com/NewViewNewsleft.cfm?Record=19662   (481 words)      Nuremberg Code: Information From Answers.com It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer) In addition, the Nuremberg code has also been incorporated into the law of individual states such as California, and other countries. The Nuremberg Code is a set of principles for human experimentation set as a result of the Nuremberg trials at the end of the Second World War. http://www.answers.com/topic/nuremberg-code   (549 words)      Indymedia UK - Bush and Blair to Violate Nuremberg Principles Please install the CAcert root certificate to verify the authenticity of the site, for more information see the security page. --Supreme Court Justice Robert L. Jackson, Chief U.S. Prosecutor at the Nuremberg Tribunal, August 12, 1945. Indymedia UK - Bush and Blair to Violate Nuremberg Principles http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2003/01/52076.html   (688 words)      War's Crimes and Punishments, Then and Now Specifically, the so-called Nuremberg principles, which were never codified as international law, declared that government leaders were to be held accountable for breaches of international law and that no one could plead not guilty to war crimes by saying they were merely following orders. "The lasting contribution of Nuremberg was to make individuals responsible" for the wars they start, Jutta Limbach, the president of Germany's highest court and the first woman to hold the position, said at today's debate with representatives of the United States, the former Soviet Union, Britain and France. When the Nuremberg trial ended in October 1946, it produced 12 death sentences, 3 acquittals and 7 prison terms from 10 years to life. http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/nuremberg.html   (674 words)      The Nuremberg Tribunal United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: The Doctors Trial: The Medical Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings Avalon Project's Nuremberg War Crimes Trials page at Yale. Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion reveals Holocaust war crimes documents http://home.earthlink.net/~platter/nuremberg   (306 words)      A War Crime in Real Time: Obliterating Fallujah BaltimoreChronicle.com administration's foreign policy constitutes ongoing criminal activity under well-recognized principles of both international law and US domestic law, in particular the Nuremberg Charter, the Nuremberg Judgment, and the Nuremberg Principles. administration itself should now be viewed as constituting an ongoing criminal conspiracy under international criminal law in violation of the Nuremberg Charter, the Nuremberg Judgment, and the Nuremberg Principles, due to its formulation and undertaking of aggressive war policies that are legally akin to those perpetrated by the Nazi regime. The Lutheran theologian and pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer was the foremost exemplar of someone who led a life of principled opposition to the Nazi-terror state even unto death. http://baltimorechronicle.com/111804Boyle.shtml   (1204 words)      International Law Commission: Principles Recognized by the Nürnberg Tribunal International Law Commission: Principles Recognized by the Nürnberg Tribunal http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/nurnfra.htm   (9 words)      The Communitarian Network But some say that for soldiers such as her, this is no longer an adequate defense under the Nuremberg Principles. These cues served as reminders that the "others" were also God's children, and that when all the shooting stopped, we would have to live together-just about the opposite of the signals that intelligence officers have given the military police in Iraq and Afghanistan. If soldiers must disobey orders-and draw on Nuremberg principles-to prevent torture, then something is very rotten, and it is not in Denmark. http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/etzioni/B461.html   (712 words)

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