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Topic: Uniform civil code

Ads by Google Related Topics Uniform Commercial Code      Uniform civil code - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Uniform civil code is a term originating from the concept of a civil law code. Furthermore article 44 expressly mandates the government to introduce a uniform civil code, which would include such items as marriage, inheritance and divorce, which were the main protections granted to Muslims in their personal law. Those in favour of a secular Uniform Civil Code are the Bharatiya Janata Party, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_civil_code   (7212 words)      ipedia.com: Civil law Article Civil law (as opposed to "canon law") is the secular legal system of the national government when there is also a system of ecclesiastical courts governed by a church's laws in the same country. Violations of civil law are considered to be torts or breaches of contract, rather than crimes. The civil law is based on Roman law, especially the Corpus Juris Civilis of Emperor Justinian, as latter developed through the Middle Ages by mediaeval legal scholars. http://www.ipedia.com/civil_law.html   (702 words)      Uniform Law Conference of Canada - Commercial Law Strategy A Uniform Court Jurisdiction and Proceedings Transfer Act was adopted in 1994. Priority is being given to promoting the enactment of the ULCC's uniform acts pertaining to the enforcement of Canadian judgments and decrees and to court jurisdiction and proceedings transfer which have a direct impact on litigants in Canada. A uniform Act was adopted in 1997 to provide for the implementation of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States. http://www.ulcc.ca/en/cls/index.cfm?sec=3   (942 words)      dialognow Civil and thoughtful dialog SC favours uniform civil code 'Observing that a common civil code would help national integration, the Supreme Court has given a major relief to the Christian community by striking down as unconstitutional a provision of Indian Succession Act putting restrictions on them from donating their property for religious and charitable purpose by a will. Similarly, We should have uniform civil code based on civility and common-sense. About the Uniform Civil Code Talking of outdated laws, we often discuss the need or not Uniform Civil Code. http://www.dialognow.org/node/view/792   (1404 words)      India-Today's editorial on Uniform Civil Code Subject: India-Today's editorial on Uniform Civil Code A VERY TIMEL REMINDER India-Today, May 31, 1995 The Supreme Court's directive to the Government that it should enact a uniform civil code is an example of judicial activism deserving of the highest plaudits. Article 44 of the Constitution says: "The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India." This is one of the Directive Principles of State Policy required to be applied by the state while making laws.... The court's emphasis on the need for a uniform civil code that would supercede personal law followed its nullification of the second marriages of four men whose wives had sued after falling victim to this practice. http://www.hindunet.org/alt_hindu/1995_Jun_1/msg00050.html   (891 words)      Uniform Civil Code - Author - Gauri Kulkarni - 4th year law- Symbiosis Societys law college - Pune Politically, the nation is divided as BJP, which propagates implementation of the Uniform Civil Code (hereinafter referred to as the UCC) and the non BJP including the Congress party, Samajwadi party, who are against the implementation of the UCC. The Supreme Court first directed the Parliament to frame a UCC in the year 1985 in the case of Mohammad Ahmed Khan v. The grounds enumerated in the code should be reasonable and the procedure prescribed should be according to the principles of natural justice. http://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/ucc.htm   (3046 words)      Surya Kumari Upadhyayula - Articles Always a contentious issue and a pet project of the Sangh Parivar, the Uniform Civil Code is one of the three controversial points on its electoral agenda that the BJP had to drop to forge the National Democratic Alliance. The advocates of such a code cite Article 44 of the Constitution under Directive Principles of State Policy, which provides: The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India. Criminal and civil laws are already common for all citizens. http://www.suryakumari.com/articles/ucc.html   (2239 words)      Uniform Civil Code- A Reflection The Criminal Procedure Code, 1882 replaced by the cod e of Criminal Procedure 1898 provided for a uniform law of procedure for the whole of India which also provided under section 125 (488 old) for maintenance to a wife, including a divorced wife, unable to maintain herself. They were strongly of the view that uniform civil code should be guaranteed to the Bhartiya people with in a period of five to ten years. Finally the Indian penal code was enacted in 1860 making bigamy punishable under section 494, I. Bigamous marriages have been made punishable amongst Christians by Act XV of 1872, parsis by Act II of 1936 and Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains by Act XXV of 1955. http://www.hvk.org/articles/0900/124.html   (1847 words)      Online NewsHour Forum: Forum Title -- The Indian Elections -- March 20, 1998 The BJP support for a uniform civil law is that it all citizens, under the Indian constitution are equal, but that providing for personal civil law defined in terms of religious community, denies the equality of all Indian citizens. A uniform civil code is an anti-minorities measure if it is imposed upon the minorities, but not if the minorities themselves want it. Why is the support of a uniform civil law for all India's citizens viewed by some as an anti-minority measure? http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/march98/india2.html   (786 words)      Chapter 8: Personal Laws Indian National Social Action Forum Manual Against the communal demand of the forces like the RSS for a Uniform Civil Code, any debate on the reform of personal laws and gender justice is projected as a challenge and a threat to their tenous security by the Muslim fundamentalists. Strictly speaking, there are only two broad categories of laws -- civil and criminal -- and laws by their very nature are public. In de-communalising [You may wish to consider how important it is to democratise society for achieving this and also for building a consensus on Uniform Civil Code] these demands the need is also to expose the various misconceptions and stratagems of the communal forces on these issues. http://www.sacw.net/i_aii/ch8.html   (1489 words)      Centre for Civil Society The Supreme Court of India has come out in favour of a Uniform Civil Code in the Country that is a law common to all communities in personal matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and succession. The Swatantra Bharat Party's proposal of a National Civil Code is, in fact, a Common Civil Code since it applies equally to all the communities throughout the territory of India. The judicial observation is particularly inopportune since its public knowledge that BJP was always strongly in favour of a Common Civil Code but that it was required to keep the matter on the back burner since it was unable to carry its National Democratic allies with it on the subject. http://www.ccsindia.org/people_sj_commoncivilcode.asp   (1027 words)      Freeindiamedia.com, Express your impartial, radical, grassroot views on current issues. If a government acts thus [imposing a common civil code], such a government would be insane in my opinion.” He further clarified, “Article 35 [as it was in the draft Constitution] merely proposes that the State shall endeavour to secure a civil code for the citizens of the country. It is also abhorrent that while the directive principle of a uniform civil code is emphasised, no one bothers to talk about the non-implementation of other directive principles that are far more important than the enactment of a uniform civil code. Moreover, the court is right in expressing its dissatisfaction that the government has not done anything so far to enact a uniform civil code. http://www.freeindiamedia.com/politics/4_aug_03_politics.htm   (1095 words)      GOANEWS - BY SANDESH PRABHUDESAI The code of civil registration according to which the registration of all births, deaths and marriages is compulsory, has always been an integral part of the PCC. In the case of Hindus, there is no relationship between the civil marriage and the religious marriage, whereas in the case of Muslims the Maulavi may ask to see the certificate of civil registration before performing the nikah. He seemed to be fascinated with a provision, penalising the civil registrar if any marriage is registered in contravention of the provisions of the civil code. http://www.goanews.com/23may97.htm   (1115 words)      code civil The present Civil Code shall determine the legal status of participants in the civil turnover and regulate the... India is considering the adoption of a Uniform Civil Code that would replace a multitude of religious laws which apply only to the adherents of particular religions. A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to... http://www.jointctr.org/?Category=code%20civil   (819 words)      Dissecting a directive The opponents of the Hindu Code Bill demanded a provision for a uniform civil code more as a stalling tactic than as a principled position; they insisted that the Bill be withheld until it was modified and made applicable to all Indians. However, the BJP's post-Shah Bano advocacy of a uniform civil code placed the whole issue as that of a uniform civil code versus the minorities. The Bharatiya Janata Party, which has made the enactment of a uniform civil code one of its slogans, and has closely identified this with its brand of aggressive cultural nationalism, promptly expressed agreement with the Chief Justice's remarks. http://www.flonnet.com/fl2102/stories/20040130000707400.htm   (804 words)      outlookindia.com Muslims are the obstacle for Uniform Civil Code. Many renowned experts in the field would agree that today, the biggest obstacle for uniform civil code is the very existence of RSS who sees the uniform civil code as a sign of victory over the muslims and a humilation to muslims. TO BuddhaIsGreatest: Uniform civil code is an ideal that needs to be evolved by careful consual approach, disucssion and allaying of fears and insucries AND IN A CLIMATE OF MUTAUL RESPECT AND LOVE. http://www.outlookindia.com/submain1.asp?mode=25&refer=29703&rcount=40   (747 words)      "The goal of the Constitution is purposeful reform not a purposeless uniformity"  , The Milli Gazette, ... This irritating lack of uniformity in its application may have prompted the Chief Justice to remind the government about the need for a uniform civil code. The provision for a uniform civil code was inserted into the Constitution to pave the way for the reform of Hindu personal law through the Hindu Code Bill, then pending before the Assembly and facing stiff opposition on religious grounds. You have been writing extensively on the issues of uniform civil code and personal laws. http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-29Feb04-Print-Edition/1602200444.htm   (862 words)      Uniform civil code One twist in current state of democracy in India is that Consitution dictates uniform civil code must be implemented. I believe in uniform criminal and civil codes. the state therefore cannot be permitted to adopt a uniform civil code claiming it to be the much needed religion of today's "modern times", for that would be going against the very intent of the Constitution. http://www.vsbabu.org/mt/archives/2003/06/16/uniform_civil_code.html   (2012 words)      flavia Civil Court of Mumbai, the State High Court and the Supreme Court of India. She has been an advocate of pluralism in the uniform civil code and reform of the personal laws of different communities. Ms.Agnes has written a lot on domestic violence and the uniform civil code http://math.uh.edu/~chakri/flavia.html   (629 words)      Uniform Civil Code or Gender Justice? argument by the Supreme Court that the Uniform Civil Code Common Civil Code have not opted to undergo a marriage and the Civil Procedure Code and the laws relating to torts http://www.countercurrents.org/hr-coder090803.htm   (561 words)      The Phantom of the Opera: Ideas & Identities of India Pakistan He says that at present marriage, divorce, and inheritance cases are speedily decided by maulanas and ulemas and if a common civil code is enforced, then it would cast a huge burden on the courts. They see the imposition of a common civil code as a violation of their minority rights and interference in the Shariah laws. Justice V. Khare’s recent observation on the Parliament’s remissness in not “framing a common civil code in the country” has once again ignited the debate on the common civil code in India. http://www.chowk.com/show_article.cgi?aid=00002414&channel=civic   (1852 words)      debate forums - Uniform Civil Code The speakers maintained that you cannot impose a Civil Code on minorities, and a Uniform Civil Code can only be brought about after the Muslims develop their Personal Laws. One of the Directive Principles of state policy in the Indian Constitution states, "The State shall endeavor to bring about a Uniform Civil Code for all citizens". The main problem that secular parties have with a Uniform Civil Code is that the ones promulgating such a law will ignore the muslim community in this process. http://www.debateforums.net/showthread.php?goto=lastpost&t=3301   (842 words)      archive: Uniform Civil Code cannot be imposed on people: Jethmalani However, Jethmalani said that the provisions of the Article 25 of the Constitution had to be read with article 44 of the Constitution, which stated that the state shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a Uniform Civil Code. The framers of the Indian Constitution had anticipated the interpretational hazards of the provisions and dealt with the subject of uniform code with utmost care and caution. www.dailyexcelsior.com/00apr20/ Uniform Civil Code cannot be imposed on people: Jethmalani NEW DELHI, Apr 19: Union Minister for Law, Justice and Company Affairs, Ram Jethmalani, today said a Uniform Civil Code should not be forced upon the people but has to be secured through a steady effort. http://www.media-watch.org/articles/0400/171.html   (350 words)      Does INDIA need a Uniform Civil Code ??? Have a Uniform civil code whether it is a Govt employee or a private or self-employed. My gutfeel on the issue is that a uniform code should not be imposed on the society...Having a uniform code for Govt and private employment is one thing and having a code for marriage, property, religion rights is another. My Gutfeel says India does need a uniform civil code that is similar to developed countries like US, Australia. http://www.gutfeel.com/forum/post-194.html   (388 words)      Opposition finds uniform code knotty- The Economic Times The Congress and the rest of the Opposition, which differed with the apex court’s view that a “uniform civil code was essential for national integration”, said there should not be any interference in the personal laws of religious groups. As a matter of fact, the apex court in its 1995 observations on the common civil code had noted that many Islamic countries have codified and reformed the Muslim Personal Law to check its misuse. The BJP, which maintains that the issue is really about the duty to abide by Article 44 of the Constitution — “The state shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India&; wants political parties to treat it also as a human rights issue. http://www1.economictimes.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=94592   (512 words)      We don't need Uniform Civil Code: Maulana Hasan Nadwi - Sify.com If a common civil code is enforced, then it would cast a huge burden on the courts. The Supreme Court has expressed itself in favour of a common civil code. The All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) has rejected outright the Supreme Court observations on enforcement of a uniform civil code, saying such a law could not be imposed on any particular religion. http://www.sify.com/news/politics/fullstory.php?id=13208458&vsv=72   (600 words)      Brett Marston: UNIFORM CIVIL CODE The Chief Justice of the Indian Supreme Court endorsed a common civil code on Tuesday. Read the New India Press story here, which gives an overview of some of the controversies surrounding a uniform civil code, including touchy issues of family law that go to the heart of issues of communty identity, multiculturalism, secularism, and the exercise of private power. Read the BBC article here (Chris alerted me to the story; thanks!) The Hindustan Times has this report, and notes that the decision in which the Court expressed its views concerned statutory restrictions (from 1925) on Christian charitable donations, which the Court struck down as an unconstitutional infringement of equality rights. http://marston.blogspot.com/2003/07/uniform-civil-code.html   (239 words)      LS to discuss Uniform Civil Code However, the Bharatiya Janata Party-led government is unlikely to agree to it, as many of its allies are opposed to the Uniform Civil Code. Earlier this week, the apex court had expressed anguish over the government's failure to enact the common civil code to end discrimination between various religious communities in the areas of marriage, succession and property. Lok Sabha Speaker Manohar Joshi on Friday agreed to the opposition's demand for a discussion on the Supreme Court's recent recommendation to introduce the Uniform Civil Code. http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/25ucc1.htm   (303 words)      View Reviews The Elders had concluded that though a uniform civil code is desirable for the integrity of India, it may not be possible for some time and right climate should be created for its introduction. In any case, the law, as and when changed or discussed, should be called Common Civil Law rather than Uniform Civil Law to allay the fears of the minorities. The CJI voiced his distress that the State had failed to enact Common Civil Code to end discrimination among various communities in the areas of marriage, succession and property. http://www.sandesh.org/DisplayReview.asp?cMsgID=10   (769 words)      Imrana Rape Case: Hindu Muslim Unity at stake? Exclusive The Sangh Parivar is demanding that the Uniform Civil Code should be promulgated in the country for all religions to avoid the complexities of Shariat Laws such as in the case of Imrana, a mother of five children. The ruling of the AIMPLB has bestowed an opportunity on the Hindu zealots to rake up the issue of the Uniform Civil Code and to denounce the law prescribed in the Shariat. The Muslim community further alleges that the Parivar has got an opportunity to demand promulgation of the Uniform Civil Code in the country that is considered as anti-Shariat. http://india.internationalreporter.com/news/read.php?id=642   (1301 words)      Centre for Study of Society and Secularism The Supreme Court judgement unfortunately pontificated that Islam is unfair to women and that government should enforce uniform civil code. The majority communal forces, on the other hand, though hardly prepared for justice to their own women, began to demand enforcement of uniform civil code and accused the ruling Congress of not implementing UCC as it appeases the Muslim minority for its votes and condemned its secularism as pseudo-secularism. However, there was great deal of opposition from leaders of various communities and it was for this reason that a compromise was worked out and personal laws were allowed to continue while uniform civil code was made part of Directive Principles, not enforceable but desirable. http://www.csss-isla.com/print.php?val1=archive/2004/dec16_31.htm   (1507 words)      Muslims for Secular Democracy Sangh Parivar which has never shown any commitment to uniform justice and which had staunchly opposed the Hindu Code Bill in 1956 which was aimed at protecting the rights of women and granting them a share in property. The need for a uniform civil code is raised time and again. It is ironical that in the forefront of the demand for a uniform civil code is the same http://www.mfsd.org/press/msdpressstatemnt.htm   (748 words)      Dancing with Dogs: Why India needs a Uniform Civil Code An argument for Uniform Civil Code in India - Uniform Civil Code- A Reflection... An argument for Uniform Civil Code in India - Uniform Civil Code- A Reflection Dancing with Dogs: Why India needs a Uniform Civil Code http://www.madhoo.com/archives/000814.php   (140 words)      A NEVER ENDING DEBATE - Common Civil Code Though majority of voices that are heard during these times is in support of common civil code, some stray, but strong voices could be heard that personal laws of Muslims are all god-given and there is no question of changing it at all. It was the late eighties that we had Sha Banu case and people and also the judiciary felt the need for the Uniform Civil Code then. We may be debating over the need for Uniform Civil Code for another century or more! http://www.data-entry-bpo.com/common-civil-code.html   (497 words)      Political Notes,Indian Politics, News Analysis, India News Online In a written reply to a question whether the Supreme Court had advised the Government to enact a uniform civil code, Minister of State for Law and Justice K Venkatapathy ruled out enactment of such a law as it “involves changes in the personal laws, including those of minority communities”. The Government has told the Lok Sabha that there is no proposal to bring in any legislation to provide for a uniform civil code in the country. If these minority `spokesmen’ genuinely wished to deliver Muslim women, observers say they would see that reform must be backed by legislation. http://news.indiamart.com/news-analysis/political-notes-5608.html   (807 words)      Bharat Forum India News India Headlines India Forum - Forum Muslims in other countries accept uniform civil laws where they do not consider this as a defeat whereas in India it is. This is the service rendered by congressmen, other secular parties and our great media. The constitution is very clear that unless a uniform civil code is followed, integration cannot be imbibed. By bringing this code, neither the majority public wins over the minorities nor are the minorities in danger. http://www.bharat.name/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33&forum=7&post_id=66   (1548 words)      civil code - Search.com related searches: california civil code · legisfrance · code civil du quebec · napoleonic code · california code of civil procedure · code of civil procedure · ca code of civil procedure · california civil procedure · california codes · california penal code Swami Dayananda Saraswathi defends the prospect of a Uniform Civil Code by... California Lemon Law Statutes Cal Civ Code § 1793.22…and it may be asserted by the buyer in any civil action, including an action in small claims court,... http://www.search.com/search?q=civil+code&nav=10.10.4.10&tag=se.sr-1-.page.102.10   (408 words)      Let's be fair to Imrana It is obvious that a Uniform Civil Code would require a larger political consensus in order to acquire legislative shape. Article 44 of the Constitution provides, as part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, that the state shall endeavour to achieve a Uniform Civil Code. However, for responding to Imrana’s case one need not go as far as the debate on a Uniform Civil Code. http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=50422   (1031 words)      Category Selections - New: Topics such as the extent and jurisdiction of civil laws, the relationship between religious law and a system of personal law, the desirability of a uniform civil code, the treatment of women and minorities under a single law, and the maintenance of religious pluralism in India are explored in 16 thought-provoking essays Its importance and original contribution to Civil and Criminal law is not widely known. The main aim of this work is to bring out Naradasmrti's significant contribution made to civil and criminal law of ancient India, making indepth study of all its topics http://www.southasiabooks.com/Categories.asp?SentCategory=235   (479 words)      Why I support the Uniform Civil Code A Common Civil Code must imply that ALL citizens are covered under the same laws on civil and commercial matters. Myth 1: All Muslims are opposed to a Common Civil Code. The Supreme Court has once again set the cat amongst the pigeons on the matter of a Common Civil Code. http://www.mid-day.com/columns/tariq_ansari/2003/july/59483.htm   (761 words)      All India Muslim Personal Law Board Preparation of literature and lecture for enforcement of Muslim Personal Law in Goa, Popularisation of guidance of Islamic Shariah relating to various social issues, Social reforms, Relating to interference into the internal affairs of the Muslim community and Uniform Civil Code, Land Ceiling Act, For waiver of court fee in case of women. Deliberation and Decision on the policy of the government on the implementation of Uniform Civil code Babri Masjid issue and View-point of the Board, Observance of Protection of Sharia Week with reference to Uniform Civil Code, Social Reforms. http://www.aimplboard.org/resulutions.html   (328 words)      COUNTDOWN - 2003 This necessarily implies that in regard to matrimonial and inheritance laws there should be a certain measure of uniformity and equality. The Hindu code Bill brought by Jawaharlal Nehru in mid 1950s, sought to codify and unify the various Hindu social laws under one nomenclature. One can go on and on and probably wind up with the most recent reminder, the third in fifteen years, by the Supreme Court to the powers that be to give effect to the constitutional sanction for Uniform Civil Code under the Article 44. http://www.newstodaynet.com/2003cd/250703.htm   (1222 words)      Secular? That's a laugh That, of course, is a misnomer; what those opposed to a Uniform Civil Code mean is that the State should not interfere with retrograde personal laws that discriminate on grounds of gender, laws which are not in tune with the social realities of the 21 The best example of such laws is the Muslim personal law that remains unaltered in sum and substance despite vacuous words of assurance by leading lights of the ulema. While introducing the Bill he had described it as 'the first step towards Uniform Civil Code.' http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/may/09kanch.htm   (1242 words)      BJP Election Manifesto - Nari Shakti Set up special courts in every district for the expeditious trial of all civil and criminal cases in which women are the accused; Actively promote the legal and economic rights of women which must be equal to those of men and not subject to the debilitating clauses of personal laws; Mention of mother's name will be made mandatory on all official documents, starting from a child's birth certificate to a person's death certificate; http://www.bjp.org/manifes/chap10.htm   (764 words)      Uniform Commercial Code legal definition of Uniform Commercial Code. Uniform Commercial Code synonyms by the Free ... Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act of 1997 (US) Uniform Commercial Code, Article 2B (software licensing rules) Uniform Commercial Code legal definition of Uniform Commercial Code. http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Uniform+Commercial+Code   (140 words)      Debating India - President Kalam votes for uniform civil code CHANDIGARH: Responding to a query on the need for a uniform civil code at an interactive session with 900 school students at the PGI on Monday, President A P J Abdul Kalam made it clear that a uniform civil code was required keeping in view the population of the country. Debating India - President Kalam votes for uniform civil code We are a billion-strong population and any law has to be uniformly applicable". http://india.eu.org/517.html   (401 words)      Mumbai-Central.com: nukkad Archive (by date) RE: [nukkad] Do we need the Uniform Civil Code? Re: Re: [nukkad] Do we need the Uniform Civil Code? Re: [nukkad] Do we need the Uniform Civil Code? http://www.mumbai-central.com/nukkad/jul2003/mail10.html   (249 words)      Intersectionality Workshop - Abstracts A-B This is evident in the debates surrounding the proposed enactment of a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) in India. Paper Title: 'The Uniform Civil Code in India: Transcendence and Difference in the Politics of Identity' In some feminist arguments that support the UCC, a uniform civil law is seen as providing a sphere of rights to Indian women of different religions, castes and communities, that is alternative to the rights—or wrongs—given to them by religious laws. http://www.kent.ac.uk/clgs/events/intersectionality_abstracts_A-B.htm   (848 words)      The Telegraph - Calcutta : Frontpage Still, Modi drew loud applause when he said: “You are so threatened by a uniform civil code here, but the Muslim who goes to the US must practise the civil code there.” There weren’t too many light moments like this, though, at the four-a-side punch-up over whether “To be truly secular India needs a uniform civil code”. Aiyar asked Jaitley why he did not do anything about it during his term as law minister and termed the other side “pseudo Hindus”. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050314/asp/frontpage/story_4490675.asp   (419 words)      Hindunet: The Hindu Universe: Beef in Hindu Scriptures Punjab, land of the Vedas, and Uttar Pradesh, quintessential Aryavarta where Vedic civilization reached its pinnacle, are caught in a peculiar face-off between History and Dharma, even as both states prepare for assembly elections in the forthcoming year. The issue of the revision and replacement of NCERT textbooks has been so sharply politicized by Leftist academics and Left-leaning politicians that it is virtually impossible to join the debate on purely scholarly grounds. Leftists maintain that the Indus Valley civilization was pre-Aryan, and was destroyed by Vedic-Aryan invaders. http://www.hindunet.org/forum/showflat.php?Cat=&Board=beef&Number=59176&Main...   (7001 words)

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