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Topic: Planned economy

Ads by Google      Gift economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia One of the possible benefits of a gift economy (which it has in common with some planned economies) is that it can provide for the needs of some who have no current means with which to reciprocate. A gift economy is sometimes referred to as a "sharing economy," although many economists reserve the term "sharing" for the use of a single resource by more than one consumer, such as a commons, a public library, or a shared car. A gift economy is an economic system in which the prevalent mode of exchange is for goods and services to be given without explicit agreement upon a quid pro quo, or the concept of "a favor for a favor" in the Latin language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_economy   (3185 words)      At Cold War's End: US Intelligence on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 1989-1991 The Intelligence Community recorded the Soviet economy's stagnation and decline in the 1980s, and anticipated the failures of perestroika and the break-up of the USSR in a timely and accurate manner, even though the message was not always welcome. The Soviets considered their revolution both the heir to and a superior version of the French Revolution of 1789 because it had solved the problem of class in-equality by eliminating private property and the irrationality of the business cycle by replacing the market with the plan. Based on an assessment of planned reductions in force levels, defense spending, and military procurement, the Estimate concluded that a 25-year period of continuous growth in Soviet ground forces had ended, that reductions beyond those already announced were possible, and that a "resumption of growth. http://www.cia.gov/csi/books/19335/art-1.html   (16863 words)      SOVIET UNION: "SORT OF SOCIALISM" AFTER PERESTROIKA The soviet political economy, after Perestroika, wills neither be a centrally planned command economy nor a privatised market one, but "a sort of socialism", according to a leading soviet personality involved in Perestroika. It would not be a completely unregulated market, but enterprises would be free to buy and sell and make free choice of clients, and the economy would be open to foreign competition through imports and joint ventures. The Soviet Union sought an "open economy" where foreign economic relations grow faster than incomes and GNP- with foreign trade growing 1.2 times faster than the GNP. http://www.sunsonline.org/trade/areas/develope/11290089.htm   (1311 words)      Soviet Economic Decline: Did an Oil Crisis Cause the Transition in the Soviet Union? Considering the West's experience, there would be no way for the planned economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union not to have had even bigger recessions during the period 1988 to 1995-when they saw an even bigger reduction of their oil supply-than the west had in the 1970's and 1980's. They freed their economies, however, it was virtually impossible-not to mention hypocritical-to follow the tenets of any communist ideology with government ownership of everything and then suddenly change to a free market economy. It's just that Soviet natural resources are subject to the same laws of geology and supply that the US is. Incentives such as career advancement or even selling oil on the black market all combined to induce the Soviets to find and produce as much oil as possible and it did. http://www.hubbertpeak.com/reynolds/SovietDecline.htm   (7668 words)      UN and Global Political Economy , The He is author of The Labour Party and the Planned Economy, 1931–1951 (2003) and co-author, with Jamie Miller, of Cripps versus Clayton (forthcoming). A dramatic account of the UN's struggle over how best to understand severe inequities in the global economy. He has also worked as a British civil servant, as the director of a private consultancy company, and as a director of the United Nations Committee on Trade and Development. http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress/books/0-253-34411-5.shtml   (7668 words)      Brief Faculty Bio He taught courses in micro economics, Soviet and Russian economic history, socialist economic systems, comparative economic systems and problems of transition of centrally planned economies to markets. The Second Economy and the Destabilization Effect of Its Growth on the State Economy in the Soviet Union, 1965-1989 Treml is the author of several books and numerous papers focusing on the Soviet economy, and has also edited two series of "Occasional Papers" published at Duke. http://www.econ.duke.edu/Econ/Faculty/Users/vtreml.html   (304 words)      The Modern Market Economy and the Rule of Law At a deeper level, the core of a market economy is a free enterprise system, while the essence of a planned economy is state ownership of firms. One difference between a market economy and a planned economy lies in the mechanism of resource allocation: a market economy relies on market prices to allocate resources, whereas a planned economy uses administrative commands of planned quantities. One of the most important distinctions that separate a bad market economy from a good one is that, in a bad market economy, there exists an unhealthy relationship between the state and the economic agents (including business enterprises) due to the absence of the rule of law. http://www.oycf.org/Perspectives/5_043000/modern_market_economy_and_the_ru.htm   (2820 words)      Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Under a planned economy, neither unemployment nor idle production facilities should exist beyond minimal levels, and the economy should develop in a stable manner, unimpeded by inflation or recession. To stress the centralized character of planned economies and to contrast the term with the economic planning required in any rational economy, a more specific term, centrally planned economy, is also used. In a planned economy, economic decisions are made by planners, who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be allocated. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_economy   (2820 words)      Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Most planned economies were implemented by states that called themselves socialist but not all socialist governments have established or even attempted to establish a planned economy. A planned economy is an economic system in which government decisions are made by central state economic managers who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be priced and allocated, and may include state ownership of the means of production. A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_economy   (1076 words)      Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Planned economies implemented by the way of authority, such as the economy of the Soviet Union, have become widely known as command economies. A planned economy eliminates the dependence of production on individual profit motives, which may not in themselves provide for all society's needs. A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_economy   (1106 words)      LAWSO 160 Keywords: Planned (Command) Economy (14) It can be seen that the planned economy in the end was not as prosperous or as efficient as is a free market economy, and that non-western systems will have to conform in order to survive in the end. With a planned economy, each person was given just enough to live off of, which cut the gap out of the class system. One thing that I find fault in what Marx wrote was that a planned economy is, “the public ownership of the means of production” (Encyclopedia Americana, V. 9), which I believe is wrong because only the government had control over production, it was the public that had to deal with it. http://home.earthlink.net/~garrickl/KEY_14.htm   (593 words)      The myth of shareholder capitalism and why large corporations are harmful This suggests that either a centrally planned economy or a capitalist economy dominated by small companies, must be better than an economy dominated by large corporations. Most of those running large corporations would agree that a free market economy is more efficient than a centrally planned economy. However large corporations share, in miniature, many of the characteristics of a centrally planned state as they are themselves centrally planned. http://www.ptz.com/c/a00005.html   (593 words)      Serebella: Index - Planform to Planquery Planform Planigale Planigale ingrami Planigale maculata Planigalinae Planing Planisphere Planitia Planitiae Plank Plank's constant PLANKALKUEL Plankalkül Plankinton, South Dakota Plankowner Planktology Plankton Plankton (character) Planned cities Planned city Planned community Planned economy Planned Economy Planned language Planned obsolescence Planned obsolescence (business) Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood of America Planned Parenthood v. http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/level2.php?start1=340000&start2=2450   (50 words)      Serebella: Index - Planform to Planquery Planform Planigale Planigale ingrami Planigale maculata Planigalinae Planing Planisphere Planitia Planitiae Plank Plank's constant PLANKALKUEL Plankalkül Plankinton, South Dakota Plankowner Planktology Plankton Plankton (character) Planned cities Planned city Planned community Planned economy Planned Economy Planned language Planned obsolescence Planned obsolescence (business) Planned Parenthood Planned Parenthood of America Planned Parenthood v. http://www.serebella.com/encyclopedia/level2.php?start1=340000&start2=2450   (50 words)      SPP207 The existence of a second economy compensating for some faults of the planned economy has been a contributing factor in the non-violent transformation of the Hungarian economy. This paper addresses two related questions: How has the transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy affected the second economy and how has the second economy influenced the transformation? The social impact of the informal economy is also different, increasing income inequality and regional disparities, thus replacing the graduations of social differences found in the multi-coloured activities of the second economy with sharper black and white differences. http://www.cspp.strath.ac.uk/abs207.html   (50 words)      Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A planned economy is an economic system in which government decisions are made by central state economic managers who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be priced and allocated, and may include state ownership of the means of production. Nevertheless, a planned economy should not be seen as a necessary element of socialism. A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_economy   (50 words)      Glossary of Terms: Pl Planned economy simply means the extension of proletarian (participatory) democracy to all spheres of life. Planned economy means the conscious organisation of the productive activity of all members of society, in contrast to all human history hitherto and the normal condition of bourgeois society in which people’s activity and the division of social labour is governed as if by superhuman forces like Adam Smith& “invisible hand” or Hegel’s Absolute Spirit: The notion of planned economy that the working class aspires to today would be very different from the type of “command economy” implemented by Stalin in the Soviet Union or even that envisioned by Trotsky. http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/p/l.htm   (1458 words)      Gift economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The concept of a gift economy stands in contrast to a planned economy or a commodity -based economy (a category embracing both a market economy and barter economy). One of the benefits of a gift economy (which it has in common with a planned economy) is that it can provide for the needs of those who have no current means with which to reciprocate. A gift economy is sometimes referred to as a "sharing economy", although many economists reserve the term " sharing " for the use of a single resource by more than one consumer, such as a commons, a public library, or a shared car. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_economy   (1458 words)      4 Free Essays A centrally planned economy is certain to meet everyone's basic needs, there are no monopolies allowed, no supply and demand wheel affects the economy, good values of equality and sharing are taught, and a central economy looks ahead at the 'big picture' and makes sure that there is a balance in society. In a centrally planned economy, there are no legal monopolies because the government interferes for the sake of public good. This is an example of the contrasts of the market economy and the centrally planned economy. http://www.4freeessays.com/essays/1625.shtml   (1458 words)      Planned economy - encyclopedia article about Planned economy. Nevertheless, a planned economy should not be seen as a necessary element of socialism Socialism is an ideology with the core belief that a society should exist in which popular collectives control the means of power, and therefore the means of production. As such, the stability of a planned economy has implications with the Theory of the firm The theory of the firm consists of a number of economic theories which describe the nature of the firm (company or corporation), including its behaviour and its relationship with the market. A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Planned+economy   (2720 words)      Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. In a planned economy, economic decisions are made by planners, who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be allocated. Under a planned economy, neither unemployment nor idle production facilities should exist beyond minimal levels, and the economy should develop in a stable manner, unimpeded by inflation or recession. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_economy   (2720 words)      Planned economy - encyclopedia article about Planned economy. Most planned economies were implemented by states that called themselves socialist but not all socialist governments have established or even attempted to establish a planned economy. A planned economy is an economic system in which decisions about the production, allocation and consumption of goods and services is planned ahead of time, in either a centralized or decentralized fashion. A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Planned+economy   (2531 words)      Planned economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A planned economy is an economic system in which government decisions are made by central state economic managers who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce and how they are to be priced and allocated, and may include state ownership of the means of production. A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. A palace economy may be considered as a subsistence economy augmented with elements of command economy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_economy   (2531 words)      The Economic Spectrum Neither a pure market economy nor a pure centrally-planned economy exist in real life. Which are most similar to a market economy and which are closest to a planned economy? These differences are caused by the different responses that each economy has to the problem of scarcity. http://www.ucalgary.ca/~jwhunter/Social9/lesson8.htm   (172 words)      JIAN-MING ZHOU, EUI Working Paper ECO No. 98/12 - full text In Cambodia, agricultural cooperatives under the rigid centrally planned economy were replaced in 1979 by krom samaki (solidarity groups), each composed of 10-15 households, with three different classes. But China has pursued a third way between the centrally planned economy and free market system, implemented a mixed economy of governments, village and households, and consequently succeeded in solving the above-mentioned dilemma by both preventing new landlessness in the low wage economy and controlling inefficient land-holding in the high wage economy. However, Hayami does not note a dilemma: certain strongly enforced regulations or conditions in the land transaction market in the low wage economy may become a source of inefficient land-holding in the high wage economy; but without them, newly landless would appear in the low wage economy. http://www.iue.it/ECO/WP-Texts/98_12.html   (172 words)      Replying to Mandell and Finger So it is necessary in a sensibly Centrally Planned Socialist economy to have various techniques for amassing accurate information about tastes, preferences, and productive possibilities. One can have, in a centrally planned economy, many methods for bringing the will and opinion of the public to the attention of planners. Put another way, the sector of planners and administrators that rises to dominance over the economy in Centrally Planned Socialism needn't be a political elite and needn't carry out its functions through a political state apparatus. http://www.zmag.org/replying.htm   (172 words)      Planned Economy, Page 1 In a "planned economy" power must become arbitrary, in that, the "planners" must not be obstructed by fundamental rules of law. Inevitably, the powers to direct a planned economy must be delegated to others. Also, those in the press during the 1930's realized that the implementation of the New Deal was creating a planned economy. http://www.restoreliberty.com/plannedpg1.htm   (2192 words)      Mises, Socialism, Appendix and Epilogue: Library of Economics and Liberty This mistake is all the more astonishing as the very name "planned economy" and all the arguments brought forward to support it stress particularly that the economic direction would be unitary. without noticing that the planned economy, completely and logically carried through, is tradeless and that what might be called buying and selling should, according to its nature, be described quite otherwise. But when this state of all-round control of business is achieved, the market economy has been replaced by a system of planned economy, by socialism. http://www.econlib.org/library/Mises/msSApp.html   (16916 words)      Centrally Planned Economy in the Former USSR essays The Centrally Planned Economy in the former Soviet Union Introduction In October of 1917, the world saw Lenin and the Bolsheviks take power in Russia, Lenin did not however have exact economic plans for Russia since Marx never provided a “blueprint” for a communist state and its economy. All land became state owned and the market system was substituted with a centrally planned economy (CPE) or a command economy. Centrally Planned Economy in the Former USSR essays http://www.megaessays.com/viewpaper/4452.html   (16916 words)      IHT: Metamorphosis: From centrally planned to market economy At breakneck speed, the country is moving from a centrally planned and rigidly controlled style of government to a market-oriented economy, where regional authorities are given greater autonomy and workers must find their own jobs. IHT: Metamorphosis: From centrally planned to market economy ‘‘In the 1990s, the city experienced a huge amount of reform, as it moved from a planned economy to a market economy,’’ says Liu. http://www.iht.com/articles/85841.html   (16916 words)

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