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| | Article Five of the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | However, four proposed amendments submitted to the states by Congress remain pending for ratification: Article One of the original Bill of Rights (proposed in 1789), the Titles of Nobility Amendment (proposed in 1810), the Corwin Amendment (proposed in 1861) and the Child Labor Amendment (proposed in 1924). | | | For example, New Mexico provides, by state law, that the members of its legislature be the delegates at such a state ratification convention, thereby skirting the occasional sentiment that persons other than state lawmakers should consider the ratification of a particular proposed Federal constitutional amendment. | | | After being officially proposed, a constitutional amendment must then be ratified by the legislatures of, or by conventions in, at least three-fourths of the states. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution
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| | LANDMINES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: RATIFICATION AND NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION, Landmine Monitor Report 1999 |
| | As in the case of ratification, the Ottawa Convention requires that an instrument of accession be deposited with the depositary. | | | As in the case of ratification, the Ottawa Convention requires that instruments of acceptance or approval be deposited with the depositary. | | | The term ‘ratification’ is sometimes confused with the process by which a treaty formally enters into force following a state’s ratification, generally by the exchange or deposit of an instrument of ratification by the state concerned. |
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http://www.icbl.org/lm/1999/appendices/international_law.html
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| | Ratification of international labour standards |
| | On receipt, ratifications of ILO Conventions are registered by the Director-General, notified to all member States of the ILO, and communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. | | | Ratifications cannot be accompanied by reservations: in other words a government is not allowed to pick and choose at its own discretion among the articles of a Convention which it undertakes to apply. | | | The important thing is, of course, that the document in question clearly indicates that it constitutes the formal undertaking by a State to give effect to a specified Convention or Conventions and that it is signed by someone with authority to act on behalf of the State concerned. |
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http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/howused/ratific.htm
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| | United Health Care Services, Case 13-RD-2174 |
| | The Board stated that the requisite ratification occurred when the membership granted their approval and it was immaterial that the Employer may not have been notified of the ratification prior to its attempt to revoke its contract offer. | | | The Union, however, contends that ratification by members was not required and that once the National president approved the agreement on November 4, it was ratified pursuant to its procedures and valid. | | | According, to concurring opinion, the prohibition against employer’s question the ratification procedures applies to the self imposed ratification procedures but not to procedures required as part of an express agreement between a union and an employer. |
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http://www.nlrb.gov/nlrb/shared_files/decisions/326/326-144.htm
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| | Legal Definition of Ratification |
| | The ratification of a lawful contract has a retrospective effect, and binds the principal from its date, and not only from the time of the ratification, for the ratification is equivalent to an original authority, according to the maxim, that omnis ratihabitio mandate aeguiparatur. | | | The ratification must be voluntary, deliberate, and intelligent, and the party must know that without it, he would not be bound. | | | But having once ratified the act, upon a full knowledge of all the material circumstances, the ratification cannot be revoked or recalled, and the principal becomes bound as if he had originally authorized the act. |
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http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/q009.htm
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| | ELS - ERD - Law By Country - United States Substantive Law - Constitution of the United States |
| | After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. | | | Publication of the certifying statement of the Archivist of the United States that the amendment had become valid was made on May 18, 1992, F.R. Doc. | | | In a number of cases, the journals of the State legislatures are not available. |
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http://www.law.emory.edu/FEDERAL/usconst/amend.html
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| | B-32: AMERICAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS "PACT OF SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA" |
| | And Whereas ratification of or adherence to the Convention shall be made by the deposit of an instrument of ratification or adherence with the General Secretariat of the Organisation of American States. | | | In the instrument of ratification dated August 14, 1984, and deposited with the General Secretariat of the OAS on September 5, 1984, the Government of Argentina recognizes the competence of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and on the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. | | | The instrument of ratification was received at the General Secretariat of the OAS on May 25, 1978, with a reservation. |
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http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/Sigs/b-32.html
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| | History |
| | As the amendment approached the necessary ratification by three-quarters of the states, the threat of rescission surfaced. | | | As of 2002, ratification bills testing this three-state strategy have been introduced in one or more legislative sessions in five states (Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Virginia), and supporters are seeking to move such bills in all 15 of the unratified states. | | | Under this rationale, it is likely that Congress could choose to legislatively adjust or repeal the existing time limit constraint on the ERA, determine whether or not state ratifications after the expiration of a time limit in a proposing clause are valid, and promulgate the ERA after the 38th state ratifies. |
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http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/era.htm
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| | Ratification of Constitutional Amendments - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net |
| | However an amendment is proposed, it does not become part of the Constitution unless it is ratified by three-quarters of the states (either the legislatures thereof, or in amendment conventions). | | | Note that the number of states required for ratification increased through history - some amendments, then, required more states at the time of ratification than they needed at the time of proposal. | | | Article 5 of the Constitution provides for the amendment of the Constitution by various means (see The Amendments Page for details). |
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http://www.usconstitution.net/constamrat.html
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| | Constitutional Topic: Ratification Conventions - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net |
| | Two methods for ratification are provided - by three-fourths of the state legislatures or by three-fourths of the states in convention. | | | The persons selected must agree to be placed on the ballot - 14 of whom are opposed to ratification, 14 or whom are in favor. | | | Each state, then, has differing procedures for the calling and holding of their ratification conventions. |
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http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_acon.html
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| | Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General- TREATY I-XXIII--1.asp |
| | The Government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria states that for the submission of such a dispute to the International Court of Justice for a decision, the preliminary consent of all parties to the dispute is needed. | | | The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands notes that the articles 11, 12 and 25 of the Convention are being made subject to a general reservation referring to the contents of existing legislation in Peru. | | | While not objecting to the entry into force of the Convention between Sweden and such a State, the Swedish Government considers that their treaty relations will not include either the procedural provision in respect of which a reservation has been made or the substantive provisions to which that procedural provision relates. |
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http://untreaty.un.org/ENGLISH/bible/englishinternetbible/partI/chapterXXIII/treaty1.asp
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| | RATIFICATION |
| | The salaries of the executive and judicial and all other officers of this state, who may be holding office at the time of the ratification of this Constitution, and the payment of the present members of the general assembly, shall not be affected by the provisions of this Constitution. | | | All indictments which have been found, or which may hereafter be found, for any crime or offense committed before the ratification of this Constitution, shall be proceeded upon in the same manner as if this Constitution had not been ratified. | | | In order that no injury or inconvenience may arise from the alterations and amendments made by this Constitution to the existing Constitution of this state, and to carry this Constitution into effect, it is hereby ordained and declared: |
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http://www.legislature.state.al.us/CodeOfAlabama/Constitution/1901/CA-245842.htm
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| | Multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General- TREATY I-XVIII--10.asp |
| | For each State ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. | | | Accordingly, it does not consider itself bound to resort to arbitration as a means of dispute settlement, and does not recognize the binding jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. | | | For each State ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.". |
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http://untreaty.un.org/ENGLISH/bible/englishinternetbible/partI/chapterXVIII/treaty10.asp
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| | Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court - Ratifications |
| | "In connection with the deposit of its instrument of ratification of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and, with regard to the war crimes specified in | | | Spain declares its willingness to accept at the appropriate time, persons sentenced by the International Criminal Court, provided that the duration of the sentence does not exceed the maximum stipulated for any crime under Spanish law. | | | of self-government through an act of self-determination under the Charter of the United Nations, this ratification shall not extend to Tokelau unless and |
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http://www.un.org/law/icc/statute/status.htm
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| | Moscow's START II Ratification: Problems and Prospects |
| | A few voices were raised in favor of reopening its text for formal amendments, but the general feeling was that amendments should be avoided and that improvements could be made through protocols to the treaty and by unilateral reservations or statements. | | | They present strong cases on a number of grounds, including what they see as the unequal and burdensome terms imposed on Russia: a perception that the treaty is asymmetrical, favoring the United States strategically while imposing inordinate financial burdens on Russia as it implements the treaty. | | | Russia also had concerns that the treaty provision allowing either side to reorient strategic bombers to conventional roles (an option that as a practical matter would be available only to the United States) could be used to circumvent the treaty. |
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http://www.policyarchitects.org/articles/ACT.article1.html
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| | CNN.com - 'We the people ...' - Jun 18, 2004 |
| | Knowing that requiring unanimous ratification from the states carried a huge risk for failure, the delegates agreed that only nine of the 13 states had to ratify the Constitution for it to become legal. | | | A promise of a national Bill of Rights and pro-Constitution articles later known as the Federalist Papers helped spur official ratification, although the vote remained close in many states. | | | But even getting nine states to give the Constitution the green light was far from certain, according to Linda Monk, author of the Constitution explainer "The Words We Live By." The lack of a Bill of Rights kept many states dragging their feet on ratification. |
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http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/06/18/constitution.ratified
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| | Ratification Project |
| | The mandate of the Ratification of the Constitution project is to collect and publish the documentary record of the debate over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights between 1787 and 1791. | | | The project staff has searched hundreds of libraries, historical societies, and other possible sources throughout the United States and Europe for documents written by members of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Confederation Congress, the thirteen state legislatures that called ratifying conventions, members of those ratifying conventions, and by other contemporaries. | | | About the Ratification of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights |
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http://adh.sc.edu/mepinfo/RatConst/ratibase.htm
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| | International Humanitarian Law - Additional Protocol I 1977 |
| | 3707 Preparing for ratification can in fact be accompanied by the development of measures for the execution of the obligations such as | | | On the other hand, ratification commits the State, which must henceforth comply with the obligations contained in | | | 3711 The instrument of ratification must also mention any reservations and declarations that may be made and, if the question arises, |
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http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/b466ed681ddfcfd241256739003e6368/09a107f4dcee056ac12563cd004382e6?OpenDocument
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| | Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT): Russian Ratification of the CTBT |
| | The action of the Russian Duma, following immediately upon the ratification of [START II]...brings the number of nuclear-weapon states ratifying the CTBT to three along with France and the United Kingdom. | | | Russia will join France and the UK as nuclear-weapon state parties. | | | The Secretary-General takes this opportunity both as Secretary-General of the United Nations and in his capacity as Depositary of the Treaty to urge those states that have still not signed and/or ratified the Treaty to do so as expeditiously as possible." |
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http://www.acronym.org.uk/ctbt/ctbduma.htm
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| | CAN Europe: Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol |
| | The act of ratification usually involves formal adoption at country level, meaning approval by the national Parliament and then an official letter to the depository of the treaty, in this case the UN, declaring ratification (click here for UN glossary). | | | Political and legal requirements of EU Member States for ratification | | | List of news pieces on EU council decision to ratify |
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http://www.climnet.org/EUenergy/ratification.htm
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| | EUROPA - Constitution - Interactive Map |
| | The Parliament failed on 5 July to vote on the ratification procedure. | | | Date scheduled: The Parliament failed on 5 July to vote on the ratification procedure. | | | Approval of the Senate on 18 May 2005 |
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http://europa.eu.int/constitution/ratification_en.htm
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| | Ratification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The process of ratifying a constitution is most commonly observed in federations such as the United States or confederations such as the European Union. | | | An important exception is the United States, where treaty ratification requires a two-thirds majority in the U.S. Senate (and the United States House of Representatives does not vote on it at all). | | | The ratification of international treaties follows the same rules as the passing of laws in most democracies. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratification
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| | North Carolina Ratification Convention Debates |
| | The Bill of Rights and Constitution of this state, the Articles of Confederation, the act of Assembly of this state above referred to, and the resolution of Congress of the 28th September last, were accordingly read. | | | It has also had the solemn ratification of ten states in the Union. | | | JAMES GALLOWAY moved that the Constitution Should be discussed clause by clause. |
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http://www.constitution.org/rc/rat_nc.htm
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| | Constitution - Ratification |
| | To date, 13 member states have already ratified the Treaty, either by parliamentary procedures or by referendum, 2 countries have expressed their rejection and the remaining member states either have their process on hold or they still have not decide the ratification procedure. | | | more information about the ratification process in the United Kingdom | | | The Bundesrat has ratified the Constitution on 25.05.2005. |
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http://www.unizar.es/euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat.htm
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| | Status of Ratification |
| | The Protocol is subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by Parties to the Convention. | | | As of 27 February 2006, 162 states and regional economic integration organizations have deposited instruments of ratifications, accessions, approvals or acceptances. | | | The text of the Protocol to the UNFCCC was adopted at the third session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997; it was open for signature from 16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999 at United Nations Headquarters, New York. |
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http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/status_of_ratification/items/2613.php
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| | U.S. Bill of Rights Ratification |
| | The original Constitution as submitted to the states for ratification contains some protection for citizens against government tyranny, but not enough to suit the delegates to the state ratification conventions. | | | Only a promise to include these rights enabled a sufficient number of states to ratify it. | | | The Bill of Rights became effective with Virginia's ratification of December 15, 1791, because it constituted at least three-fourths of the 14 states. |
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http://www.mikalac.com/cons/rightsratification.html
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| | Burundi Deposits Instrument of Ratification |
| | He paid tribute to the Republic of Burundi for depositing the instrument and requested AU Member States, which have not done so, to follow the example of Burundi. | | | The Republic of Burundi last Monday deposited the instrument of ratification of the Protocol establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. | | | Phillippe Ntahonkuriye, deposited the instrument of ratification on behalf of his government, thus making Burundi the 10th AU Member State to deposit the instrument of ratification of the Protocol with the Commission of the African Union. |
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http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2003/05/16-05-03/Burundi.htm
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| | Constitution - Ratification |
| | German Bundesrat, Bill regarding the ratification of the European Constitution, 27.05.2005. | | | Until the court has ruled on whether the treaty conforms with the German Grundgesetz, the German President will not complete the ratification process. | | | Nevertheless the German Constitutional court is still considering a legal challenge to the Constitution by opposition politician Peter Gauweiler, who is a member of the conservative Christian Social Union and wants Germany to hold a referendum. |
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http://www.unizar.es/euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_germany.htm
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| | PANNA: POPs Treaty Achieves 50th Ratification |
| | The first meeting of the parties to the Convention will be held within a year of that date. | | | France was the 50th nation to ratify the Stockholm Convention. | | | This benchmark, reached at surprising speed for such a sweeping accord, brings the global agreement into international law. |
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http://www.panna.org/resources/panups/panup_20040218.dv.html
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| | Status of Ratification - Treaties and Ratification - The Ozone Secretariat |
| | (b) The Secretary General, in a communication dated 11 June 2001 notified that New Zealand's ratification of the Beijing Amendment shall have territorial application in respect of Tokelau. | | | R: Ratification Ac: Accession At: Acceptance Ap: Approval Sc: Succession | | | The United Kingdom's ratification of the London Amendment was extended to the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey, the British Antarctic Territory, the British Virgin Islands, and Gibraltar. |
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http://hq.unep.org/ozone/Treaties_and_Ratification/2C_ratificationTable.asp
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| | Trafficking: Amnesty International and Anti-Slavery International call on European States to Ratify the Council of ... |
| | Once the Convention enters into force (after 10 ratifications), the Council of Europe may invite other non-member states to become parties to the Convention. | | | The European Convention against Trafficking is open for signature not only by Council of Europe member states but also the European Community and states not members of the Council of Europe (Canada, the Holy See, Japan, Mexico and the United States) which took part in drawing it up. | | | Amnesty International and Anti-Slavery International together with many other national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have campaigned for enhanced protection of the human rights of victims of trafficking, including throughout the negotiations of this Convention. |
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http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/document.do?id=80256DD400782B848025700000554E28
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| | Treaties and Ratification - The Ozone Secretariat |
| | Governments are not legally bound until they ratify the Protocol as well as the Amendment. | | | Unfortunately, while most governments have ratified the Protocol, ratification of the Amendment and their stronger control measures lag behind. |
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http://www.unep.ch/ozone/Treaties_and_Ratification/index.asp
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| | EPA History - President Reagan on Montreal Protocol Ratification |
| | Early ratification by the United States will encourage similar action by other nations whose participation is also essential. | | | The report of the Department of State is also enclosed for the information of the Senate. | | | United States ratification is necessary for entry into force and effective implementation of the Protocol. |
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http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/montreal/01.htm
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| | U.S. Ratification |
| | The final step in U.S. ratification is the official presentation of the articles of ratification to the others Parties to the Convention, namely other nations that have similarly ratified the agreement. | | | The road to U.S ratification of the POPs Treaty requires the “advice and consent” of two-thirds of the Senate, a special duty set out Article 2, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution.As a matter of policy, the Senate rarely considers treaty ratification until the legal framework is in place to implement our obligations. | | | With these changes in U.S. law and the federal government then able to meet its obligations under the treaty, the Senate Foreign Relation Committee would consider “advice and consent” on ratification of the treaty itself. |
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http://www.uspopswatch.org/ratification
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| | UNICEF - Press centre - UNICEF applauds U.S. ratification of trafficking protocol |
| | The United States becomes the ninety-fifth country to ratify the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, which supplements the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, and entered into force in 2003. | | | The formal instruments of ratification were deposited at the UN last week. | | | These and other efforts are part of UNICEF’s commitment to build a protective environment for children, one which safeguards children from violence, exploitation and abuse before it happens. |
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http://www.unicef.org/media/media_29698.html
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| | The Nineteenth Amendment |
| | Virginia Minor who, in Minor v Happersett, unsuccessfully argued that the 14th Amendment guaranteed women the right to vote. | | | In May, 1919, the necessary two-thirds vote in favor of the women suffrage amendment was finally mustered in Congress, and the proposed amendment was sent to the states for ratification. | | | Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. |
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http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/nineteentham.htm
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| | National Constitution Center - Centuries of Citizenship - Pennsylvania says “Yes!” |
| | “To give the new system its proper validity and energy, a ratification must be obtained from the people and not merely from the ordinary authority of legislatures.” | | | For the first time ever, the people of a nation are being asked to approve their form of government in special ratifying conventions. |
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http://www.constitutioncenter.org/timeline/html/cw02_11910.html
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| | War of the Roses: Nineteenth Amendment Battle in Nashville, TN |
| | Those thirty-nine words comprised the Nineteenth Amendment which, if ratified by thirty-six states, would give women the right to vote. | | | By August 1920, when the issue was to come before the Tennessee State Legislature, the amendment was one state shy of ratification. | | | Indeed, the Anti-Suffragists had good reason to hope that if Tennessee failed to pass the Nineteenth Amendment, the "Perfect Thirty-Six" would never be realized and the law would die. |
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http://www.blueshoenashville.com/suffragehistory.html
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| | Industry Minister Cautions Against WIPO Ratification :: Lex Informatica :: technology.law.society |
| | Among other things, the treaties would require Canada to adopt measures making it illegal to circumvent technological protection measures for copyrighted works and to expand the ability of rightsholders to control the availability of their works on the Internet. | | | Canada's Minister of Industry has cautioned against hasty ratification of the WIPO Internet Treaties. | | | Industry Minister Cautions Against WIPO Ratification :: Lex Informatica :: technology.law.society |
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http://www.lexinformatica.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=47&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0
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| | ekathimerini.com Parliament ratifies new EU Constitution |
| | “On behalf of the European Commission, I welcome with great satisfaction the ratification of the European Constitution by the Greek Parliament,” Vice President Margot Wallstrom said in a statement. | | | Top EU officials in Brussels quickly expressed their pleasure. |
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http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_politics_100057_20/04/2005_55419
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| | [No title] |
| | ninety days after it deposits instrument of ratification, approval, acceptance or accession. | | | This page is updated in the week after the Secretariat is advised by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting in his capacity as depositary, of a new ratification of the Protocol | | | The instrument of ratification by the European Community was accompanied by the following declaration: |
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http://www.biodiv.org/biosafety/signinglist.aspx?sts=rtf&ord=dt
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| | FCTC Ratification Process |
| | Please help by contacting your government to encourage it to sign the FCTC, or if it has already done so, to ratify it. | | | Georgia became a Party on 14 Feb 2006 | | | Use the FCA FCTC Ratification Planning Worksheet which is designed to assist you in developing a strategic plan for achieving FCTC signing and ratification in your country. |
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http://www.fctc.org/treaty/ratification.php
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| | Ratification |
| | You can get new and used United States history textbooks at | | | Ratification was achieved in Virginia only after it was decided to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. | | | Ratification was the process by which the thirteen states studied, debated and finally approved (or rejected) the newly drafted constitution. |
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http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h372.html
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| | Estonia postpones European treaty ratification - Forbes.com |
| | 'The parliaments constitutional affairs committee took the decision in the interests of clarity regarding the legal side of the ratification. | | | 'Ratification cannot take place before the autumn as we need to give more time to the group of experts who are analysing whether the Estonian constitution needs to be changed to allow parliament to approve the EU constitution,' the head of the Estonian parliaments constitutional affairs committee said. | | | TALLINN (AFX) - The Estonian parliament has postponed ratification of the EU constitution until the autumn, officials said, but denied the delay was influenced by the French and Dutch rejection of the text. |
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http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/afx/2005/06/03/afx2075358.html
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| | The Avalon Project : The American Constitution - A Documentary Record |
| | Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Connecticut; January 8, 1788 | | | Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Hampshire; June 21, 1788 | | | Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Rhode Island; May 29, 1790. |
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http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/constpap.htm
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| | The Convention and Agreements |
| | The dates in these lists refer to the dates of the deposit of instruments of ratification, accession or succession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. | | | For your convenience, we provide a concise table presenting the status of the Convention and the two related agreements in pdf format, as well as chronological lists of ratifications, accessions, successions. | | | Go to >> New developments and recent additions to this web site |
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http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_agreements.htm
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| | Ratification |
| | Did it increase your understanding of the issues? | | | When it went to the states for their ratification votes (remember it would take a vote 3/4s of the states to ratify), the debates were intense. | | | Was it helpful to have students actually debate the case for ratification? |
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http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/ratification
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