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| | Iraq Sanctions Case |
 | | Nonetheless, with the onslaught of the Kurds came new economic pressures.(13) Of the 30 nations that contributed to the American-led, Gulf War coalition, only Britain, Germany and Kuwait openly supported Clinton's September 1996 cruise-missile retaliation. | | | Sub-State: YES Since the sanctions on Iraq are partially attributable to its eradication of (Shiites and Kurds), this issue can be defined as Sub-National. | | | Furthermore, sanctions have not forced Saddam Hussein to change his sanctioned actions: He continues to drain the southern marshes, conducts chemical warfare on Iraqis, continues to threaten the safety of Kurds and Shiites, and continues to threaten the territorial autonomy of his neighbors. |
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http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/iraqsanc.htm
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| | Human Rights Watch: Middle East and Northern Africa : Iraq |
| | This 41-page report details what happened to some of the key archival and forensic evidence that the U.S.-led coalition and, more recently, the Iraqi interim government failed to secure. | | | Human Rights Watch details how the U.S.-led Coalition Provisional Authority failed to act even as the situation grew more volatile. | | | Iraqs interim government urgently needs to implement the judicial means to resolve these disputes, which stem from decades of Arabization policies that uprooted hundreds of thousands of Kurds and other non-Arabs. |
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http://www.hrw.org/mideast/iraq.php
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| | Online NewsHour: Iraq Interim Constitution Signed -- March 8, 2004 |
| | Members of Iraq's Governing Council signed an interim constitution Monday that is geared toward helping the country prepare for self-rule after the U.S.-led coalition transfers power in June. | | | Iraq is set to hold caucuses as part of its U.S.-led transition to democracy, but Shiite leaders are demanding direct elections instead. | | | It is in the Bill of Rights in the transitional administrative law, what is commonly being called the interim constitution. |
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http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june04/iraq_3-8.html
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| | Iraqi Special Tribunal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The Tribunal was set up by a specific Statute issued under the Coalition Provisional Authority and now reaffirmed under the jurisdiction of the Iraqi Interim Government. | | | Many international human rights law groups have opposed the Tribunal, primarily because they felt excluded from the process of its creation, they had wished to see international (non-Iraqi) lawyers empaneled on the Tribunal, and they also object to the availability of the death penalty under Iraqi law. | | | The Iraq Special Tribunal is a body established under Iraqi national law to try Iraqi nationals or residents accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious crimes committed between 1968 and 2003. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Special_Tribunal
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| | Iraq Survey Group - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Until March 2003, Saddam Hussein convinced his top military commanders that Iraq did indeed possess WMD that could be used against any U.S. invasion force, in order to prevent a coup over the prospects of fighting the U.S.-led Coalition without these weapons. | | | The search uncovered numerous banned weapons-related programs, but failed to find stockpiles, which were the main stated reason for United States President George W. Bush ordering the invasion of Iraq to remove Saddam. | | | The Iraq Survey Group (ISG) was a fact-finding mission sent by the coalition after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq to find weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs developed by Iraq under the regime of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Survey_Group
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| | Iraq Survey Group - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Until March 2003, Saddam Hussein convinced his top military commanders that Iraq did indeed possess WMD that could be used against any U.S. invasion force, in order to prevent a coup over the prospects of fighting the U.S.-led Coalition without these weapons. | | | The search uncovered numerous banned weapons-related programs, but failed to find stockpiles, which were the main stated reason for United States President George W. Bush ordering the invasion of Iraq to remove Saddam. | | | The Iraq Survey Group (ISG) was a fact-finding mission sent by the coalition after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq to find weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs developed by Iraq under the regime of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Survey_Group
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| | Iraq's special court missed first date with Saddam - Jul. 08, 2004 |
| | He insisted that the IST, created by the US-led coalition and already suffering from a legitimacy problem in the eyes of many Iraqi judges and lawyers, was ultimately in charge of the proceedings. | | | Under the IST's statute, which provides Iraq for the first time with a legal forum to try cases involving war crimes and genocide, the judges must be in place before an investigative judge can begin proceedings, the advisor said, on condition of anonymity. | | | The tribunal, however, was unable to provide one as it had not appointed a set of nine appellate judges who are needed for the organ to function fully, which was why the central court became involved, a US advisor to the body said. |
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http://www.inq7.net/wnw/2004/jul/08/wnw_4-1.htm
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| | PWHCE - Coalition of the Willing List, Map and Troop Numbers |
| | Smaller countries in the Coalition were labelled "token" allies, and ulterior motives were ascribed to various Coalition Governments, despite the respective governments outlining highly plausible reasons for their participation. | | | MEMRI: Member States in the American-Led Military Coalition in Iraq are Staying. | | | At least two (one, two) people were so eager to prove Bush a liar that they presented this page as conclusive evidence against the President of the United States. |
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http://www.pwhce.org/willing.html
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| | Post-Saddam-Iraq |
| | Long before the first bombs were dropped on Baghdad in March of 2003, there was little doubt in the international community that the United States-led "coalition of the willing" would emerge victorious over Iraqi forces. | | | The nations that initially opposed the coalition force's invasion of Iraq have been the most vociferous in calls for a United Nations controlled administration in Iraq. | | | While the international community has agreed in principle that the future Iraqi Government should be controlled by Iraqis and not by a foreign power, there is a general consensus that an interim military administration should govern Iraq until a more permanent solution can be found. |
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http://meria.idc.ac.il/research-g/post-saddam-iraq.html
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| | Americans.net Delivers Information on the Iraqi War and Iraqi Freedom |
| | An international coalition led by the United States evicted Iraq in January and February of 1991 in a conflict known as the Persian Gulf War. | | | Our servicemen and women and our coalition allies have faced many dangers in the hunt for members of the fallen regime, and in their effort to bring hope and freedom to the Iraqi people. | | | President George W. Bush on Thursday announced to the Nation that major combat operations in Iraq have ended, and our coalition is now engaged in securing and reconstructing that country. |
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http://www.iraqiwar.com/
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| | Middle East and North Africa |
| | In Iraq, a U.S.-led Coalition has ended the brutal dictatorship of Saddam Hussein and is supporting the establishment of a democratic, pluralist government. | | | The United States helped draft and revise legislation affecting basic rights, for example on NGOs, judicial procedures and penal codes, and placed a priority on training Iraqi police to provide security and promote law and order in a manner consistent with international human rights standards and democratic practice. | | | Iraqs human rights record prior to the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime in April 2003 was extremely poor. |
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http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/shrd/2003/31022.htm
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| | Iraq adopts new constitution |
| | BAGHDAD, Iraq -- A twice-postponed signing ceremony for Iraq's interim constitution took place Monday, marking an important milestone in the U.S.-led coalition's plan to hand sovereignty to a transitional government by June 30. | | | Hailed as a historic step on Iraq's path to democracy, the so-called basic law calls for elections for a transitional government to be held by January 2005. | | | Just after the ceremony, Shi'ite members made clear that the dispute that derailed the previously scheduled signing remains unresolved. |
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http://www.freep.com/news/nw/iraq9_20040309.htm
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| | (DV) Lobe: Iraqi Governing Council Plans Latest Assault on Women's Rights in Iraq |
| | Since the ouster of former president Saddam Hussein by U.S.-led forces last April, religious conservatives in both Shia and Sunni parts of Iraq are said to have become increasingly prominent and influential. | | | In a letter sent to President George W. Bush on February 2, the national political leaders, led by Representatives Carolyn Maloney, Eddie Bernice Johnson, and Darlene Hooley, complain the move will reverse legal guarantees for Iraqi women, who were among the most liberated in the Arab world. | | | The lawmakers were referring to IGC resolution 137, approved by the 25-member body Dec. 29, which replaces Iraq's 1959 personal-status legislation with religious laws to be administered by clerics from the country's different religious faiths, depending on the sect to which the parties in any dispute belonged. |
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http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Feb04/Lobe0207.htm
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| | 2003 Invasion of Iraq |
| | The Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq was worded so as to bring Iraq to heel on inspections. | | | Note that the 2003 invasion was commonly called at the time the "Iraq War." This term is also commonly used to refer to Occupation of Iraq, 2003-2004 continuing hostilities in that country under military and civil occupation, though the U.S. government uses the term "insurgency" to refer to "non-official" opposition forces. | | | Prior to invasion, the United States and other coalition forces involved in the 1991 Persian Gulf War had been engaged in a low-level conflict with Iraq, enforcing the Iraqi no-fly zones where Iraqi air-defense installations were engaged on a fairly regular basis. |
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http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/2/2003-Invasion-of-Iraq.htm
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| | The Command Post - Iraq - UN Human Rights Commission Criticises Iraq |
| | But a vocal minority of the 53-nation U.N. Human Rights Commission said U.S.-led coalition forces themselves should come under investigation for possibly violating the rights of Iraqis. | | | Critics - including China, Libya, Cuba and South Africa - said the resolution put to the commission by European nations, the United States and Canada was one-sided and failed to address the coalition's role during the war and as an occupying power since Saddam's ouster. | | | Oh, and I see that on the same day, the UN HRC voted 31 to 15 against condemning Cuba's recent Kangaroo Courts that "cracked down on dissidents". |
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http://www.command-post.org/archives/006329.html
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| | EUbusiness - EU condemns prisoner abuse in Iraq |
| | The European Union Monday expressed "abhorrence" at the widely catalogued abuse of prisoners in Iraq but welcomed the US-led coalition's pledges to bring the troops responsible to justice. | | | But the ministers added: "The Council welcomed the commitment by the relevant governments to bring to justice any individuals responsible for such acts involving the abuse of Iraqi detainees, and their commitment to rectify any failure to adhere to international humanitarian law." | | | Without naming the United States or Britain, whose troops have also been accused of brutalising Iraqi detainees, EU foreign ministers said such abuses ran counter to international law. |
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http://www.eubusiness.com/afp/040517151241.1gkku6bo
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| | CNS - In Post-War Iraq, Placating the Shi'a is Paramount - January 30, 2004 - Research Story |
| | Al-Hakim denounced the possibility of a puppet government installed by the United States, but encouraged Iraqi Shi'i to work with the United States in order to develop a new Iraqi government. | | | Iraq's foremost Shi'a cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani has issued a fatwa (religious decree) opposing this plan and demanded full and open elections in the absence of an UN-certified finding that supports the Coalition's claims. | | | Following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, the Shi'a majority will play an integral part in the establishment of a new Iraqi government. |
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http://www.cns.miis.edu/pubs/week/040130.htm
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| | (DV) Lobe: Iraqi Governing Council Plans Latest Assault on Women's Rights in Iraq |
| | Since the ouster of former president Saddam Hussein by U.S.-led forces last April, religious conservatives in both Shia and Sunni parts of Iraq are said to have become increasingly prominent and influential. | | | In a letter sent to President George W. Bush on February 2, the national political leaders, led by Representatives Carolyn Maloney, Eddie Bernice Johnson, and Darlene Hooley, complain the move will reverse legal guarantees for Iraqi women, who were among the most liberated in the Arab world. | | | The column, “Women in the New Iraq,” argued, “women must have an equal role and more women should be included in Iraqi governing bodies and ministries,” but failed to mention the growing controversy over Resolution 137 or the threat to women's rights it poses. |
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http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Feb04/Lobe0207.htm
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| | 2003 Invasion of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | 2003 Iraq war timeline for a more detailed account of the invasion. | | | Prior to invasion, the United States and other coalition forces involved in the 1991 Persian Gulf War had been engaged in a low-level conflict with Iraq, enforcing the Iraqi no-fly zones where Iraqi air-defense installations were engaged on a fairly regular basis. | | | At the time, the 2003 invasion was commonly called the "Iraq War" outside of Iraq. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq
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| | Post-Saddam Iraq |
| | The Presidents direction is clear: If it becomes necessary for a U.S.-led military coalition to liberate Iraq, the United States will want to be in a position to help meet the humanitarian, reconstruction and administrative challenges facing the country in the immediate aftermath of combat operations. | | | The United States does not support Iraq's disintegration. | | | President Bush has not made final decisions about if and when to use military force to disarm Iraq, nor has he made any final decisions about exactly how the United States will proceed with respect to Iraq after a conflict, if one is required. |
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http://www.state.gov/p/17616.htm
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| | Daily News by Radok News |
| | Iraq became a sovereign country on Monday, 15 months after the United States led a coalition to oust Saddam Hussein from power and two days before the June 30 deadline for control to be turned over to the interim Iraqi government. | | | Federal regulators are considering a new indecency regulation that would require broadcasters to keep recordings of their programs for a limited period of time. | | | Microsoft agreed about two weeks ago to pay Sun Microsystems $1.6 billion to settle a private antitrust suit and resolve patent claims. |
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http://www.radoknews.com/
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| | Human Rights Watch World Report 2004: Sidelined: Human Rights in Postwar Iraq |
| | The problematic human rights dimension of U.S. policy in Iraq stood out clearly in April and May, with the failure of war planners to address post-war obligations of the U.S.-led coalition to respect civilian lives and property, including public property, and provide basic security for Iraqi residents. | | | The member states of the Commission for Human Rights, moreover, should make it a priority at its next annual meeting, in March-April 2004, to renew the mandate of the special rapporteur on Iraq and specify that the mandate includes on-going developments as well as past abuses. | | | Security conditions may constrain United Nations efforts in Iraq, but this should not prevent donors from earmarking funding for this purpose, or the United Nations identifying suitable experts and preparing to extend its presence on the ground. |
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http://www.hrw.org/wr2k4/6.htm
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| | Al-Ahram Weekly Region The day after |
| | The plan marks the first time the administration has discussed what could be a lengthy occupation of Iraq by coalition forces, led by the United States. | | | Some agree that an American-led administration is a viable option which can save the country from anarchy, while others say such a plan confirms their old suspicion regarding the Americans, who will eventually betray the Iraqi opposition once it had fulfilled its envisaged role. | | | Although there had not yet been any formal approval of the plan, Secretary of State Colin Powell said the model is being reviewed and American soldiers would be bound to remain in Iraq if the United States fights a war to depose Saddam "until you could put in place another system". |
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http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/608/re1.htm
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| | Human Rights Watch World Report 2004: Sidelined: Human Rights in Postwar Iraq |
| | The problematic human rights dimension of U.S. policy in Iraq stood out clearly in April and May, with the failure of war planners to address post-war obligations of the U.S.-led coalition to respect civilian lives and property, including public property, and provide basic security for Iraqi residents. | | | The member states of the Commission for Human Rights, moreover, should make it a priority at its next annual meeting, in March-April 2004, to renew the mandate of the special rapporteur on Iraq and specify that the mandate includes on-going developments as well as past abuses. | | | Several factors probably account for this, including the administration’s aversion to anything hinting of “international justice,” a concern that the jurisdiction of any justice mechanism be confined to crimes of Iraqi officials, and a desire to preserve some ability to trade prosecution deals for intelligence on weapons of mass destruction and other subjects of interest. |
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http://www.hrw.org/wr2k4/6.htm
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| | CNN.com - Paris: We may help in chemical war - Mar. 18, 2003 |
| | Despite French opposition to a war in Iraq, the French military could assist a U.S.-led coalition should Iraq use biological and chemical weapons against coalition forces, the French ambassador to the United States said Tuesday. | | | Have Bush and Blair made the case for war against Iraq? | | | "The United States presented an ultimatum to Iraq, whether or not this was concerned with the disarmament of Iraq or not or of a much-hoped-for regime change inside the country, there is no justification for this unilateral resort to war." |
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http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/18/sprj.irq.france.chemicals
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| | Everything Nick Berg:Nick Berg Assassination |
| | Senor said that to his knowledge Berg "was at no time under the jurisdiction or detention of coalition forces. | | | Coalition spokesman Dan Senor told reporters that Berg was detained by Iraqi police in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul. | | | No consequences for the lies that led to the Iraq War and Occupation which, in turn, led to slaughter of Iraqis and Americans in Falluja, the torture at Abu Gharib and the beheading of American Nick Berg. |
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http://www.siql.com/security/terrorism/Nick_Berg/Nick_Berg_assassination.htm
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| | Usenet Archive |
| | This raises the question; if the US-led coalition's troops could not recognise combatants, but instead regarded any civilian as a likely ``enemy combatant,'' is it not probable that many--if not most--of those incarcerated in Guantanamo Bay are innocent civilians? | | | The Financial Times' John Dizard dug up the Bar Association's 110-page report that leaves no doubt the practices revealed at Abu Ghraib violated both U.S. and international law. | | | \ \ -- http://muslimwakeup.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=359 / / Practically ignored in the Abu Ghraib torture scandal are the Iraqi female prisoners who have told their attorneys they were raped by U.S. soldiers. |
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http://usenet2.best-buy-online.com/Dir3/File49.html
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| | Articles - Iraq |
| | Iraq was under Ba'ath Party rule from 1968 to 2003, in 1979 Saddam Hussein took leadership and became president until 2003, when he was unseated by a US-led invasion. | | | Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity. | | | Iraq changed its oil reserve currency from US dollar to euro in 2000. |
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http://www.ezorange.com/articles/Iraq
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| | BBC NEWS World Middle East US general suspended over abuse |
| | Gen Kimmitt, the deputy head of coalition forces in Iraq, said the suspected abusers "let their fellow soldiers down". | | | The military police officers have been charged by the US Army with crimes ranging from assault and maltreatment to indecent acts against prisoners. | | | A US general has been suspended in Iraq over the alleged abuse of prisoners by US troops in jails she ran. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3669331.stm
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| | Channelnewsasia.com |
| | Salam Chalabi, executive director of the Iraqi Special Tribunal, and the coalition forces agreeed to the hand over of Saddam, the tribunal charged with Iraqi war crimes announced in a statement. | | | BAGHDAD: The US-led multi-national force has officially agreed to hand jailed dictator Saddam Hussein and 11 members of his old regime over to Iraqi custody in the next few days, the country's special tribunal says. | | | NATO united on Iraq, Afghanistan but differences remain |
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http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/92703/1/.html
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