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| | Nuremberg Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Because the court was limited to violations of the laws of war, it did not have jurisdiction over crimes that took place before the outbreak of war on September 1, 1939. | | | The definition of what constitutes a war crime is described by the Nuremberg Principles, a document which was created as a result of the trial. | | | The legal basis for the trial was established by the 'London Charter', issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "trial and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries". |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials
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| | The Trial of Charles I – The First War Crimes Trial |
| | It is this charge of levying and maintaining “a cruel war in the land against the parliament and kingdom” that provides the basis for the assertion that the trial of Charles I is the first war crimes trial and an unacknowledged precedent for the Nuremberg War Crimes trials. | | | tribunal, no challenge to the jurisdiction of the Court was to be permitted. | | | The main charge of waging aggressive war had never been defined as a crime in international law, even if the carrying out of war might give rise to specific criminal acts. |
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http://www.chilit.org/Hermann2.htm
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| | War Crimes - Principles Of The Nuremberg Tribunal, 1950 |
| | Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principles VI is a crime under international law. | | | Principle II The fact that internal law does not impose a penalty for an act which constitutes a crime under international law does not relieve the person who committed the act from responsibility under international law. | | | Any person charged with a crime under international law has the right to a fair trial on the facts and law. |
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http://www.rense.com/general36/nurem.htm
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| | war crimes on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Individuals were found guilty of acts considered legal, or even required, by their nation at the time; such findings represent a violation of the concept of sovereignty. | | | In 1998 the UN General Assembly voted in favor of a treaty authorizing a permanent international court for war crimes. | | | In Indonesia the national courts have tried a number of Indonesian officials and officers for war crimes in East Timor during 1999, but the proceedings have mostly ended in whitewash acquittals. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/w1/warcrime.asp
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| | The Avalon Project : The International Military Tribunal for Germany |
| | Royal Warrant : Regulations for the Trial of War Criminals; June 18, 1945 | | | Rules of Procedure Adopted by Military Tribunal I in the Trial of the Medical Case (Case 1) | | | Joint Chiefs of Staff : Directive on the Identification and Apprehension of Persons Suspected of War Crimes or Other Offenses and Trial of Certain Offenders; July 8, 1945 |
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http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/imt.htm
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| | nobs |
| | Thus, Katyn appears in the Count of Indictment No. 3, “War Crimes”, which refer to the subparagraph B of Article 6 of the Statute of the Court. | | | John F Murphy, "Norms of criminal procedure international At the military court", in G Ginsburgs and V.N. Kudriatsev (eds), The Nuremberg Trials and International Law, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990, p. | | | He supports there that the Stalinist interpretation of Article 21 of the statute of the court was accepted. |
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http://nobsnews.blogspot.com/1994/12/katyn-in-nuremberg.html
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| | I think the words of the chief prosecutor in Nuremberg, Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, are eloquent reminders of the goals of Nuremberg: The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated. | | | `War crimes, may be familiar to us today,' but in 1945 they were not defined in any international or even national legal sense. | | | As Justice Jackson noted in his opening statement at Nuremberg: `Never before in legal history has an effort been made to bring within the scope of a single litigation the developments of a decade, covering a whole Continent, and involving a score of nations, countless individuals, and innumerable events.' |
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http://www.senate.gov/~dodd/press/Speeches/104_96/0416b.htm
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| | War Crimes Tribunal for Liberian Warlords |
| | Finally, the question of war crimes trial should be based on moral ground; it must transcend political affiliations; and the trial must be held simply because it's just and it's right. | | | But the matter of war crimes must come about without any condition or exception. | | | Material may be downloaded, copied, redistributed, or used for broadcast as long as credit is given to The Perspective and the author(s) of the article(s) |
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http://www.theperspective.org/tribunal.html
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| | Nuremberg War Crimes Trial |
| | It would be illogical in the extreme if those who, although they may not with their own hands have committed individual crimes, were responsible for systematic breaches of the laws of war affecting the nationals of many states should escape for that reason. | | | Nor, though this procedure and this Indictment of individuals may be novel, is there anything new in the principles which by this prosecution we seek to enforce. | | | The rights of humanitarian intervention on behalf of the rights of man, trampled upon by a state in a manner shocking the sense of mankind, has long been considered to form part of the recognized law of nations. |
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http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWnuremberg.htm
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| | THE NUREMBERG TRIALS |
| | Together, these international agreements served as the legal basis upon which Nazi war criminals could be brought to trial for violations of International Law. | | | Eight of the accused were hanged and three were sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. | | | Most of the trials subsequent to 1946 involved lower-ranking officials, camp guards, Einsatzgruppen officers, medical doctors, etc. Far more war criminals, however, were never brought to justice. |
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http://www.mtsu.edu/~baustin/trials.html
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| | Speer Cross-Examination |
| | However, I believe that in the case of the Russian prisoners of war, there was not the same value attached to strict observance of the Geneva Convention as in the case of prisoners from western countries. | | | The result of these estimates shows that, despite the limitations counsel have imposed upon themselves, and with due respect to the wishes of the High Tribunal, a total duration of approximately 20 full days in court is required by the Defense. | | | SPEER: That was the case mostly during the last phase of the war. |
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http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nuremberg/Speer.html
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| | Major War Criminals/Suspects |
| | Rules of the War Crimes Tribunal are available at the Court TV site and the U.N. ICTY site | | | Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 9 December 1948 | | | Bulletins of the Rep. of Bosnia-Herzegovina State War Crimes Commission, in English and Bosnian |
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http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~bosnia/criminal/criminals.html
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| | 9840—The New Court: Civil Society's Victory—10/6/98 |
| | This new court would be a permanent tribunal to try individuals charged with committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. | | | Since that time he's devoted himself to seeing a permanent war crimes court created. | | | On previous editions of Common Ground, we've taken you behind the scenes at the Rome Conference to learn more about the nuts and bolts of the new court, the objections raised by the United States, and the groundbreaking authority this court would have to prosecute a variety war crimes directed specifically at women. |
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http://www.commongroundradio.org/shows/98/9840.html
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| | War crimes - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about War crimes |
| | A key principle of the law relating to such crimes is that obedience to the orders of a superior is no defence. | | | The first ever war-crimes case in Britain began in May 1996. | | | Offence (such as murder of a civilian or a prisoner of war) that contravenes the internationally accepted laws governing the conduct of wars, particularly the Hague Convention of 1907 and the Geneva Convention of 1949. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/War+crimes
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| | Court TV: A Look Back at Nuremberg |
| | Jackson, a justice on leave from the U.S. Supreme Court, argued for the legitimacy and need for this trial, saying, "the wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated." | | | He was called to testify in the defense of SS officer Ernst Kaltenbrunner. | | | After the Nuremberg trials, Sprecher went on to become vice chairman of the Democratic Party. |
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http://www.courttv.com/casefiles/nuremberg
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| | Court TV Casefiles: Bosnia War Crimes Tribunal |
| | After 78 days of court, the trial of Dusko Tadic ended Nov. 28, 1996. | | | COURT TV is a registered trademark and COURT TV ONLINE is a service mark of the Courtroom Television Network. | | | In the first international war crimes trial since World War Two, Bosnian Serb Dusko Tadic was charged with crimes related to the rape, torture and murder of prisoners in and around three prison camps in northern Bosnia. |
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http://www.courttv.com/casefiles/warcrimes
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| | Judgment of International Military Tribunal on Hermann Goering |
| | On some specific cases there may be conflict of testimony, but in terms of the broad outline, his own admissions are more than sufficiently wide to be conclusive of his guilt. | | | All of these crimes he has frankly admitted. | | | He issued directives to use Soviet and French prisoners of war in the armament industry; he spoke of seizing Poles and Dutch and making them prisoners of war if necessary, and using work. |
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http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/Goering_judgment.htm
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| | WAR CRIMES - The West Wing Episode Guide |
| | The legal machinery in the MS matter begins to grind in earnest in this tense episode. | | | WAR CRIMES - The West Wing Episode Guide |
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http://www.westwingepguide.com/S3/Episodes/50_WC.html
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| | BBC NEWS UK Nazi war crimes prosecutor dies |
| | In December 1945, as Chief Prosecutor for the United Kingdom at Nuremberg, the freshly knighted Sir Hartley opened the British case against the Nazi leaders with a speech that lasted nearly five hours. | | | The barrister, who was attorney general in the post-war Labour Government, died peacefully at his home in Sussex, his secretary Greta Kinder said. | | | Shawcross also went before the Hague to state Great Britain's case against Albania after the mining of the British destroyers in the Corfu Channel. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1218017.stm
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| | CNN.com - War crimes tribunal: Key facts - Aug 31, 2004 |
| | The tribunal may not try suspects in absentia, nor impose the death penalty. | | | The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia was established by Resolution 827 of the United Nations Security Council in May 1993. | | | The tribunal has jurisdiction over individuals responsible for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity in the territory of the former Yugoslavia after January 1, 1991. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/08/31/milosevic.keyfacts
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| | Online Exhibitions The Doctors Trial |
| | Documents: The transcriptions of documents come from the official trial record: Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10. | | | On December 9, 1946, an American military tribunal opened criminal proceedings against 23 leading German physicians and administrators for their willing participation in war crimes and crimes against humanity. | | | Prints of the photographs used here may be found in the Photo Archives, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. |
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http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors
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| | War's Crimes and Punishments, Then and Now |
| | Specifically, the so-called Nuremberg principles, which were never codified as international law, declared that government leaders were to be held accountable for breaches of international law and that no one could plead not guilty to war crimes by saying they were merely following orders. | | | "The lasting contribution of Nuremberg was to make individuals responsible" for the wars they start, Jutta Limbach, the president of Germany's highest court and the first woman to hold the position, said at today's debate with representatives of the United States, the former Soviet Union, Britain and France. | | | When the Nuremberg trial ended in October 1946, it produced 12 death sentences, 3 acquittals and 7 prison terms from 10 years to life. |
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http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/nuremberg.html
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| | The Mazal Library |
| | The IMT process held between November 14, 1945 and October 1, 1946 was held under the aegis of an international court with judges and prosecutors from the United States, Great Britain, the Provisional Government of France and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. | | | The judges and prosecutors of these war criminals were exclusively American. | | | As its title implies, the IMT prosecuted those major war criminals who were the leaders of the Nazi regime. |
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http://www.mazal.org/NMT-HOME.htm
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| | The Nuremberg Tribunal |
| | United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: The Doctors Trial: The Medical Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings | | | Avalon Project's Nuremberg War Crimes Trials page at Yale. | | | Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion reveals Holocaust war crimes documents |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~platter/nuremberg
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| | War crimes free essays |
| | in international law, violations of the laws of war (see war, laws of). | | | The records of the war crimes trials after World War II provide one of the most comprehensive formulations of the concept of war crimes. | | | Those accused have been tried by their own military and civilian courts, by those of their enemy, and by expressly established international tribunals. |
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http://www.needfreeessays.com/viewpaper/9936.html
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| | Humbul full record view for -- Nuremberg war crimes trials |
| | The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School : Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. | | | This resource is part of The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School, (which mounts digital documents relevant to the fields of Law, History, Economics, Politics, Diplomacy and Government). | | | Humbul full record view for -- Nuremberg war crimes trials |
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http://www.humbul.ac.uk/output/full2.php?id=3884
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| | Mary Kelly - Nuremberg |
| | Therefore [individuals] have the duty to violate domestic laws to prevent crimes against peace and humanity from occurring." | | | "Individuals have the duty to violate domestic laws to prevent crimes against peace and humanity from occurring." | | | The judgement of the Nuremberg Tribunal makes it clear that citizens have the right and duty to seek to prevent more crimes against peace and humanity being comitted against Iraq. |
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http://www.freewebs.com/mary_kelly/nurem.htm
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| | The Battle of Midway, 1942 |
| | The dive-bomber sank more tonnage than any other aircraft in the war. | | | That afternoon American aircraft caught the Hiryu, inflicting serious damage. | | | The one-day battle reversed the tide of war in the Pacific, six months after Pearl Harbor. |
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http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/midway.htm
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| | Justice Robert Jackson addressing the Tribunal at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. |
| | Title: Justice Robert Jackson addressing the Tribunal at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. | | | Justice Robert Jackson addressing the Tribunal at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. | | | The Harry S. Truman Library is one of eleven Presidential Libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration |
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http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/displayimage.php?pointer=1350
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