|
| |
| | adams.html |
 | | Moreover, the core claim of deterrence theory is that defense and deterrence are distinct. | | | and it elaborates offense-defense-deterrence theory in the way that is most compatible with structural-realist theory, facilitating further testing of that theory. | | | The failure to distinguish between defense and deterrence is paradoxical because, as Richard K. Betts explains, deterrence theory contributed greatly to the popularity of offense-defense theory. |
|
http://www.isanet.org/noarchive/adams.html
(8309 words)
|
|
| |
| | 9-06.htm |
| | "Intoxication" is a theory of defense which may be submitted to the jury upon a proper request if there is a foundation in the evidence and if the crime charged is one which has traditionally fallen in the "specific intent" category. | | | 1981) [rape is a general intent offense and intoxication is not a defense]. | | | Voluntary intoxication might serve to negate the required mental element in a crime involving what has historically been termed "specific intent." This is the view the Eighth Circuit has taken for many years. |
|
http://www.are.uscourts.gov/Jury/criminal/9-06.htm
(348 words)
|
|
| |
| | POLITICAL STATUS OF TAIWAN FACTS AND INFORMATION |
| | The ROC legal theory, which is supported by the pan-blue_coalition, suggests that any fundamental constitutional changes would require that the amendment procedure of the ROC constitution be followed. | | | Although the stated purpose of the fleet is not Taiwanese defense, it is safely assumed from past actions that that is one of the reasons why the fleet is stationed in those waters. | | | In 1999, President Lee_Teng-hui proposed a two-states theory (or a special state-to-state relations theory) in which both the ROC and PRC would be considered separate states with a special diplomatic, cultural and historic relationship, and gained immense support within Taiwan. |
|
http://www.brolgas.com/political_status_of_Taiwan
(4521 words)
|
|
| |
| | Court TV Online - T R I A L S - MATTHEW SHEPARD MURDER TRIAL |
| | LARAMIE, Wyo. (Court TV) — Noting that state law does not address the so-called "gay panic" defense, the presiding judge in Matthew Shepard murder trial suggested Wednesday that he may bar Aaron McKinney's lawyers from presenting that theory to jurors. | | | Judge Voigt said that unless McKinney's lawyers find a state law that would allow this strategy, he would bar the defense from presenting evidence about the gay panic theory. | | | But on Wednesday, Judge Barton Voigt told defense attorney Dion Custis outside the presence of the jury that he found no provisions in state law that allow him to present a gay panic defense. |
|
http://www.courttv.com/archive/trials/mckinney/102799_ctv.html
(631 words)
|
|
| |
| | Kennedy1.doc |
| | The contract theory being gutted by this is the enforceability of inadequate consideration, and the defense of duress, which requires the overbearing of the will, you did not wish to sign it. | | | we could make it a compulsory rule that there is no defense and throw workers cases back to the tort courts which may address some of the shortcomings of workers comp. | | | These doctrines are totally fine except in contracts of adhesion where the plaintiff has devised a default rule relating to tort which there was disclaimer which the contract must get out of. |
|
http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/salsa/outlines/Kennedy1.doc
(11269 words)
|
|
| |
| | Libertarian Just War Theory |
| | It becomes important to clarify one point within the imagined contract that the State has with those who have assigned their rights of self defense to it. | | | That is, it does not aim primarily to produce a particular end such as 'social justice' as embodied in a specific result such as the elimination of poverty. | | | Such libertarians generally prefer the term 'government' because it is less burdened by implications of tyranny than the term 'State'. |
|
http://www.zetetics.com/mac/articles/justwar.html
(2030 words)
|
|
| |
| | Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory |
| | Strategies that are relevant to this perspective include the following: target hardening (deadbolts, self-defense skills, "the club," neighborhood watch programs, etc.), and legal deterrents (more police, mandatory sentencing, "three-strikes" laws, the death penalty, etc.). | | | Although specific individuals become the object of enforcement activities, general deterrence theory focuses on reducing the probability of deviance in the general population. | | | Examples of control activities reflecting the concerns of this concept include: Drunk-driving crackdowns, special gang-related crime task forces and police units, publication and highly visible notices of laws and policies (Notice: Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law), and the death penalty. |
|
http://www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/200/ratchoc.html
(1371 words)
|
|
| |
| | Criminal Justice |
| | It will introduce the student to the discourse and debate in criminal justice scholarship on the polemics of gender discrimination, racial inequality, abrogation of the rights of the accused and the rights of victims, capital punishment, the insanity defense and the merits of incarceration, probation and parole and their alternatives. | | | The student performs 120 hours of supervised fieldwork at the criminal justice agency, attends a weekly seminar or scheduled meeting with the supervising professor at Molloy College, maintains a weekly log of fieldwork experiences and writes an essay integrating criminal justice theory with the practical experiences of the internship. | | | It focuses upon the social ramifications of contemporary court cases dealing with constitutional issues, criminal law, civil law, torts, professional malpractice, family law and administrative procedures. |
|
http://www.molloy.edu/academic/crjustice/courses.htm
(2009 words)
|
|
| |
| | Intelligent Design in Public School Science Curricula: A Legal Guidebook: Dewolf, Meyer, and DeForrest |
| | According to the court's three-part test, design theory should not be classified as religion. | | | Thus, when science teachers seek to present design theory to their students to provide a more thorough treatment of biological origins, school officials need to make every effort not only to encourage them but also to assure that they are not subjected to unwarranted legal or social intimidation. | | | Critics of design theory generally do not dispute the data (as opposed to the interpretation) that design theorists marshal in support of their view, nor do they disagree that some evidences might be interpreted to support the idea of intelligent design. |
|
http://www.arn.org/docs/dewolf/guidebook.htm
(2009 words)
|
|
| |
| | pills2.htm |
| | Given these calculated power scores, Chinese analysts of the future focus intensively on assessing the intentions of Japan and the United States toward China, especially the strength of the "slanderous" and dangerous "China Threat Theory" in Tokyo and Washington. | | | Therefore, China claims to have cut its defense spending from more than 6 percent of gross national product (GNP) in the 1960s and 1970s, to between 2 and 3 percent when the current assessment came into force by the mid-1980s, and down to about 1.5 percent of the GNP in the 1990s. | | | General Li describes the United States as being particularly adept at this strategy, as powerful hegemons used to be. |
|
http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/books%20-%202000/China%20Debates%20Future%20Sec%20Environ%20Jan%202000/pills2.htm
(16164 words)
|
|
| |
| | Capital Research Center - Environmental Defense |
| | For project in partnership with Environmental Defense Texas to establish emission standards for existing distributing generation units in Texas | | | Environmental Defense brings together experts in science, law and economics to tackle complex environmental issues that affect our oceans, our air, our natural resources, the livability of our man-made environment, and the species with whom we share our world. | | | To continue campaign in partnership with Environmental Defense Texas, to advance energy efficiency and renewable energy in Texas, with special emphasis on rulemaking proceedings |
|
http://www.greenwatch.org/search/orgdisplay.asp?Org=EDF100
(1859 words)
|
|
| |
| | College of Criminal Justice Graduate Catalog |
| | Role and structure of prosecution, public defense, and the courts in the United States jurisprudence with emphasis upon criminal law, and problems in the administration of justice. | | | An analysis of the criminal justice system in the United States; role of justice agencies as part of societal response to crime; the knowledge base of criminal justice; issues, problems, trends. | | | Strong emphasis will be put on examining the role of justice in a free society and the practical implications of justice to practitioners of police, courts and corrections. |
|
http://www.shsu.edu/gradcat/cj.html
(5502 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Head Heeb: Montevideo minus one |
| | Much of the criticism has come from those who favor the "constitutive theory" of statehood, under which a state is an entity recognized as such by other states. | | | The convention defined a state as an "international person" - i.e., an entity with the ability to conduct international affairs and represent itself in international organizations - and set four criteria that must be met by a political entity in order to qualify as a state. | | | This makes recognition largely useless as a legal standard for determining the two Chinas' rights under international law; mainland China may have the greater number of recognitions at the moment, but few would argue that Taiwan's leaders are acting criminally by maintaining a national defense force and government. |
|
http://headheeb.blogmosis.com/archives/026842.html
(5502 words)
|
|
| |
| | Indiana Law Annotated, Volume 8, Number 9, March 20, 1995 |
| | Professor Susan Williams to Speak on "Feminist Legal Theory" | | | In her talk titled "Feminist Legal Theory: Identity, Difference and Law," Professor Williams will note that feminist legal theory has recently begun to borrow insights from feminists working in other fields such as literary theory, philosophy, and psychology. | | | Shaw, arguing for the Legal Defense Fund, led the legal battle at the United States Supreme Court on behalf of parents and the Kansas City school district in the long-running school desegregation case |
|
http://www.law.indiana.edu/publications/ila/0809.html
(3057 words)
|
|
| |
| | Judge rips defense for 'gay panic' argument |
| | The "gay panic" or "homosexual panic" defense is built on a theory that a person with latent homosexual tendencies will have an uncontrollable, violent reaction when propositioned by a homosexual. | | | Voigt said the closest defense he could find in Wyoming law is the "battered woman" defense, for those who kill a spouse in self-defense. | | | District Judge Barton Voigt told Aaron McKinney's lawyers that he is not sure such a defense is allowed under Wyoming law and criticized the defense for invoking it without consulting him first. |
|
http://www.thedailycamera.com/extra/shepard/28bshep.html
(502 words)
|
|
| |
| | BRIA(11:4) Oklahoma City Bombing, Terrorism in United States, America, Conspiracy Theories, Talk Radio, Free Speech, Hate Speech, Militia Groups |
| | However, the release of this evidence has been delayed in order to give the defense a chance to appeal. | | | Recently, the federal appeals court ruled to release the evidence used in the federal trial to the Oklahoma court. | | | As of now, MacVeigh and Nichols are scheduled to be tried in Oklahoma state court for mass murder in August of 2000. |
|
http://www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria11_4.html
(8457 words)
|
|
| |
| | Statement of Dr. Keith B. Payne |
| | Arms control theory at the time posited that if NMD was limited, reductions in Soviet ICBMs would be forthcoming because the Soviet Union would not need to penetrate U.S. defenses and therefore could agree to reductions. | | | The deterrence argument justifying the treaty in 1972 was that mutual deterrence would provide reliable protection against missile attack, while missile defense would undermine deterrence and not protect adequately. | | | The deterrence theory underlying the ABM Treaty is similarly mistaken. |
|
http://www.house.gov/hasc/testimony/106thcongress/99-10-13payne.htm
(1362 words)
|
|
| |
| | Defense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Self-defense (theory) and defense of property, legal justifications | | | For defense of a doctoral dissertation see thesis committee | | | This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. |
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense
(111 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pejmanesque: DOES JOSH MARSHALL NEED AN EDITOR? |
| | All the vituperation about "idiot defenses" doesn't disguise the fact that you still haven't reconciled a whole host of problems with your theory. | | | You may want to wish them away by repeating clichés about "circumstantial evidence" and "idiot defenses" and "diversionary tactics" (about the only stock phrase I haven't heard yet is "Party Man thinking"--whatever that means). | | | And for someone who claims to be 180 from a librul, I'm amused at your defense of the Clinton Admin. |
|
http://www.pejmanesque.com/archives/003402.html
(12179 words)
|
|
| |
| | Always the Abecedarian: "Gay Panic" Defense My Ass! |
| | Defense attorneys tried unsuccessfully at a preliminary hearing to get charges scaled back from murder to manslaughter in the killing of Araujo. | | | The term "gay panic" had its origins in decades-old research suggesting that certain men are terrified by their own latent homosexual tendencies -- prompting the theory that a gay advance might yank all those emotions out into the open and trigger an aggressive, even murderous, response. | | | But "gay panic" has developed a rather elastic definition, with some defense attorneys using it as catch-all characterization of a straight man's revulsion at being on the receiving end of a gay man's pass. |
|
http://www.learningasigo.com/archives/000136.html
(1483 words)
|
|
| |
| | CCC - Publications |
| | Daniel Moran, The International Law of the Sea in a Globalized World, in Sam J. Tangredi (ed), Globalization and Maritime Power (National Defense University, December 2002). | | | Gaye Christoffersen, "An International Public Goods Theory of ASEAN+3" in International Relations of the Asia Pacific Region after 9.11 and China's Accession to WTO, Wang Xinsheng, ed. | | | Paul, James J. Wirtz, and Michel Fortmann, eds., Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (Stanford University Press, 2004). |
|
http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/publications
(1741 words)
|
|
| |
| | Situational Leadership Model for Military Leader |
| | This illustrates how leadership theory has evolved since the turn of the century to the point where, in contrast to the predominantly authoritarian style in 1900, our leadership style today is substantially follower-dominant as witnessed by the development of total quality management (TQM) within the Department of Defense. | | | In sum, the substance of these studies and theories reflects a gradual evolution from an authoritarian leadership style based on a Theory X orientation to a democratic orientation that seeks to motivate the employee to feel that he or she is a contributing part of the organization. | | | Almost all leadership theory is based on the relative importance assigned to the leader versus the follower in mission accomplishment. |
|
http://www.peace.ca/militaryleader.htm
(5520 words)
|
|
| |
| | Outside jurisprudence and critical race theory and feminist legal theory |
| | The most controversial (but visible) areas are in the law of sexual harassment and the so-called "battered women's defense" in cases of domestic abuse. | | | I think that the legal response to past oppressions is not easy. | | | America does have a tradition of "paying back" those who have significantly suffered through extreme acts of violence (witness the federal funds that rushed to help the victims of 9/11), and so the idea of reparations for slavery and its continued effects is, for me, a live issue. |
|
http://www.willamette.edu/~blong/Jurisprudence/CriticalIII.html
(969 words)
|
|
| |
| | RHETORIC.html |
| | Consider the case of the Defense Commissary Agency, the organization that runs 307 supermarkets at military bases in the U.S. and overseas. | | | For less than one half of one percent of defense spending, the commissary provides a much-appreciated part of the military compensation program. | | | The theory is that if agency managers can adopt market-driven business practices and then be rewarded on the basis of the results, they will have both the ability and the incentives to perform better. |
|
http://www.adti.net/new_zuberi_uploaded/DEFOUT/RHETORIC.html
(969 words)
|
|
| |
| | Just War Principles |
| | For example, self-defense against an armed attack is always considered to be a just cause (although the justice of the cause is not sufficient--see point #4). | | | States are prohibited from using force not necessary to attain the limited objective of addressing the injury suffered. | | | Further, a just war can only be fought with "right" intentions: the only permissible objective of a just war is to redress the injury. |
|
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pol116/justwar.htm
(512 words)
|
|
| |
| | Subject Guides -- Black Studies |
| | The NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. is the nation's premier civil rights public interest law firm. | | | Reflecting womanist inclusivity, WTR provides a forum for exchanging feminist research, theory, and ideas among women-of-color scholars and students in the humanities, social sciences, education, theology, law, medicine, politics, librarianship, journalism, art, information technologies, and telecommunications. | | | On May 17, 1954, the United States Supreme Court announced its decision that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The decision effectively denied the legal basis for segregation in Kansas and 20 other states with segregated classrooms and would forever change race relations in the United States. |
|
http://www.csulb.edu/library/subj/black.html
(512 words)
|
|
| |
| | USATODAY.com - Va. court upholds death penalty for sniper |
| | "A successful rebuttal of Malvo's affirmative defense of insanity is not inconsistent with a theory of prosecution that includes Muhammad engaged in training and directing Malvo in their sniper team activity," Lemons wrote. | | | Defense lawyers also claimed on appeal that prosecutors improperly offered conflicting theories in the trials of Muhammad and Malvo. | | | Muhammad's prosecutors portrayed him as a manipulator who molded his then-17-year-old cohort into a killer, the defense attorneys said, while Malvo's prosecutors — seeking to encounter Malvo's insanity defense — described the teenager as a willful, independent thinker who was free of the older man's influence. |
|
http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-04-22-sniper-death-penalty_x.htm
(637 words)
|
|
| |
| | George Washington: Biography and Much More From Answers.com |
| | After the American Revolution broke out at Concord and Lexington, the Congress organized for defense, and, largely through the efforts of John Adams, Washington was named (June 15, 1775) commander in chief of the Continental forces. | | | He did not advocate the abolition of slavery while in office, but did sign legislation enforcing the prohibition of slavery in the Northwest Territory, writing to his good friend the Marquis de la Fayette that he considered it a wise measure. | | | American military leader and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). |
|
http://www.answers.com/topic/george-washington
(6639 words)
|
|
| |
| | COURT TV ONLINE - Oklahoma City Bombing |
| | Nichols's defense lawyers are expected to focus on the testimony of government witness Michael Fortier, who testified against McVeigh during his trial under a plea agreement. | | | Nichols also claimed that he turned himself in because he wanted to avoid a Waco-like siege by the government on his house in Herrington. | | | (The punishment for conspiracy alone is the death penalty.) On June 2, a jury convicted McVeigh of the same charges. |
|
http://www.courttv.com/archive/casefiles/oklahoma/reports
(1567 words)
|
|
|
