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| | Australia (09/05) |
 | | Each state is headed by a premier, who is the leader of the party with a majority or a working minority in the lower house of the state legislature. | | | At the second, in San Francisco in 1986, the United States and Australia announced that the United States was suspending its treaty security obligations to New Zealand pending the restoration of port access. | | | Australia was one of the founders of both the United Nations and the South Pacific Commission (1947), and in 1950, it proposed the Colombo Plan to assist developing countries in Asia. |
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http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2698.htm
(4413 words)
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| | Articles - Law of Australia |
| | The law of Australia consists of the Australian common law (which is based on the English common law), federal laws enacted by the Parliament of Australia, and laws enacted by the Parliaments of the Australian states and territories. | | | Laws passed by the Parliament of Australia, and common law made by federal courts (such as the High Court of Australia) are federal laws, and apply to the whole of Australia. | | | When the High Court of Australia was established in 1903, it began to develop a body of federal common law, relating to areas in which the High Court has original jurisdiction (for example, matters involving international treaties, or cases where the Commonwealth of Australia is a party). |
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http://www.centralairconditioners.net/articles/Law_of_Australia
(745 words)
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| | BBC NEWS World Asia-Pacific Country profiles Country profile: New Zealand |
| | European settlement in New Zealand during the 19th century led to the Treaty of Waitangi (1840) between representatives of the British Crown and Maori chiefs. | | | New Zealand's economy is based largely on agriculture, but manufacturing is of growing importance and the country has a fledgling film industry. | | | A significant proportion of New Zealand's electricity is generated by hydropower sources and the country has a range of renewable energy sources at its disposal. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1136253.stm
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| | Australia Travel Information |
| | Australia is such a massive country even with a year of travelling I wasn't able to experience it all, I managed to visit 4 of the 8 states and territories Australia has to offer. | | | A valid passport or similar acceptable travel document is required of all people wishing to travel to and enter Australia. | | | Australia features a wide range of climatic zones, from the tropical northern regions, through to arid expanses of the interior and temperate regions in the south. |
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http://www.timsaxon.co.uk/australia.html
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| | Queen of Australia: Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 |
| | AND WHEREAS the Government of Australia considers it desirable to propose to Her Majesty a change in the form of the Royal Style and Titles to be used in relation to Australia and its Territories: | | | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. | | | The assent of the Parliament is hereby given to the adoption by Her Majesty, for use in relation to Australia and its Territories, in lieu of the Style and Titles set forth in the Schedule to the Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 |
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http://www.statusquo.org/royalstyle.html
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| | Queen of Australia: Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 |
| | AND WHEREAS the Government of Australia considers it desirable to propose to Her Majesty a change in the form of the Royal Style and Titles to be used in relation to Australia and its Territories: | | | The assent of the Parliament is hereby given to the adoption by Her Majesty, for use in relation to Australia and its Territories, in lieu of the Style and Titles set forth in the Schedule to the Royal Style and Titles Act 1953 | | | Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. |
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http://www.statusquo.org/royalstyle.html
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| | Australia's Constitutional position today |
| | "No act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom or act that looks to the parliament of the United Kingdom for its authority is valid in Australia or its territories in accordance with the laws of the United Kingdom and the Charter of the United Nations" (Article 2 paragraph 1 and 4). | | | How it was - The Monarch, The Crown, The Privy Council, Common Law - The Laws of England, six colonies under the Crown - Australia, subjects of and with allegiance to the Monarch -- Six States -- The Constitution - Federation - Independence - Republic - ????. | | | Australia stands at the crossroads, there is no way back, we are left with three choices, to the right a road to more of the same dictatorship, to the left a road to an unknown republican dictatorship, or straight ahead to build on the Constitutional foundation that we all have faith in. |
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http://www.ja.olm.net/succeed/Pages/australi.htm
(2545 words)
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| | Queen of Australia |
| | But without Australian legislation, the effect of s1 of the Australia Act would be to deny the extension of the United Kingdom law to the Commonwealth, the States and the Territories. | | | The phrases "under the Crown" in the preamble to the Constitution Act and "heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom" in covering cl 2 involve the use of the expression "the Crown" and cognate terms in what is the fifth sense. | | | The point of immediate significance is that the circumstance that the same monarch exercises regal functions under the constitutional arrangements in the United Kingdom and Australia does not deny the proposition that the United Kingdom is a foreign power within the meaning of s 44(i) of the Constitution. |
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http://www.statusquo.org/queenofaus.htm
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| | Australia's Political System |
| | The parliaments and governments of states and self-governing territories are responsible for all matters not assigned to the Commonwealth. | | | Although Australia is an independent nation, the formal Head of State is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, who is also the Queen of Australia. | | | Australia became a nation after the people of six self-governing colonies voted to unite and accept the Constitution which established the Commonwealth of Australia. |
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http://www.immi.gov.au/settle/states/political.htm
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| | Parliament -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The British Parliament, often referred to as the “Mother of Parliaments,” consists of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. | | | Parliament consists of two houses—the House of Commons and the House of Lords. | | | Details the election and working of the senate, federal judicature and the house of representatives. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058522?source=RSSOTD
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| | Supreme Court - definition of Supreme Court in Encyclopedia |
| | With civil and criminal cases, the highest court in a hierarchy of appellate courts is the Bundesgerichtshof. | | | The court's decisions are final and binding on the federal courts and the courts from all provinces and territories, including the Province of Quebec which has its own distinct legal system based on the Civil Code of Quebec. | | | The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest U.S. Court. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Supreme_Court
(1800 words)
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| | Australia's Constitutional position today |
| | How it was - The Monarch, The Crown, The Privy Council, Common Law - The Laws of England, six colonies under the Crown - Australia, subjects of and with allegiance to the Monarch -- Six States -- The Constitution - Federation- Independence - Republic - ????. | | | "No act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom or act that looks to the parliament of the United Kingdom for its authority is valid in Australia or its territories in accordance with the laws of the United Kingdom and the Charter of the United Nations" (Article 2 paragraph 1 and 4). | | | Australia stands at the crossroads, there is no way back, we are left with three choices, to the right a road to more of the same dictatorship, to the left a road to an unknown republican dictatorship, or straight ahead to build on the Constitutional foundation that we all have faith in. |
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http://www.ja.olm.net/succeed/Pages/australi.htm
(2545 words)
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| | Centenary Flag (Australia) |
| | I, PETER JOHN HOLLINGWORTH, Governor General of the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council and under section 6 of the Flags Act 1953, authorise the Governments of the Commonwealth and of each of the States and Territories, to use, on ceremonial occasions, the Centenary Flag described in the Schedule. | | | The Governor-General did not proclaim it as a flag of Australia under section 5 of the Flags Act, but warranted its use by the commonwealth and state governments. | | | Each state and territory was requested by the Commonwealth to fly the flag for a day during the Centenary of Federation year. |
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http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/au_cent.html
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| | The Australian Flag |
| | The Commonwealth Star or Star of Federation, central in the third quarter or lower hoist, has seven points to denote the six states and the combined territories of the Commonwealth. | | | The flags of the Australian territories and of more individual nature and are not based on the Blue Ensign. | | | First used in Victoria in 1854 by a group of rebellious gold-miners protesting the cost of prospecting licences at the 'Eureka stockade', this flag has become the symbol of Australians prepared to fight to defend rights and liberties. |
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http://www.csu.edu.au/australia/flag.html
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| | Government (from South Australia) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The Canadian parliament governs the country's provinces and territories. | | | In common with the other state governments, the governor is the representative of the crown. | | | South Australia's parliament consists of a House of Assembly with 47 members representing single-member electorates and a Legislative Council of 22 members for which the state is a single electorate. |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42531
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| | Australia |
| | The Southern Cross is a constellation that can be seen from all of Australia's states and territories. | | | They came to the number seven, by giving each state (six in all) a point on the star, and having one more point for Australia's territories (of which there are several). | | | (the design approved by the King differed from the original design in the number of points on the stars and the warrant was republished in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. 8*) |
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http://flagspot.net/flags/au.html
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| | LLRX.com - Update to Researching Australian Law |
| | And the courts of the states and territories also sit within the national hierarchy with either a Supreme Court or Court of Appeals at the local apex, from which appeals lie to the High Court. | | | The Commonwealth of Australia is a common law jurisdiction; a federation within the British Commonwealth, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. | | | An activist High Court, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, under Chief Justice Sir Anthony Mason, developed a theory of implied rights under the Constitution, which, for a time at least, led some to believe that a bill of rights was unnecessary. |
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http://www.llrx.com/features/australian.htm
(4798 words)
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| | Australia - Simple English Wikipedia |
| | Australia is made up of six states and two territories. | | | Australia is a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth. | | | Each of these has its own Parliament and makes its own local laws. |
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
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| | Parliament of Australia: Education - Parliament An Overview |
| | Under this system, powers are distributed between a national government (the Commonwealth) and the six States (three Territories - the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, and Norfolk Island have self-government arrangements). | | | The Constitution defines the boundaries of law-making powers between the Commonwealth and the States/Territories. | | | The Constitution provides for the establishment of the High Court of Australia and such other courts as Parliament may create. |
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http://www.aph.gov.au/parl.htm
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| | Australia Hotels Travel Guide – Australia visa information, requirement, application for visa and immigration regulations |
| | Temporary residents in Australia are not always able to access educational facilities in all states/territories of Australia and education authorities may impose fees (and these may be substantial), depending on the type of visa held. | | | They are granted with the condition that the holder must not be employed in Australia by any one employer for more than three months without the prior written permission of the Secretary of the Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs. | | | Student visas with this condition can only be applied for in Australia and after the students have commenced their course of study. |
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http://www.hoteltravel.com/australia/guides/visas_and_immigration.htm
(1895 words)
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| | Australia (09/05) |
| | At the second, in San Francisco in 1986, the United States and Australia announced that the United States was suspending its treaty security obligations to New Zealand pending the restoration of port access. | | | Australia was one of the founders of both the United Nations and the South Pacific Commission (1947), and in 1950, it proposed the Colombo Plan to assist developing countries in Asia. | | | The Commonwealth government was created with a Constitution patterned partly on the U.S. Constitution, although it does not include a "bill of rights." The powers of the Commonwealth are specifically defined in the Constitution, and the residual powers remain with the states. |
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http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2698.htm
(1895 words)
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| | Australia - Simple English Wikipedia |
| | Australia is made up of six states and two territories. | | | Each of these has its own Parliament and makes its own local laws. | | | Australia is a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth. |
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http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
(466 words)
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| | SCALEplus Home |
| | SCALEplus contains legislation of the Commonwealth and non self-governing Territories (and related material such as Reserved Commonwealth Laws, the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act and the Constitution (including ancillary documents) as well as Bills, explanatory memoranda/statements, tables, indexes and other finding aids). | | | Commonwealth primary legislation, as well as other ancillary documents and information, in electronic form, and | | | the new Federal Register of Legislative Instruments (FRLI) which was established on 1 January 2005 under the Legislative Instruments Act 2003 as the authoritative source for legislative instruments and compilations of legislative instruments. |
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http://scaleplus.law.gov.au
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| | Stockton Crime Stoppers |
| | Today, there are more than 950 programs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Australia, parts of Europe, and other United Stated territories. | | | Since it's inception, the Stockton Crime Stoppers Program has grown to one of the most effective programs in the United States. | | | Tips received through the program have directly resulted in the clearing of more than 3,100 cases, more than 1,950 arrests, and the payment of more than $155,000 in rewards. |
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http://www.stocktonet.com/community/crimestoppers
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| | Internet Censorship Laws in Australia |
| | Some States/Territories have had Internet specific censorship laws in place since 1996, some enacted laws in 2000/2001, some had such laws pending and others had stated they had no intention of enacting such laws. | | | As at November 2002, only two States, South Australia and New South Wales, had indicated intent to introduce laws substantially similar to the draft model legislation. | | | The WA Censorship Act came into effect on 1 November 1996, and covers both offline material and Internet content, flying in the face of the Commonwealth Government's then attempts to confine any new Internet legislation to the Commonwealth sphere. |
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http://www.efa.org.au/Issues/Censor/cens1.html
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| | Supreme Court - 175th Anniversary Dinner of the Supreme Court of New South Wales: Lawlink NSW |
| | The essence of the Charter of Justice, (the name applied to instruments by which the Crown set up courts of justice for Britain's overseas territories), was expressed succinctly by Sir Victor Windeyer 3. | | | The principles which the Supreme Court was established to protect and enforce have been declared, again and again, by its Chief Justices and its judges. | | | Mr Justice Willis was removed from office by Governor Gipps in 1843, but he appealed successfully to the Privy Council on the ground that he had not been given a proper hearing. |
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http://cjc.nsw.gov.au/sc/sc.nsf/pages/175_7
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| | Australian Legal Resources - Davis Law Library - LEARN - The University of Auckland Library |
| | CaseBase - comprehensive coverage of more than 60 Australian and overseas report series and the unreported decisions of the High Court, the Federal Court and the Supreme Courts of all Australian states and territories and other selected jurisdictions. | | | Federal Court of Australia eSearch - online case information system - contains selected information on cases initiated in the Federal Court of Australia and in the federal law jurisdiction of the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia | | | Parliament of Australia - Hansard - the transcripts of Parliamentary proceedings |
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http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subjects/law/davisweb/australia.htm
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| | Law Reports |
| | Reports of cases decided by the Family Court of Australia and State Courts exercising Federal jurisdiction, Courts of Territories and Federal Tribunals. | | | Reports of judgements of The High Court of Australia, The Federal Court of Australia, other Federal courts and tribunals and the Supreme Courts of the Territories. | | | Reports of cases determined in the High Court of Australia. |
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http://www.liswa.wa.gov.au/lawrep.html
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| | A SHORT HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA |
| | 'The landing convicts in the territories of the United States, even if the masters of the ships perform their contracts for so doing, is an act highly offensive to a country now foreign and independent; and as such very improper for this Government to authorise. | | | But he reported his conviction that New Holland was not divided at that point, and Cook, believing him, was deprived of the honour of discovering the southern coasts of Australia, as he would undoubtedly have done had he acted on his own impulse. | | | And it is, besides, an act of extreme cruelty to the convicts, who, being turned ashore without any of the necessaries of life, are either left to starve, or (as has sometimes been the case) are massacred by the inhabitants. |
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http://www.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200471h.html
(16126 words)
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