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| | What Is “Multilateral”? by John Van Oudenaren - Policy Review, No. 117 |
 | | This structural unilateralism is also enshrined in European jurisprudence, as the European Court of Justice (ecj) has upheld the European Commission’s contention that member states have an obligation to renounce or renegotiate treaties with third countries that conflict with the eu’s founding treaties as well as eu directives and regulations. | | | While unilateralism undoubtedly exists in U.S. policy, it is not a new phenomenon, one that is unique to the United States, or one that in all cases is dysfunctional with regard to world order. | | | The eu reacted by charging Ottawa with an outrageous act of unilateralism and supporting Spain in a case against Canada in the International Court of Justice. |
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http://www.policyreview.org/feb03/oudenaren.html
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| | Unipolar Versus Unilateral by John Van Oudenaren - Policy Review, No. 124 |
| | For Chirac and other French officials, American unilateralism was a product of the post-Cold War imbalance of power and the emergence of the United States as the world’s lone “hyperpower.” Multilateralism was to be both the ultimate objective of a French-led effort to restore a balance and the means by which to achieve it. | | | They also embrace unilateral policies as the means by which the United States must protect its interests and act for the greater good of humanity. | | | As a former policymaker, Nye is sensitive to the need for the United States to act unilaterally to protect its interests when inertia or opposition elsewhere in the world precludes multilateral action or when multilateral initiatives do not meet certain tests for U.S. involvement. |
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http://www.policyreview.org/apr04/oudenaren.html
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| | Unilateralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Such action may be in disregard for other parties, or as an expression of a commitment toward a direction which other parties may find agreeable. | | | Recent works that have made this argument include Ronald A. McDonald's Promised Land, Crusader State (1997) and John Lewis Gaddis's Surprise, Security, and the American Experience (2004). | | | Unilateralism has had a long history in the United States. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilateralism
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| | Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy |
| | Despite being accused of unilateralism, the United States has not acted alone. | | | The issue before us today is “Unilateralism and U.S. Power?” The question acknowledges that some accuse the United States of unilateralism. | | | What the United States brings to the world stage can hardly be cast as unilateralism. |
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http://www.state.gov/g/rls/rm/2003/27418.htm
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| | January 2002 Imprimis |
| | If the concern about unilateralism is that American assertiveness be judiciously rationed and that one needs to think long-term, hardly anybody will disagree. | | | Of course, unilateralism does not mean seeking to act alone. | | | It is injurious to the U.S., because it undermines any future ability of the U.S. to act unilaterally, if necessary. |
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http://www.hillsdale.edu/newimprimis/2003/january
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| | MIFTAH--Needed: Palestinian Unilateralism |
| | While seeking a bilateral agreement should continue to be the priority of leaders, one unilateral act no doubt provokes another. | | | Politically and at times when leaders are stubborn and the issues seem intractable, an argument for short term relief through unilateralism can certainly be made. | | | Nevertheless, if either of the parties refuses to negotiate, as the position of Israel has been, other options must be found. |
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http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=4044&CategoryId=5
(856 words)
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| | AlterNet: War on Iraq: Americans Say No to Unilateralism |
| | Majorities of both groups oppose states taking unilateral military action without authorization of the UN Security Council except in cases of genocide. | | | Please show your support with a tax-deductible donation. | | | Reproduction of material from any AlterNet pages without written permission is strictly prohibited. |
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http://www.alternet.org/waroniraq/20030
(1197 words)
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| | Why Liberals Oppose Unilateralism |
| | It was not until the United States stepped in, acting "unilaterally," that the immediate violence was brought to a halt (though the U.S. pursued a multiculturalist concept of order that made a permanent settlement in Bosnia impossible and required American and other troops to stay in the area indefinitely.) | | | For example, when the United States intervened from time to time in Haiti over the course of the 20th century to restore a minimum of order in that desperate place, that was unilateralism. | | | Unilateralism presupposes that we will act to protect our interests. |
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http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/752042/posts
(4542 words)
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| | Unilateralism Dead? That's a Myth Perception |
| | It hasn't altered its position on the Kyoto treaty or the test ban treaty or any of the other issues that were the basis of the earlier judgments. | | | This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. | | | Take the proposal for an international criminal court. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/views01/1024-04.htm
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| | UNITED STATES UNILATERALISM UNDER CHALLENGE: An Analysis |
| | Simply put, United States unilateralism is under challenge. | | | United States and United Nations Dis-connect: Nothing is more apparent about United States "unilateralism" than its disregard for the United Nations route of containment of Iraq. | | | The US President and other high US officials have publicly declared, that the United States would proceed unilaterally against Iraq if the United Nations fails to fall-in line with American proposals. |
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http://www.saag.org/papers7/paper609.html
(1650 words)
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| | unilateralism |
| | the advocacy or pursuit of a unilateral policy, esp. in disarmament. |
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http://www.infoplease.com/ipd/A0714526.html
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| | Operation Intercept: The perils of unilateralism |
| | The size and economic significance of the trade flowing between the two countries today makes unilateral, punishing action by the United States against its neighbor impossible to sustain. | | | The United States could close the border for a few hours, even a few days, but the damage it would inflict on itself by unilaterally shutting it in the name of national security would become crippling after that. | | | The collaboration grew out of a shared desire to publish and disseminate to a wide audience newly-declassified documents about the United States and Mexico. |
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http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB86
(4588 words)
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| | 1) Talks about United States’ rising unilateralism in the current world |
| | 5) An increase in United States unilateralism over issues such as trade etc. Can link to how wide treaties over the sea can be spelled as increase US unilateralism + heg. | | | 1) Talks about United States’ rising unilateralism in the current world. | | | 1) Talks about United States’ rising unilateralism in the current world |
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http://www.wcdebate.com/1policy/2003unilateralism.htm
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| | EJIL- Volume 11 Number 2 - Table of Contents |
| | Unilateralism in Environmental Law: Is it a Necessary Alternative to a Low Common Denominator? | | | Bernhard Jansen, The Limits of Unilateralism from a European Perspective | | | Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, Unilateralism and Environmental Protection: Issues of Perception and Reality of Issues |
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http://www.ejil.org/journal/Vol11/No2
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| | TAP: Vol 13, Iss. 14. Unilateralism Revisited. John B. Judis. |
| | This article may not be resold, reprinted, or redistributed for compensation of any kind without prior written permission from the author. | | | If Saddam still failed to comply, the United States could have sought, and would have had a good chance of winning, security council support for enforcing the resolution by military means. | | | Most recently, it has been manifested in his rejection of the International Criminal Court and in the startling new Bush doctrine on pre-emptive war. |
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http://www.prospect.org/print/V13/14/judis-j.html
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| | Boston.com / News / World / over unilateralism |
| | The document never criticizes the United States directly but appears to recognize Washington when it acknowledges "the commitment by the relevant governments to bring to justice any individuals responsible" for inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. | | | GUADALAJARA, Mexico -- Latin America and Europe capped a summit with a condemnation of Iraqi prisoner abuse and calls for support for the International Criminal Court and the Kyoto Protocol -- indirect criticisms of the United States that never mentioned the country by name. | | | Both sides said they had made headway in the drive to pursue their common goals, including a call to strengthen the United Nations so that it could become a true arbiter of world conflicts, while discouraging unilateral action by countries anywhere. |
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http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2004/05/30/over_unilateralism?mode
(412 words)
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| | Unilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy |
| | What marks this Administration is the style, the posture, and the language that it uses, and the vehemence with which it states its positions. | | | It does not want to be tied down by laws and formal institutions that will constrain its ability to act. | | | Unilateralism in U.S. foreign policy was designed to expose U.S. policymakers and the public to the views of others, in this case to friendly critics. |
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http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/viewMedia.php/prmTemplateID/8/prmID/933
(6712 words)
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| | American Unilateralism Alienates Allies, Isolates Us |
| | This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. | | | Now the high court might simply confirm those rulings. | | | The Supreme Court now has decided to hear a suit brought by lawyers for British and Australian nationals held on the island. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/views03/1124-04.htm
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| | The Hindu : India's positive unilateralism |
| | It avoids exclusive reliance on formal negotiations and bets on unilateral actions that could create better conditions under which traditional negotiations could succeed. | | | Republication or redissemination of the contents of this screen are expressly prohibited without the written consent of The Hindu | | | Even if India's unilateral actions do not produce immediate results, the very act of trying by India would have its own positive consequences over the long term. |
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http://www.hindu.com/2003/10/27/stories/2003102704191100.htm
(905 words)
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| | Officer, The: Preemptive self-defense and unilateralism |
| | In addition to Article 51, there is included in the Charter an Article 53, which states "No enforcement action shall be taken under regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorization of the Security Council" (the italics are by the writer). | | | Zemenides, the established customary international law criteria for preemptive self-defense must be reconsidered. | | | Either that, or seek to have the United Nations General Assembly amend Voting Article 27 of the U.N. Charter. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IBY/is_5_80/ai_n6121100
(992 words)
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| | Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Offense, Defense, and Unilateralism in Strategic Arms Control |
| | Today, similar arguments are heard in Moscow about the need for caution in unilateral arms reductions. | | | The Polish government called for international inspections of the Kaliningrad sites, only to hear from the U.S. State Department, “We do not inspect nuclear storage facilities except as agreed to under relevant arms-control agreements.” | | | This was the case with the Threshold Test Ban Treaty, which was signed in 1974 but did not enter into force until 1990. |
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http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2001_09/gottemoellersept01.asp
(5182 words)
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| | From The National Interest |
| | Unilateralism may be required to pursue this end. | | | If the concern about the new unilateralism is that American assertiveness be judiciously rationed, and that one needs to think long-term, it is hard to disagree. | | | One does not go it alone or dictate terms on every issue. |
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http://www.inthenationalinterest.com/Articles/Vol2Issue4/Vol2Issue4Krauthammer.html
(1276 words)
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| | Robert F. Drinan column: Bush’s unilateralism aggravates world’s problems |
| | The United States also followed its self-proclaimed unilateralism when it refused to ratify the International Criminal Court. | | | The United States continues to be the number one manufacturer of weapons of war, including the sale of small weapons. | | | The unilateralism of the United States was visible once again when President Bush shocked the rest of the world by withdrawing from the Kyoto Global Warming Treaty agreed to by 178 other countries. |
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http://www.natcath.com/NCR_Online/archives/011003/011003m.htm
(797 words)
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| | AlterNet: Note to Bush: We Need the World |
| | Please show your support with a tax-deductible donation. | | | Unilateral social and military policies by the United States may unravel the one post-WWII trend the current Administration wants to continue: Economic globalization. | | | The United States may be the world's dominant military power but we are a debtor nation, dependent upon outsiders to support our economy. |
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http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=15695
(886 words)
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| | Return of U.S. unilateralism |
| | TO THE REST of the world, the United States seems determined to pursue a policy of unilateralism. | | | Last week, the Senate voted to keep American soldiers from obeying the jurisdiction of the proposed International Criminal Court in The Hague. | | | Get up to 50% off home delivery of the Chronicle for 12 weeks! |
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http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2001/12/14/ED26201.DTL
(292 words)
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| | The Observer Special reports Paul Rogers: American unilateralism is back |
| | Even on the issue of a ban on anti-personnel landmines, there was considerable suspicion. | | | Much of the unilateral approach to international security had developed from policies pursued by the Republican majorities in Congress prior to President Bush's election. | | | There had already been strong opposition to the ratifying of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, and to UN proposals for an International Criminal Court. |
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http://observer.guardian.co.uk/worldview/story/0,11581,643484,00.html
(2264 words)
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| | Graebner Adamsian Unilateralism vs. The Bushian Imitation |
| | Adams embraced the notion that the United states reserved for itself the right to act independently from Europe. | | | His strategy was clear: he sought to maximize the clear political and geographic interests of the United States; he had scant concern for Latin American affairs and none for the politics of Europe. | | | For Gaddis, following Adams, the United States pursued a largely unilateral, isolationist course in its relations with Europe until the 1930s, then returned to a unilateralist approach under Presidents Clinton and Bush. |
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http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2004_10-12/book/book_graebner_adam.html
(1060 words)
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| | Just War - Legal |
| | A Living Will is a legal document addressing only deathbed considerations; a client unilaterally declares his/her desire that life-prolonging measures be discontinued when there is no hope of ultimate recovery. | | | This feebleness inevitably led to the resurgence of "might is right" unilateralism, as practiced, for instance, by the United States in places as diverse as Grenada and Iraq. | | | Every accident cause damages, may it be property or your physical body. |
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http://www.bankdynamic.com/legal-articles/5918.php
(2050 words)
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| | EETimes.com - Unilateralism goes to space |
| | U.S. unilateralism in space was codified in a Sept. 20, 2002, document titled the "National Security Strategy of the United States." | | | This transformational use of space resources may play well to a majority of the American people, who show signs of favoring unilateralism since the end of the Iraq War, but it is causing upper-echelon defections. | | | Several analysts at the Naval War College and Air Force Academy published essays in the months leading up to the Iraq assault, warning against assuming that the United States can maintain sole dominance of space. |
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http://www.eetimes.com/story/OEG20030519S0030
(1483 words)
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| | Telegraph News Eurofile: Chirac wants to get out of Brussels straitjacket |
| | Germany and Italy are having similar problems to France in meeting the stability pact criteria and are also applying unilateral remedies to the economic downturn. | | | Which leaves those countries still mulling over joining the euro with a new question. | | | To this end, he has suggested that defence and research spending be excluded from the stability pact rules. |
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/08/30/wfile30.xml&sSheet=/news/2003/08/30/ixworld.html
(620 words)
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| | MIFTAH--90 years of unilateralism |
| | After all, if indeed the Palestinians are unready, how will the "towing" succeed? | | | In 1949, he did not hesitate to state that "peace is vital but not at any price," and "if we chase peace, the Arabs will demand a price of us - borders, or refugees, or both. | | | And in general, it is clear that there are no "unilateral" moves but what was once known as "a dialogue of deeds:" Each side answers a move by the other side with a move of its own, and this duel continues with bloodshed, until one or both of the sides is exhausted. |
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http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=8055&CategoryId=5
(900 words)
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| | The threat of US unilateralism |
| | This new US unilateralism is not limited to external policies. | | | This psyche may allow US unilateralism and militarism to gain domestic support but the cost to the American nation in the long-term will be extensive. | | | After all, if the US feels its soldiers cannot be subject to international norms, other states will also adopt a similar posture and one can visualize the end of notions such as multilateral peacekeeping. |
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http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/july/threat.htm
(2164 words)
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| | Cities for Peace |
| | Whereas a unilateral invasion of Iraq would be illegal under the Charter of the United Nations, to which the U.S. is a signatory; according to the Charter, only the Security Council has legal authority to start wars, with the single exception of national self-defense against armed attack; and | | | Whereas a unilateral invasion of Iraq would clearly violate international law as it would be illegal under the recently passed UN Security Council Resolution 1441 which emphasizes that the Security Council "Decides to remain seized of the matter"; and | | | Whereas the likelihood of a high cost in lives of both combatants and non-combatants is too great given the weak justifications that have been offered for an invasion and the limited considerations for post-war Iraq; and |
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http://www.ips-dc.org/citiesforpeace/universityofcolorado.htm
(536 words)
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| | Confessions Of A Political Junkie: Unilateralism |
| | But instead of asking for their help, the President repeated the old formulas of his unilateralism, raising the risk for American soldiers and the bill to the American treasury. | | | We must change a course of unilateralism and pre-emptive war that is radically wrong for America. | | | I am also here to say that the price of unilateralism in Iraq is too high, and Americans are paying it — in resources that could be used for health care, education, and our security here at home. |
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http://www.erickerickson.org/archives/001555.html
(507 words)
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| | Addressing Assembly, Annan warns UN at crossroads over issue of unilateral action |
| | Rather than wait for that to happen, they argue, States have the right and obligation to use force pre-emptively, even on the territory of other States, and even while weapons systems that might be used to attack them are still being developed," he said. | | | Annan continued, countries were not obliged to wait until there was agreement in the Security Council but instead, reserved themselves the right to act unilaterally, or in ad hoc coalitions. | | | While the Charter affords countries the inherent right of self-defence if attacked, “until now it has been understood that when States go beyond that, and decide to use force to deal with broader threats to international peace and security, they need the unique legitimacy provided by the United Nations,” he declared. |
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http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=8330&Cr=general&Cr1=assembly
(726 words)
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| | Matthew Baise on Unilateralism on National Review Online |
| | Unilateralism and multilateralism have been periodically pressed into service where necessary, but for no reasons other than national interest. | | | It's time to quit paying attention to those who have made unilateralism into an insult. | | | With America held back in the name of a thousand different interests under the guise of coalitions and multilateralism, the rest of the world may be able to ignore the consequences of American might. |
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http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-baise031402.shtml
(702 words)
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| | (DV) Oldfield: Unilateralism -- The Christian Right's Influence and How to Counter It |
| | Although the unilateral inclinations of the present administration stand in at least partial contrast to those of its predecessors, unilateralism is nothing new for the Christian right. | | | However, I would suggest that those looking to organize against the Christian right, and the unilateralist alliance of which it is a part, begin by examining the inherent tensions and contradictions within that alliance and within the Christian right itself, a few of which I will now enumerate. | | | The ideology of American unilateralism draws on a variety of sources from mainstream popular culture and civil religion (see Jewett and Lawrence). |
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http://www.dissidentvoice.org/Mar04/Oldfield0322.htm
(5613 words)
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| | unilateralism - definition of unilateralism by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. | | | unilateralism - the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations | | | A tendency of nations to conduct their foreign affairs individualistically, characterized by minimal consultation and involvement with other nations, even their allies. |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/unilateralism
(141 words)
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| | DAWN - Editorial; 23 January, 2004 |
| | The president specifically defended America's action in going to war against Iraq without UN authorization and declared that, even though weapons of mass destruction had not been found, WMD-related programmes had been detected. | | | Nevertheless, such references as he made to foreign policy issues show that the victory in Iraq has served to strengthen the Bush administration's belief in the efficacy of unilateralism and that it would stick to its "pre-emption" doctrine. | | | That unilateralism will continue to guide American policy emerges clearly from President George Bush's speech to Congress on Tuesday. |
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http://www.dawn.com/2004/01/23/ed.htm
(1221 words)
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| | Pre-emption and Unilateralism |
| | A justifiable unilateralism would have been satisfied with internal development and domestic redress of nationwide issues. | | | So don’t be surprised when it eventually leads to action. | | | Unilateralism acknowledges that no country has actual allies. |
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http://batr.org/gulag/111404.html
(1506 words)
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| | THE BLACK LIST: YOU TAKE THE GOOD AND TAKE THE BAD. |
| | UNILATERALISM, as practiced by the Bush Administration on the global state: D+ | | | It's time to face the fact that unilateralism, like hip-huggers and flashmobs, is a summer fad that just hasn't worked out. | | | Meanwhile, Afghanistan is going through a Taliban-revival craze, and we had to pretend not to notice the situation in Liberia for fear someone would expect us to get involved there, too. |
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http://www.blacktable.com/blacklist030826.htm
(2092 words)
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| | The High Cost of Unilateralism TPMCafe |
| | Dare one suggest that the inadvertant "cost" of Bush's unilateralism has been that in the future the US is going to have to act with good faith in its international dealings and is no longer going to be allowed to cherry pick its adherence to global laws. | | | What we couldn’t really agree on in those early days was what the costs of this unilateralism were going to be. | | | Identifying the costs of unilateralism is a useful exercise at which most Bush critics have failed miserably. |
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http://www.tpmcafe.com/story/2005/6/9/175341/9452
(993 words)
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| | TCS Daily - French Unilateralism |
| | Just in case the UN Security Council is fazed by it, however, they are prepared to shed their abhorrence for unilateral action just long enough to veto any resolution they don't like. | | | The answer is probably just one, France, which tends to indicate that the French definition of unilateralism is, "anything we don't like." To be fair to the French, it is perhaps equally unfair to describe their position as unilateral since they have the complete agreement of German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder's socialist government. | | | After all, if the UN Security Council authorizes such a resolution, how could a French veto be seen as anything but a unilateral attempt to thwart the will of the international community? |
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http://www.tcsdaily.com/article.aspx?id=012803D
(1005 words)
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| | Unilateralism in a Multilateral World |
| | The relationships between multilateralism and unilateralism are subtle: Unilateralism has the properties it has because the world is multilateral (the insurance triangle); to be useful unilateralism requires a multilateral component of some type; this type results from a basic compatibility problem between those who negotiate multilaterally and those who establish unilateralism. | | | This paper addresses the interplay between unilateralism and multilateralism. | | | If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. |
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http://ideas.repec.org/p/eab/tradew/182.html
(714 words)
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| | Spacecraft: Cowboy Unilateralism |
| | Using a corollary to the previously invoked theorem, I make it that unilaterality implies |
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http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~cdhall/Space/archives/000495.html
(106 words)
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| | Unilateralism Cartoons |
| | Copyright in this image is owned by the original artist, rights to reproduce or use the image may be obtained from www.CartoonStock.com. | | | Related topics: paranoia, airlines, terrorism, terrorists, nationalism, isolationism, guns, america, united nations, unilateralism, president bush, paranoid, airline, terrorist, terrorist attack, gun, fear, safety, security, hokeland security, | | | Follow the links at the bottom of this page to search on other topics or to purchase reproduction rights for any of these images or merchandise incorporating the cartoons. |
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http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/u/unilateralism.asp
(130 words)
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| | The Limits of Unilateralism |
| | America, as the world's essential power, must lead the way, but it must lead in a way that others will follow. | | | For the last four years, the president and his administration have interpreted global leadership as an exercise in peevishness, bullying and unilateral use of force. | | | For those words to have meaning, America must lead. |
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http://www.forward.com/main/article.php?id=2630
(1050 words)
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| | archive : s0metim3s :: ‘US unilateralism’ :: August :: 2005 |
| | But, ultimately, the collapse of the “universalist ideology” into ‘US unilateralism’ makes it impossible to talk about the relation between legal form and value form, the oscillation between (as Balibar writes somewhere, J-L Nancy also) citizen and subject. | | | Their response to ‘US unilateralism’ as a failure of inclusion, universality. | | | archive : s0metim3s :: ‘US unilateralism’ :: August :: 2005 |
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http://archive.blogsome.com/2005/08/01/usa-unilateralism
(1204 words)
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