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| | One-Child Policy in China |
 | | As social compensation fee policies are set at the provincial level, and implemented locally, we understand enforcement varies greatly, with some areas waiving or greatly reducing the fees, and others imposing them at a high level. | | | The law grants married couples the right to have a single child and allows eligible couples to apply for permission to have a second child if they meet conditions stipulated in local and provincial regulations. | | | But it also suggested doing what it lacked time to do during its brief mission, that is to translate the legislation governing birth planning policies in the counties where UNFPA worked, and also to find out how these policies were implemented and enforced. |
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http://www.state.gov/g/prm/rls/39823.htm
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| | China's One Child Policy |
| | The "one-child" policy is not a law, as most people think it is, "it is a policy enforced by the system of punishments" (www.cen.uci.edu~m-ulrich/eal/paper.html). | | | The reason they are doing all this, is because she is a girl, and China has a strict Marriage Law and a violating "one-child" policy. | | | Women who don't have their births authorized risk being punished by the government. |
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http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/kane98/kanep2/chinas1kid/dcva2.html
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| | China: The One-Child Policy |
| | Before the One-Child Policy, there were fewer than 200,000 cases per year. | | | riginally, the One-Child Policy called for enforcing laws allowing each couple within China just one child that is, boy or girl a policy to be strictly enforced by a government already looked down upon for its human rights violations. | | | This was soon to change under Xiaoping's new policy that was enforced nationwide beginning in 1981. |
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http://www.beaglebass.com/one_child.htm
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| | China Turns One-Child Policy into Law |
| | The previous policy gained its name from the one-child per couple norm that China’s government has encouraged since 1979, although both the old policy and the new law contain limited exceptions to the "one-child" rule. | | | Last week’s shift from policy to law should increase scrutiny over the efficacy of China’s law and the long term human rights implications of trying to enforce such stringent family planning measures. | | | Prescribes having more than one child as a criminal act, punishable by way of a fine for those who do not fit within the limited exceptions |
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http://www.crlp.org/ww_asia_1child.html
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| | One-child policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The policy is not legally enforced nationally, only "encouraged". | | | Moreover in accordance with PRC's affirmative action policies towards ethnic minorities, all non-Han ethnic groups are subjected to different rules and are usually exempt from being limited to one child only; in addition, some couples simply pay a fine, or "social maintenance fee" to have more children | | | The social pressure exerted by the one-child policy has affected the rate at which parents abandon undesirable children, and the state often fails to provide adequate care. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_child_policy
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| | For One-Child Policy, China Rethinks Iron Hand |
| | And, in the new market economy -- where parents must pay rent, child care and school fees -- it is unlikely that a population explosion will resume. | | | And couples who dare to have a child without permits, or -- worse -- an illegal second child, can face heavy financial penalties, job loss or, in some cases, police detention. | | | Others who want an additional child pay stiff fees. |
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http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/demotrans/irnhnd.htm
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| | Conscience and one child policy - China |
| | One of the witnesses, who identifed herself by the pseudonym "Dr. Wong", was heard by the committee in February, 1995, and July, 1999. | | | Senator Cooney: When you say it is a policy, is it written out as a law? | | | Is there a law that says you are only allowed one child? |
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http://www.consciencelaws.org/Repression-Conscience/Conscience-Repression-13.html
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| | China Eases One-Child Policy - |
| | Measures such as enforced birth control, criminal penalties, and other means used to enforce the policy will also be scrapped. | | | Initial estimates were that it would be accomplished sometime in 2003, however nothing specific has been noted to this time (July 2004) other than closer restrictions on dossier acceptance. | | | By using it you agree to the terms of service, including jurisdiction and limitation of liability provisions. |
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http://www.adopting.org/adoptions/china-eases-one-child-policy.html
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| | China News: Asia Times Online is a quality Internet-only publication that reports and examines geopolitical, political, ... |
| | The law would bestow a legal mantle on the country's one-child population policy, which has been in practice since 1980. | | | These cases are yet another sign that even as the family planning policy is set to become a law, its enforcement remains difficult, and made so also by China's large rural population. | | | If approved by the National People's Congress, China's parliament, the family planning and population law would provide a strong legal defense for China's draconian birth-control policy, often decried in the past by human rights organizations for using forced abortions and sterilizations. |
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http://www.atimes.com/china/CE24Ad02.html
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| | China_one_child_policy |
| | aren’t constrained by the policy (which, for obvious reasons, is becoming a more common exception). | | | drinking age here in the US, the one-child policy sets forth a guideline and expresses a general proclivity on the part of a government (for a more sustainable population in this case), but everybody knows that it will be widely flouted and that loopholes will be | | | This is in part due to increasing wealth in the cities which makes the financial penalties of the policy less of an issue. |
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http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~ulm/usenet/China_one_child_policy.htm
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| | china's one child policy |
| | In order to enforce the One-Child policy, after the birth of the first child, the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) is mandatory. | | | While laws in America have made it legal for a woman to decide if her child lives or dies, women in China can only wish they had the option to let their children live. | | | Since the 1979 One-Child Act was enforced, it has become a crime for a woman to conceive a child without permission, and a so-called "unregistered" child will be aborted, or even killed at birth. |
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http://www.catholicherald.com/articles/03articles/china0320.htm
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| | Population control: China's one-child policy |
| | The programme is enforced through severe penalties for those who do not comply with the policy, including extortionate fines, destruction of property, imprisonment and even torture. | | | Please copy your letters and any replies you receive to SPUC HQ. | | | Misleading claims about the law are being put forward by defenders of the one-child policy, but the law's true purpose is to "uphold a single-child policy for married couples" (article 18; note that unmarried people are not permitted to have children) and to legitimise coercion by reclassifying it as law enforcement. |
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http://www.spuc.org.uk/lobbying/population-control-china
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| | ifeminists.com > editorial > Is NOW Pro-Choice or Pro-Abortion? |
| | Gao Xiaoduan, former family planning officer with the Chinese government, testified in tears before the U.S. House of Representatives, Once I found a woman who was 9 months pregnant, but did not have a birth-allowed certificate. | | | NOW has ceased to be pro-choice: it has become de facto pro-abortion. | | | Second, NOW states that forced abortions are not performed in regions where the UNFPA operates and the agency has no direct involvement. |
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http://www.ifeminists.net/introduction/editorials/2002/0205.html
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| | China's one-child policy enforcement - (United Press International) |
| | The UNFPA Website states that the United States should be contributing more money to its organization and its work in China. | | | Harry Wu, Executive Director of the Laogai Research Foundation, agreed that China's reproductive limitation practices were inhumane and cruel. | | | "The one-child policy is the most pervasive source of human rights violations in China today. |
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http://www.washtimes.com/upi-breaking/20041215-045058-9603r.htm
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| | peopleandplanet.net > population pressures > features > china's one-child policy enters new phase |
| | "The one-child policy was only directed at one generation, as was stated in the open letter in 1980, and the policy means to keep the promise." | | | And Government officials have confirmed that the policy itself will be phased out once the first one-child generation has grown up. | | | Twenty-one years after it introduced its ‘one child’ population policy, China is keeping its promise to allow only-children who marry each other, to have a second child. |
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http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=771
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| | China Considers Revising its "One Child" Policy |
| | It was necessary to entrench existing family planning policies in law, he said, because the issue was "very sensitive, and may cause chaos in people's minds if handled improperly." | | | Each couple would be encouraged to have one only child, while those meeting "legal conditions" - usually set by provincial authorities and already in place - could have a second. | | | Zhang said the law would forbid any identification - "with no medical purpose" - of the gender of an unborn baby. |
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http://www.sclj.org/news/nr_010504_china_revising.asp
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| | One Child Rule in China |
| | The money collected belongs to the local government and so may sometimes be spent by the same officials who levy the fines. | | | As townspeople, they were supposed to be content with one, but a little determination and a little more cash now win permission from local officials for one more. | | | It is that image of China that has provoked strong objection from religious and political groups in the United States, where thousands of Chinese apply for political asylum each year by asserting that being limited to one child is a form of political persecution. |
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http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/chinpop.htm
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| | Sun.Star Davao - Lee: One child policy |
| | Any extra child would be punished by financial sanctions and various other penalties. | | | Plus, there is usually the extra unmarried aunt or uncle who dotes on this same child in lieu of their own. | | | There is another term that can be applied to these new generation of children: spoiled brats. |
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http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/dav/2002/11/15/oped/kelvin.lee.html
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| | IPA NY Voices That Must Be Heard |
| | While the Real ID Act [which recently passed the House] may make it more difficult for foreign citizens to apply for political asylum, immigration lawyers point out that some long-standing problems are actually more damaging. | | | Jiang then petitioned to reopen his case arguing that having two children would make him punishable under China’s One Child Policy if he were deported. | | | James Yerman, an immigration lawyer, said that every immigration lawyer knows that the same case could be resolved differently with each different judge. |
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http://www.indypressny.org/article.php3?ArticleID=1928
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| | Features: One child policy |
| | Some wealthier couples are choosing to have more than one child and pay the penalty, which varies depending on the locality. | | | The biggest impact has been in the cities, because exceptions to the restriction were granted to rural families who needed an extra pair of hands to till the land. | | | Li Guijun, who is a teacher at the Beijing Central Art Academy and the father of Yide, the young movie aficionado, sees the products of China's one-child policy as they move through his classroom. |
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http://www.cyc-net.org/features/ft-onechild.html
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| | Free Essay China's One Child Policy |
| | (Wang 1995:34) Immediately after the policy was enforced, infanticide was introduced. | | | The one child policy, although not formally written into law consisted of three main points. | | | The family name must be carried on and the only way to do this is through a male. |
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http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=27595
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| | China Virtual Tour - Lesson Plan: China's One Child Policy |
| | Students require access to copies of the extract 'One Child Policy'. | | | Ask students to prepare a written argument which assesses the value of a One Child Policy in China and in other countries such as Australia. | | | Ask students to use the Internet or other resources to find other opinions about the policy. |
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http://www.asiaeducation.edu.au/china/virtual/lesson/onechild.htm
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| | Telegraph News China's one-child policy fines rise |
| | The penalty for couples who have a second child without permission will rise from twice combined income to eight times, while peasants with extra children will be subject to an annual social levy. | | | 14 June 1998: Defector reveals the horror China's one-child law | | | A Chinese province that angered President George W Bush by carrying out forced abortions under the draconian one-child policy, has raised fines for second children to eight times an offending couple's annual income. |
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/07/30/wchi30.xml
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| | China’s One-Child Policy |
| | Many, if not most, of these procedures were performed on women who submitted only under duress. | | | The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has supported the one-child policy in China from 1979. | | | I leave it to the following witness to lay out the details of the coercion, forced abortions, and forced sterilizations which she has documented in a region of China which the UNFPA has claimed is free of such abuses. |
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http://www.pop.org/main.cfm?EID=699
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| | China's one-child policy is crumbling |
| | Unfortunately, fate has little to do with justice, meaning that it is usually the innocent that pay for the mistakes of the powerful. | | | These facts are beginning to persuade some officials that the one-child policy should be completely abandoned. | | | Because central planned states have no negative feedback mechanisms. |
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http://www.brookesnews.com/041511zhang.html
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| | Challenging the one-child policy |
| | The government adopted the law granting citizens the right to make an "informed choice" in family planning, and in recent years it has moved toward a system of economic rewards for couples with only one child and fines or fees for those with more. | | | the one-child policy is there for a reason. | | | Maybe the Republicans can donate some lawyers to the Chinese gov't to stop it! |
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http://www.worldmagblog.com/blog/archives/017388.html
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| | CHINA: one child policy |
| | Those willing to pay fines can have more. | | | Does the policy work and is it necessary? | | | In The Chinese, he points out that the PRC birthrate problem may actually be no better than of India, which does not have such a coercive policy. |
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http://www.stanford.edu/group/wais/China/china_onechildpolicy22302.html
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| | U.S.: Infanticide and Forced Abortions Rampant in China |
| | Dewey added, however, that "China's birth-planning law and policies retain harshly coercive elements in law and practice." | | | This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | | | In 2002, under strong U.S. pressure, Beijing enacted a national law aimed at standardizing birth-control policies and reducing corruption and coercion. |
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http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/12/15/112856.shtml
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| | One child policy - definition of One child policy in Encyclopedia |
| | The policy has been enforced at time through the use of involuntary sterilizations and abortions. | | | Additional children would result in fines, or more frequently the families would be required to pay fees for public services such as education for the children that otherwise would be free. | | | The one-child policy is the current birth control policy of the People's Republic of China. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/One_child_policy
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| | Asia-Russia |
| | Couple Fined $94,000 For One-Child Policy Lapse (www.chinadaily.com.cn) | | | Unfortunately, birth rates are still lower than the government would like, which is why a more far-reaching relaxation of the policy is being considered, according to Xinhua, China’s state news agency. | | | It is time for Beijing to take action and to heed the example of places like Shanghai, while denouncing the actions of the authorities in provinces such as Shenzhen. |
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http://unix.dfn.org/ChinasOneChildPolicy.shtml
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| | The one-child policy: an analysis |
| | Another social cost of The One-Child policy is the use of governmental force and abortions to limit population growth. | | | The One-Child Policy is an excellent case study for analyzing how a change in the population and crude birth rates changes per capita income. | | | Revisionism dictates that The One-Child Policy will either have no effect on economic variables or that the government chose the wrong policy to increase economic growth. |
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http://www.lclark.edu/~econ/China.htm
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| | NEJM -- China's One-Child Family Policy |
| | All that is necessary for the draconian policy | | | The authors reply: We agree that the one-child policy is a violation | | | Few Chinese see the policy as a human-rights violation. |
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http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/354/8/877
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| | The Epoch Times China Plans to Change Its One-Child Policy |
| | TAIPEI -- China’s stringent one-child policy is being re-evaluated after 20 years of enforcement. | | | One of the main reasons for relaxing the one-child policy is that China is experiencing severe aging problems which have caused a growing burden for the government. | | | Every year, the age of eligible women will decrease by one year. |
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http://english.epochtimes.com/news/4-11-6/24206.html
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| | Family.org - China Codifies 'One Child' Policy |
| | Pro-lifers say the formalization guarantees more forced abortions and other abuses at a time when the United States is increasing trade relations with the giant nation. | | | Please contact President Bush and ask him to draw a line against supporting a program — the United Nations Population Fund — which is even tied to China's one-child policy. | | | Support this effort to promote the family in the public policy arena. |
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http://www.family.org/cforum/fnif/news/a0019223.cfm
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| | WowEssays.com - Chinas One Child Policy |
| | The policy is like this; a mother may only have only one child, if the child is born with a serious disability (and would be unable to support the family in their old age) or if the child dies, then they are allowed to have another child. | | | China is a communist country; which means every one has equal rights, services and an equal amount of work. | | | If they are following the law, and they maintain a one hundred percent one child rate of birth then the whole group receives extra benefits. |
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http://www.wowessays.com/dbase/ae4/smr117.shtml
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| | -Interim,October 2000 China's one child policy |
| | This is the brutal enforcement of China's barbaric one-child policy. | | | He hid the baby but when the family returned home, five government officers were waiting. | | | The Post said pro-life and pro-choice views should "converge" on the issue because "there is no 'reproductive choice' involved when the government orders a baby to be killed against a mother's wishes." The Post said while China may not officially "prescribe" infanticide it "does encourage it." |
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http://www.theinterim.com/2000/oct/14china.html
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| | China One Child Policy |
| | An example of the harshness of China's population control laws is the case of one woman who was pregnant with her second child. | | | In China, married couples are only allowed to have one child; the policy that states this is called the One Child Policy. | | | The One Child Policy exists because there is a need for China to decrease the growth in it's population. |
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http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/kane97/P6/eep6/eep6.html
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| | NOVA World in the Balance Population Campaigns PBS |
| | Families that violate the rule where it is most strictly enforced face mandatory abortions and severe financial penalties, while single-child couples throughout the country are entitled to better child care, preferential housing assignments, and cash bonuses. | | | In the 1970s, the government declared a population "state of emergency," began implementing forced sterilizations in the nation's poorest regions, and even rewarded medical workers who performed the most operations. | | | China's Communist Party first implemented the "one child" rule—perhaps the best-known population policy in the world—in the 1970s amidst growing concerns over whether the famine-prone country could continue to feed its skyrocketing population. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalance/campaigns.html
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| | BBC News ASIA-PACIFIC China steps up 'one child' policy |
| | Backed by the punitive sanctions, the 'one child' policy has generally worked in the cities. | | | Critics of the policy maintain it has led in some case to the killing of female infants because of the traditional preference for boys. | | | We cannot just be content with the current success, we must make population control a permanent policy |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/941511.stm
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| | Foreign Correspondent - 02/08/2005: China - One Child Policy |
| | Many families have suffered greatly under the policy, from forced abortions, political coercion and heavy fines. | | | As a result of the policy, China is also becoming a nation of children without siblings. | | | The policy has also given birth to an alarming imbalance between the sexes. |
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http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2005/s1423772.htm
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| | China’s one-child policy at Bank Street Theater |
| | Most people thought for years that it was for the common good. | | | “In the early days of the policy, families who had money — and farmers generally had money, you have to remember that Mao was a farmer — could get away with it, have more than one child, by paying huge amounts. | | | Then a national census revealed there were too many children, and in 1978 the one-child policy was installed by official proclamation.” |
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http://www.thevillager.com/vilager_26/chinasonechild.html
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| | China Virtual Tour - One Child Policy |
| | For example, there has been stricter enforcement of the policy in urban areas than in rural areas. | | | Later that same year, the government decided that the population should be held at 1.4 billion by the year 2010. | | | Because the One Child Policy is implemented and monitored by local and provincial authorities, it has been applied differently across the nation. |
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http://www.asiaeducation.edu.au/china/virtual/lesson/gilligan.htm
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| | China Admits its Girl Shortage Caused by One Child Policy is a "Major Threat" |
| | Authorities contend there are no plans to scrap the one-child policy, although an easing of restrictions has occurred in some areas. | | | In Beijing, for example, divorced couples who remarry can try to have a second child. | | | Zhang Weiqing, National Population and Family Planning Commission Minister, wants a measure imposed to stop the disproportion in gender. |
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http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2004/may/04051107.html
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| | Background to China Adoption - One Child Policy - |
| | Couples who violate the One Child Policy are subject to fines (equal to three years’ salary!), community ostracism, and even jail time. | | | The world's fourth largest country (after, Russia, Canada, and the U.S.), China is the nation most people turn to when they decide international adoption is the right way to build their family. | | | The population growth from this edict led the government in the 1970s to be worried that China would be unable to feed her citizens. |
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http://china.adoption.com/chinese/china-adoption-background.html
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| | CBBC Newsround World China's one child policy |
| | She also reckons being an only child is difficult. | | | But the government do say the population is stabilising, and in a few years they might let people have more than one child. | | | There are other problems with the one child policy. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4320000/newsid_4329500/4329525.stm
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| | A One-Child Policy |
| | Do you think foreign aid should be made conditional on the recipient's birth control policies? | | | People will fight the one child prescription as being an infringement of their personal rights. | | | There are any number of contrary forces out there to stand against the logic of HALVING - religious, nationalistic, commercial, libertarian, political and, the most powerful adversary to population Dismantlement of all, human nature. |
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http://www.dismantle.org/halving.htm
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| | China's one-child policy comes of age |
| | The results of her study will be published in a forthcoming book, Only Hope: Coming of Age Under China's One-Child Policy. | | | HOME > Society > Articles > China's one-child policy comes of age | | | When the Chinese government dictated that families limit themselves to one child each, it was a huge change: Chinese women averaged six births a piece in 1970, and parents traditionally relied on a large number of offspring to provide an economic security blanket. |
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http://researchmatters.harvard.edu/story.php?article_id=767§ion=society
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| | City of Stoke on Trent VI Form College Geog. |
| | For further details of the One Child Policy and it's implications see the following links: | | | - projections of the way that the One Child Policy is affecting Population Structure | | | - two Official Sites from China and really worth a look to see the "basic facts behind the policy and population data" |
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http://www.geocities.com/geogsoc2000/china.htm
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