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| | smuggling. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
 | | Smuggling into the United States flourished in the prohibition era and was carried on practically with impunity from overseas and overland from Canada. | | | U.S. law declares the article smuggled to be forfeit and the smuggler liable to a fine or imprisonment, or both. | | | Examples of the smuggling of persons are the slave trade to the United States and Latin America following its outlawing by the great powers in the early 19th cent. |
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http://www.bartleby.com/65/sm/smugglin.html
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| | Interpol - People smuggling |
| | People smuggling simply implies the procurement, for financial or material gain, of the illegal entry into a state of which the individual is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident. | | | Smuggling migrants to the United States is mostly achieved by putting them on planes. | | | It is not only a transnational crime, but also an enormous violation of human rights and a contemporary form of slavery. |
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http://www.interpol.int/Public/THB/PeopleSmuggling
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| | Human Smuggling a National Security Risk, U.S. Official Says |
| | It was the deadliest case of human smuggling in the United States in fifteen years. | | | We know that these smuggling and trafficking pipelines serve as a conduit for undocumented aliens and criminals seeking entry to the United States. | | | In that mission, we recognize that human smuggling and trafficking into the United States constitute a significant risk to national security and public safety. |
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http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2004&m=May&x=20040520144613AJesroM0.7872583&t=livefeeds/wf-latest.html
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| | Tobacco Control Factsheets - Tobacco Smuggling |
| | Conditions can be attached: licences can be suspended for breach of these conditions and of the law. | | | Since 1997, there have been several court cases and official investigations in different part of the world which accused the industry of supplying the smuggled cigarettes or at least of being aware of the illegal destination of their products. | | | We distinguish between two kinds of illegal circumvention of taxation: bootlegging and large-scale organised smuggling. |
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http://factsheets.globalink.org/en/smuggling.shtml
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| | Global Issues: Arresting Transnational Crime - U.S. and Multinational Coalition Disrupts Migrant Smuggling Operations |
| | Smuggling organizations have entered this 21st century slavery for the money. | | | These organizations, based in source countries, transit countries, or in the United States, may use multiple organizations, or smuggling "subcontractors" to further insulate them from identification and prosecution by law enforcement agencies. | | | The simultaneous, coordinated efforts between the United States and other countries is key to the INS overseas deterrence strategy, and sends a clear message to those who would traffick in human beings --- the United States is committed with its partners to pursuing smugglers wherever they operate. |
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http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0801/ijge/gj04.htm
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| | Bruce Bartlett on Taxation and Cigarette Smuggling on NRO Financial |
| | Periodicals are documenting a tax-related increase in smuggling. | | | To even make a dent in it would require making tobacco illegal, as alcohol was during Prohibition. | | | It quoted John D'Angelo of the Treasury Department's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms as saying, "There is no doubt that there's a direct relationship between the increase in a state's tax to an increase in illegal trafficking." |
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http://www.nationalreview.com/nrof_bartlett/bartlett080702.asp
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| | Special Report: Cigarette Companies and Smuggling |
| | Its common-sense measures to address both domestic and international cigarette smuggling include increasing civil and criminal penalties; establishing labeling, tracking and record-keeping requirements so law enforcement officials can determine the source and track the paths of smuggled cigarettes; and tightening regulations governing block sales of cigarettes. | | | Congress can update these laws and close the many loopholes by passing legislation that would strengthen existing laws relating to contraband cigarette trafficking and apply them to all tobacco products made or sold in the United States. | | | But these benefits would be even larger except for the fact that hundreds of websites illegally sell tobacco products over the Internet without collecting applicable tobacco taxes (or verifying the age of purchasers), and numerous criminal organizations continue to smuggle contraband cigarettes into higher-tax states for illegal resale. |
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http://tobaccofreekids.org/reports/smuggling
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| | Guardian Unlimited Special reports How smuggling helps lure generations of new smokers |
| | Smuggled cigarettes, by evading import and sales taxes, are usually sold more cheaply than legally imported cigarettes. | | | The euphemisms were used interchangeably and contrasted repeatedly with references to imports that were legal and "DP" (duty paid). | | | In addition, some of the cigarettes shipped from Venezuela to Aruba and on to Maicao went back into Venezuela. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/bat/article/0,2763,191296,00.html
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| | The Center for Public Integrity |
| | In a federal civil racketeering lawsuit launched in 2000, Colombias governors accused tobacco company executives of illegally entering the country to organize smuggling networks and retrieve cash payments, which were then smuggled out for deposit in offshore banks. | | | "A primary driving force behind the proliferation of cigarette smuggling in both Colombia and Europe is the need of narcotics traffickers, Colombian, Russian, and others, to launder enormous amounts of money that can no longer be laundered through banks," said one recent court filing in a cigarette smuggling case. | | | In fact, one Italian government report obtained by the Center states that Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds licensed agents in Switzerland were high-level criminals who ran a vast smuggling operation into Italy in the 1980s that was directly linked to the Sicilian Mafia. |
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http://www.publicintegrity.org/report.aspx?aid=351&sid=100
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| | US Border Patrol Smuggling |
| | The 2004 price for smuggling someone from Saudi Arabia into the United States has been even $50,000 a person. | | | The problem is that the US courts are so overwhelmed by violent Mexican criminals that the government cannot always prosecute them all. | | | In quiet places like Sierra Vista, Arizona, there are 100 mile per hour chases down mainstreet with smuggling vans crashing and dead illegals scattered all over the street like lots of dead illegals... |
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http://www.usborderpatrol.com/borderframe60.htm
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| | Smuggling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Smuggling is illegal transport, in particular across a border. | | | The principal reason for the high duty was the need for the government to finance a number of extremely expensive wars with France and the United States of America. | | | With regard to people smuggling we can distinguish a service they desire and for which they pay, and involuntary trafficking of people. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smuggling
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| | Boston.com / News / Nation / Washington / Human-smuggling suspect held |
| | They would then be transported to the United States through Mexico in return for payments of thousands of dollars in smuggling fees. | | | Abdallah often would keep the illegal immigrants' passports to guarantee payment of those fees, prosecutors said. | | | The indictment says Abdallah and his associates would direct people seeking to reach the United States to travel to one of several Latin American countries, and from there to Guatemala. |
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http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2004/07/03/human_smuggling_suspect_held
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| | Egyptian Living in Md. Accused of Smuggling Countrymen Into U.S. (washingtonpost.com) |
| | A former driver for Saudi Arabia's embassy in Washington appeared in federal court in Alexandria yesterday on charges that he used fraudulent documents to smuggle Egyptians into the United States from 1999 to 2001. | | | Federal authorities allege that Yakoub was well known in certain circles in Egypt for his ability to help smuggle people into the United States for a fee. | | | Mohamed Abdel Wahab Yakoub, 60, an Egyptian national who resides in New Carrollton, made his initial appearance in U.S. District Court on the charges of smuggling aliens into the United States, officials said. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A2722-2005Mar2.html
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| | Tobacco Smuggling: Fact Sheet no. 17 - ASH |
| | Smuggling page for a summary of the legal dispute and new agreement | | | Yes and no. But mostly no. The difference in duty levels between neighbouring states is only a minor driver of smuggling. | | | The economic driver of most smuggling is the difference between the duty paid and duty not paid price. |
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http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact17.html
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| | The CIA: America's Premier International Terrorist Organization |
| | This document concerns an amendment to legislation pending before the U.S. House of Representatives. | | | If the Seal documents show anything, an attentive reader might conclude, it is that ominous implication of some official sanction. | | | Michael Ravnitzky: 1996 CIA FOIA Case Log Highlights |
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http://www.serendipity.li/cia.html
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| | AlterNet: Illegal CFC Smuggling Destroying Ozone Layer |
| | Since the launch of a nationwide CFC enforcement initiative in 1995, which involves the United States Customs Service, the EPA, the FBI and the IRS, over 100 individuals have been convicted for violation of customs law and the federal Clean Air Act. | | | Defendants included Richard Schmolke, who was convicted last year for a scheme to illegally import 75,000 pounds of CFC-12 from Venezuela into Texas. | | | Federal officials anticipate an increase in smuggling activity as the supply of legal CFCs is depleted by the end of this year, said Jack McQuade of the U.S. Customs Service. |
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http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=10109
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| | Oil-for-Food: Facts |
| | Furthermore, the responsibility for preventing illegal oil trades did not belong to the UN. | | | The coalition making up MIF was initiated following the inception of the sanctions in 1990. | | | With the release of its interim report in February 2005, the IIC also issued a chart representing a " |
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http://www.oilforfoodfacts.org/smuggling.aspx
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| | People smuggling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | In the Southwest United States, a "coyote" is a person paid to smuggle illegal aliens across the border between Mexico and the United States. | | | Snakeheads are smugglers from China who smuggle people into the United States and other Western countries. | | | People smuggling is a term which is used to describe the illegal and organised smuggling of people across international boundaries, usually for financial gain. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_smuggling
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| | Cigarette Smuggling Emergency |
| | A 1 February 2002 European Union court document links smuggling and terrorism. | | | USA v Trapilo, Case No. 97-1011 (CA 2, ND NY, 5 Dec 1997) (case involving cigarette smuggling to evade Canadian tax) | | | This cigarette smuggling emergency memo was issued 22 August 1997. |
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http://medicolegal.tripod.com/engleremergency.htm
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| | Smugglers - Smuggling 1300 to 1833 - VillageNet History |
| | In 1357 a court was held in Rye to try a number of merchants who were smuggling goods through the port of Pevensey. | | | A further change was the introduction of a number of officials who were paid to prevent smuggling. | | | As time went on and the smuggling became more profitable, so the smugglers were able to bribe more of the port officials, which in turn allowed more smuggling. |
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http://www.villagenet.co.uk/history/1300-smugglers.html
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| | BAT and Tobacco Smuggling (ASH UK) |
| | British American Tobacco has been forced to release millions of pages of internal documents as a result of litigation in the United States. | | | [ BAT internal documents and evidence of involvement in smuggling ] | | | Smuggling allegations have lead to racketeering legal action (RICO) against BAT and other multi-national tobacco companies. |
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http://www.ash.org.uk/html/smuggling/html/smugglingbat.html
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| | Cigarette Smuggling Bill |
| | Smugglers buy cigarettes in low-tax states such as North Carolina and Kentucky, and drive or ship the product to high-tax states and sell them on the street, to convenience stores, or to conspirators without paying the required state taxes. | | | Some smugglers affix fraudulent state tax stamps to make it appear they have paid the state taxes that are due. | | | Cigarette smuggling can be defined as the movement of cigarettes from low-tax areas to high-tax areas in order to avoid the payment of taxes when the cigarettes are resold. |
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http://kohl.senate.gov/press/060303.html
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| | NCPA - Brief Analysis 423, Cigarette Smuggling |
| | Yet so long as tobacco products are legal and state cigarette taxes are divergent, the ATF can do only so much. | | | Between 1992 and 2000, the average state cigarette tax rate increased 64 percent while gross state tax revenues rose only 35 percent. | | | Diverse state tobacco taxes are a key reason for cigarette smuggling, in which organized crime and terrorist groups increasingly are involved. |
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http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba/ba423
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| | Smuggling Hope |
| | Over time I was also able to use non-American friends as coyotes to smuggle refills. | | | For years, patients with AIDS or cancer have been buying drugs from Mexico, either because these drugs are not available in the United States, or because they are available more cheaply south of the border. | | | But I have absolutely no doubt that the smuggling will go on. |
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http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2004/03/02_403.html
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| | New Zealand’s First Interpol Conference: Wildlife Smuggling |
| | New Zealand geckos — worth up to $2500 each — have become popular in Europe and the United States in the least three years. | | | Spreading of infectious diseases from smuggled animals into humans had attracted the attention of authorities after a bizarre case of West Nile virus in the United States. | | | "What made us unique is that WEG, which formed 10 years ago, was the only multi-agency wildlife smuggling enforcement unit in the world. |
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http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/press/131003interpol.htm
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| | BAT and tobacco smuggling - evidence to the Health Select Committee |
| | This document gives further evidence of Philip Morris’s involvement in specific smuggling routes. | | | The assertion by BAT that it only acts legally is false. While there is little evidence of BAT smuggling tobacco itself, there is compelling evidence to suggest that BAT is a significant part of a conspiracy which causes smuggling to happen. | | | At least one BAT executive has been convicted for smuggling-related offences in Hong Kong and other legal actions are possible. |
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http://www.ash.org.uk/html/smuggling/html/submission.html
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| | Israel Defense Forces - The Official Website |
| | Weapons smuggling tunnel uncovered yesterday in the outskirts of Rafah (15/09/04) | | | Uncovering of the 20th Weapons Smuggling Tunnel this Past Year (02/11/04) | | | Summary of Weekly Security Events and Easing of Restrictions in Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza Strip (18/12/03) |
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http://www1.idf.il/dover/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=7&docid=29334.EN
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| | CBC News: B.C. Tory candidate dumped over smuggling charges |
| | He's also accused of lying to customs officers about the incident. | | | The party found out about the six charges only on Wednesday after it was contacted by the media. | | | The federal Tories are dumping a B.C. candidate who faces charges of attempting to smuggle a car and booze across the Canada-U.S. border. |
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http://www.cbc.ca/story/canadavotes2006/national/2006/01/12/tory-candidate060112.html
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| | Nathanson Centre Organized Crime Links |
| | Article exploring the application of restorative justice responses to repairing the harms of smuggling in the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation | | | Numerous other publications produced by the RCMP, including many addressing organized crime issues. | | | An international association of national customs agencies, includes information on smuggling enforcement. |
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http://www.yorku.ca/nathanson/Links/links.htm
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| | Smuggling in Cornwall |
| | Smuggling was not just confined to the importation of goods without the payment of tax. | | | The risks, however, were high; smuggling activities led to a minimum penalty of transportation to colonies such as Australia, though often the penalties were much more severe. | | | This was made possible by the involvement of all sections of the community, from the local landowner, to the poorest peasant. |
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http://www.connexions.co.uk/culture/smuggler.htm
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| | Castro promises `severe measures' for boaters who smuggle Cubans |
| | Cuban authorities have told officials at the U.S. Interests Section -- the American diplomatic mission in Havana -- that 15 smugglers based in the United States are under arrest in Cuba. | | | Unlike immigrants of other nationalities, Cubans who actually set foot on U.S. soil are permitted to remain in the United States rather than being deported. | | | Castro promises `severe measures' for boaters who smuggle Cubans |
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http://www.fiu.edu/~fcf/castropromisessevmeas.html
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| | History of smuggling in Polperro, Cornwall, UK |
| | Heavy penalties were imposed for a wide variety of offences, and the presence of riding officer or coastguards made it difficult for goods to be landed ashore. | | | The end of the wars with France at the beginning of the 19th century was followed by Government measures to stop the traffic in smuggled goods into Britain. | | | High taxes on a wide range of luxury goods as well as basic commodities such as salt, imposed to finance the wars with America and France between 1775 and 1815, encouraged the fishermen to supplement their meagre livelihood by engaging in the 'trade' as smuggling was known. |
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http://www.heritagepress.polperro.org/smuggling.html
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| | Smuggling |
| | Additionally they applied protection measures for home based industries and made the importation of some products illegal. | | | Punishments could be severe such as transportation or even hanging. | | | Signaling between the those involved onshore and those offshore, had to be done in such a way, that the revenue men would not also pick it up. |
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http://www.pznow.co.uk/maritime/smuggling.html
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| | Introduction to smuggling in southeast England (Kent and Sussex) |
| | The size of the cargoes may also have been a factor: Kentish smuggling was on a scale that demanded large amounts of venture capital. | | | Outside investors would want to protect their cash, and would have not been averse to hiring hoodlums to do it. | | | The most extraordinary is probably the practice of rowing cargoes across the channel. |
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http://www.smuggling.co.uk/gazetteer_se.html
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| | Technorati Tag: smuggling |
| | A tag is like a subject or category. | | | I live in Arizona - one of the states that is being invaded by illegals from Mexico, South America, China... | | | Bird Flu Virus May Be Spread by Smuggling (info)http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/15/ ""I would love to have a map of illegal trade, but I'm embarrassed... |
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http://technorati.com/tag/smuggling
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| | Smuggling of migrants gets violent |
| | Increasingly, federal authorities say, smugglers are holding migrants hostage to extort additional money after the migrants have already paid their smuggling fees. | | | Gangs known as bajadores also are stealing migrants from smugglers, then holding them for their own ransoms. | | | The hostage incident, which took place in 2004, ended without bloodshed. |
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http://www.azcentral.com/arizonarepublic/news/articles/1221hostagetakers.html
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| | Talland Bay - smuggling |
| | At the Old Bailey 12 men were jailed for a total of 55 years and fined over £675,000. | | | Roderick Eagleton, who lived in the cottage and ran the Talland Bay café, admitted his part in the smuggling and was jailed for 3 years. | | | The landlord of the Halfway House Inn, 'Battling Billy', hit on the idea of conveying his kegs in a hearse, knowing no Revenue officer would stop a hearse. |
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http://www.talland.org/smuggling.html
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| | NOW with Bill Moyers. Politics & Economy. Tobacco Traffic - International Smuggling PBS |
| | European Union (EU) - Evidence introduced in their court case against the tobacco companies says that the profits from cigarette smuggling have gone to fund terrorist groups in Iraq and elsewhere. | | | Carlos Acevedo, a lawyer for the European Union, Canada and the Colombian State governments told NOW that cigarette smuggling has been used by the biggest tobacco companies as a tool to break into markets all over the world. | | | The smuggling helps tobacco companies make inroads into closed or restricted markets with a low-cost cigarette that can compete with local brands, lawyers told us. |
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http://www.pbs.org/now/politics/smuggling.html
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| | ABC News: U.S. Soldiers Involved in Drug Smuggling Ring |
| | A U.S. army sergeant fighting the war on drugs in Colombia was recently sentenced to six years in prison for using military aircraft to smuggle cocaine into the United States. | | | Dozens of active and former soldiers have abused their military uniforms and authority in a drug smuggling ring, government sources tell ABC News. | | | In Operation Lively Green, FBI agents posed as drug dealers and with $220,000 in cash, enticed Arizona National Guard soldiers, an Arizona police officer, an immigrations agent and a federal prison guard to help them smuggle more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine into the United States. |
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http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/US/story?id=1252876&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312
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| | The New York Times: Search > Topic: SMUGGLING |
| | A United States Army officer was charged yesterday with smuggling hundreds of thousands of dollars in stolen cash from Iraq and using some of it to buy machine guns, grenade launchers and other illegal arms that were later found in a garage in North Carol... | | | Ringleader Gets 35-Year Term In Smuggling Of Immigrants | | | The Chinatown businesswoman who calls herself Sister Ping was sentenced yesterday to 35 years in prison for running one of New York City's most lucrative immigrant smuggling rings and for financing the infamous voyage of the Golden Venture, the rusting fr... |
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http://query.nytimes.com/search/query?ppds=des&v1=SMUGGLING&fdq=19960101&td=sysdate&sort=newest&ac=SMUGGLING&rt=1,des,org,per,geo
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| | USATODAY.com - Australian woman gets 20 years for drug smuggling in Indonesia |
| | This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | | | Indonesia, which like Australia, imprisons scores of foreigners for drug smuggling each year, says it sees no need to grant Corby any special exemptions. | | | JAKARTA, Indonesia (AP) — An Australian woman was convicted and sentenced to 20 years in prison Friday for smuggling nine pounds of marijuana onto Bali island, provoking shouts of "Liar!" from her mother. |
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http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-05-26-indonesia-drug-trial_x.htm
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| | NTI: Securing the Bomb: Interdicting Nuclear Smuggling |
| | Essential reading for anyone interested in what the U.S. government is doing to interdict smuggling of nuclear material overseas. | | | Page from which one can read the submitted testimony of officials from the General Accounting Office, the State and Energy Departments, and the U.S. Customs Service who were called to testify on the state of U.S. efforts to interdict nuclear smuggling. The testimony provides a useful overview of each agency's activity in this area. | | | Emily Ewell, “NIS Nuclear Smuggling Since 1995: A Lull in Significant Cases?” Nonproliferation Review, Volume 5, Number 3, Spring-Summer 1998. |
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http://www.nti.org/e_research/cnwm/interdicting/index.asp
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| | Smuggling in Norfolk & Lincolnshire |
| | Is there no magistrate to hand, No justice of the peace?...Is there no clergyman, no minister?' The innocent man's enquiries are silenced when one of the locals points out the vicar holding a lantern. | | | Smuggling in south Lincolnshire seems to have continued very much longer than in southern England, perhaps because of the isolation of the most popular landing beaches, and the difficulty of patrolling the long coastline from preventive stations that were frequently undermanned. | | | This approach extends even to smuggling and smuggled goods. |
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http://www.smuggling.co.uk/gazetteer_e_14.html
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| | Cigarette Smuggling Linked to Terrorism (washingtonpost.com) |
| | Hammoud was sentenced to 155 years in prison. | | | A federal jury in Charlotte convicted Mohamad Hammoud, 28, of violating a ban on providing material support to terrorist groups by funneling profits from a multimillion-dollar cigarette-smuggling operation to Hezbollah. | | | The jury also found Hammoud, whom prosecutors described as the leader of a terrorist cell, and his brother guilty of cigarette smuggling, racketeering and money laundering. |
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A23384-2004Jun7.html
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| | Cigarette Smuggling in California: Fact and Fiction |
| | • Previously published studies that analyzed data from various time periods between 1950 and 2000 have estimated that 2% to 6% of cigarettes are smuggled within the United States. | | | • Even if one accepts the BOE’s very high estimates of smuggling, increasing the cigarette tax will increase state revenues. | | | • Our new estimate of smuggling in California shows that 1% to 4.2% ($7 million to $45 million annually in lost tax revenue compared to $1.1 billion in cigarette taxes actually collected by the state) of cigarettes smoked in California are smuggled. |
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http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/Smuggling2003
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| | Air Marshals Arrested For Smuggling - CBS News |
| | Plus: Get the facts on a national problem, see how drugs affect the body, learn about warning signs and treatments, plus compare state ratings on drunk driving laws. | | | According to a criminal complaint, authorities began investigating Nguyen in November after receiving a tip that he was involved in selling drugs. | | | Both men face 10 years to life in prison and a $4 million fine if convicted of federal charges of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute five kilograms or more of cocaine, KHOU reports. |
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http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/02/13/national/main1312807.shtml
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| | MENA |
| | Robinson, Deborah, "Unsolved mysteries in Clinton country," IN THESE TIMES, February 12-18, 1992 As Bill Clinton moved to gain the Democratic nomination for President, allegations surfaced that he ignored local law enforcement officials' pleas for assistance to investigate Mena. | | | Dear Fellow American, On August 23, 1987, two teenage boys stumbled upon a drug smuggling operation that was sanctioned by federal officials and protected by local law enforcement. | | | SYRIA, PRESIDENT BUSH AND DRUGS, Subcommittee Staff Report, House Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Crime and Criminal Justice, October 28, 1992 Reports that Bekaa Valley heroin traffickers have close ties to the Syrian government and Army, and that President Bush ignores this problem in his policy towards Syria. |
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http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/POLITICS/MENA/mena.html
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| | washingtonpost.com: Saudi Justice Faces Scrutiny in Bomb Case |
| | Saudi alcohol policy is strict, with flogging, jail and deportation among the punishment for violators, but it also involves "don't ask, don't tell" enforcement. | | | Meanwhile, the prospect of the three suspects' trial and conviction for murder has raised another possibility: a public beheading, the specified Islamic penalty unless a representative of the victim's family agrees to a financial settlement, or "blood money." | | | As long as they drink alcoholic beverages quietly, Western diplomats and others here say, those who can afford $200-per-bottle prices have easy access to smuggled alcohol, while those of more modest means brew their own. |
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http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/saudjstc.htm
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