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GI -- World War II Commemoration

For example, Montesquieu (1689-1755) held that to murder prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war is contrary to all law, and Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) added that they must not be held in dungeons or prisons, or put in iron, but should be placed in healthy conditions and liberated after the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> the war.
War crimes can be punished, not only by the organs <bb>>ofb>bb>> the country <bb>>ofb>bb>> which the offender is a citizen--for example, a guard who tortures, or a camp commander who orders the torturing <bb>>ofb>bb>>, prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war will in a civilized country be court-martialed by his own authorities--but also by the enemy.
Although subsequently further refined by various international conventions--for example, the Geneva <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War Convention <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1929 and the Geneva conventions <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1949--the Hague Regulations <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1907 (as they are called for short) have continued to form the core <bb>>ofb>bb>> the law <bb>>ofb>bb>> war <bb>>ofb>bb>> the 20th century.

http://gi.grolier.com/wwii/wwii_warcrimes.html



FEMA CONCENTRATION CAMPS: Locations and Executive Orders

These camps are to be operated by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) should Martial Law need to be implemented in the United States and all it would take is a presidential signature on a proclamation and the attorney general's signature on a warrant to which a list <bb>>ofb>bb>> names is attached.
Some (but not all) <bb>>ofb>bb>> these facilities are currently being used for low-risk state prisoners who require a minimum <bb>>ofb>bb>> supervision.
Some sites are listed by virtue <bb>>ofb>bb>> their status as a WWII internment camp or present-day penal facility and do not necessarily resemble a "concentration camp" to the casual observer.

http://www.global-conspiracies.com/fema_concentration_camps.htm



Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War: World War II

93-96, lists categories <bb>>ofb>bb>> inhumane treatment <bb>>ofb>bb>> prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war and civilian internees in violation <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Hague and Geneva conventions specifying murder, beatings, torture, ill-treatment, illegal employment, and the rape <bb>>ofb>bb>> female prisoners by members <bb>>ofb>bb>> Japanese forces.
U.S. Navy Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War and War Crimes Trials: A World War II Bibliography
Berry, William A. <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Rising Sun.

http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq41-1.htm



American Women Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War

During World War One both Edith Cavell and Mata Hari were prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war and were executed for being spies.
During the Civil War Dr. Mary Walker was held for four months in a Confederate prison camp, accused <bb>>ofb>bb>> being a spy for the Union Army.
Florena Budwin, wife <bb>>ofb>bb>> a Pennsylvania soldier <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Civil War disguised herself as a man and enlisted in the Union Army to be near her husband.

http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/prisoners.html



WWII_WebQuest

Your task is to wear the boots <bb>>ofb>bb>> an American soldier, a citizen at home, or a <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war.
To commemorate the 50th anniversary <bb>>ofb>bb>> the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> the war, we have put together what we believe to be the definitive collection <bb>>ofb>bb>> World War II historical materials on the Web.
To gain a deeper insight into the war effort, you are encouraged to read some <bb>>ofb>bb>> the personal entries written about war experiences by veterans <bb>>ofb>bb>> WW II included on some <bb>>ofb>bb>> the web sites.

http://www.stnorbert-school.org/wwiiwebquest.htm



WWII Stalag Luft 3

Compared to other <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war camps throughout the Axis world, it was a model <bb>>ofb>bb>> civilized internment.
The Geneva Convention <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1929 on the treatment <bb>>ofb>bb>> prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war was complied with as much as possible, but it was still war, still prison, and still grim.
For the enlisted men, guarding prisoners was probably regarded as better than duty in the East, but for the officers it must have been one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the least desired assignments.

http://www.b24.net/pow/stalag3.htm



<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War Camps - Norwegian Merchant Fleet 1939-1945

Yorktown Aviator - "My Experience as <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War by the Imperial Japanese." The story <bb>>ofb>bb>> an American pilot at Ofuna.
After Omori had been established in 1943 ('42?), Shinagawa was converted into a "hospital" for prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war.
The prisoners' barracks were in the middle <bb>>ofb>bb>> the island, between the administration buildings and the soldiers' quarters (north) and the anti aircraft guns (south).

http://www.warsailors.com/POWs/powcamps.html



Statistics on the <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War issue

Shelton, USAF, as a <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War from the Vietnam War.
Even today, 45 years after the end <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Korean War, there are more than 100 South Koreans being held captive in the Communist North.Chang Mu-hwan and Yang Sun-yong, both in their 70s, appealed to the government to bring back the South Korean prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war held in the North.
Vietnam War had 57,685 Killed in Action - at least 2,459 Missing in Action or <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War.

http://www.pownetwork.org/statistics.htm



Fukuoka POW Camp #1 - Forward & Updates

NOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President <bb>>ofb>bb>> the United States <bb>>ofb>bb>> America, by virtue <bb>>ofb>bb>> the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws <bb>>ofb>bb>> the United States, do hereby proclaim April 9, 2004, as National Former <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War Recognition Day.
I hope that I can in some small way contribute to a better understanding <bb>>ofb>bb>> what went on at a Japanese <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war camp, namely Fukuoka POW Camp #1, and help others find out what happened to their husbands, their fathers, grandfathers, and great-grandfathers who were at one time interned here.
As we observe National Former <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War Recognition Day, we honor brave Americans who have demonstrated extraordinary courage in the face <bb>>ofb>bb>> hardship and terror.

http://home.comcast.net/~winjerd/POWCamp1.htm



Fleet Air Arm POW Roll <bb>>ofb>bb>> Honour.

List <bb>>ofb>bb>> Axis <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War (POW) Camps for airmen
This was the main German <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War Camp for Fleet Air Arm and airmen officers <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Allied forces.
Allied aircrew shot down during World War II were incarcerated after interrogation in Air Force <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War camps run by the Luftwaffe, called Stalag Luft, short for Stammlager Luft or Permanent Camps for Airmen.

http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/RollofHonour/POW/FAA_POWHomepage.html



World War II casualties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

France: From the beginning <bb>>ofb>bb>> the war until the capitulation <bb>>ofb>bb>> France in 1940, 892 aircraft were lost, <bb>>ofb>bb>> which 413 were in action and 234 were on the ground.
Combining the total deaths <bb>>ofb>bb>> 8,000,000 people for the Axis and 42,000,000 people for the Allies, the total estimated human loss <bb>>ofb>bb>> life, irrespective <bb>>ofb>bb>> political alignment, caused by World War II was roughly 50,000,000 people with combined civilian and military deaths <bb>>ofb>bb>> 30,000,000 and 20,000,000 respectivly.
Additionally, the total number <bb>>ofb>bb>> the population who served in the military during the war is listed where known.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_casualties_by_country



German camps in occupied Poland during World War II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Many prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war from the Soviet Union were also brought to Poland, where most <bb>>ofb>bb>> them died in labour camps.
Many <bb>>ofb>bb>> the 400,000 Polish prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war captured by Germans during the 1939 invasion <bb>>ofb>bb>> Poland were also confined in these camps, although many <bb>>ofb>bb>> them were also sent as forced labourers in Germany.
The Germans established several camps for prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war (POWs) from the western Allied countries in territory which before 1939 had been part <bb>>ofb>bb>> Poland.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camps_in_Poland_during_World_War_II



WWWPubCo (OkieLegacy)- WWII POW camps in Oklahoma

Following are the various camps, dates they were in operation and the maximum number <bb>>ofb>bb>> aliens or prisoners held there.
In November 15, 1987 Article in the Daily Oklahoman It shows a map <bb>>ofb>bb>> Oklahoma with the location <bb>>ofb>bb>> some POW and Interment Camp Headquarters dotted across the state <bb>>ofb>bb>> Oklahoma during World War II.
Hickory - (a branch <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Camp Howze, Texas, camp) May to June 1944; 13.

http://okielegacy.org/WWIIpowcamps/powcamp1.html



: POW/MIA Forum :

History in the brief: During World War II, Thousands upon thousands <bb>>ofb>bb>> American Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War were liberated by the Red Army but not turned over to US control nor were they repatriated to the US.
Were American Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War killed by the US in the 1970's?
But to the United States, it was just the opposite, it was <bb>>ofb>bb>> vital importance to the war effort in Vietnam.

http://www.ojc.org/powforum/history.htm



AII POW-MIA - JCSD 2001 WW II Working Group

Through its investigative efforts, the World War II Working Group has confirmed that there were about 28,000 American Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War held by the German Nazis and their allies in camps on the Eastern Front.
The World War II Working Group is investigating the possibility that some American POWs who remain unaccounted for from the Eastern camps may have been transferred to Soviet labor camps.
Timothy K. Nenninger and Colonel Nikolay Ivanovich Nikiforov, the Commission’s World War II Working Group has exchanged and examined thousands <bb>>ofb>bb>> documents dealing with the fates <bb>>ofb>bb>> American and Soviet POWs during and after the war.

http://www.aiipowmia.com/gulag/jcsd2001_wwii.html



Mitsubishi World War II (WWII) POW Sendai #6 (Hanawa) Camp

"The Osarizawa Copper Mine at Hanawa has been in continuous operation for 1300 years; and some <bb>>ofb>bb>> the 503 Americans forced to work there for Mitsubishi during the war claimed mining methods were as primitive in the 1940s as they were centuries earlier.
This site is about a few hundred men - 503 Allied World War II POWs and over 50 Commonwealth POWs, brought in to work at Mitsubishi-operated Osarizawa copper mine during the period <bb>>ofb>bb>> 1944 to 1945 when they were finally liberated.
Americans destined for Hanawa were among 1035 prisoners crammed aboard the Noto Maru, built, owned and operated by Mitsubishi, which arrived in Japan from Manila in September 1944.

http://www.mitsubishisucks.com/slave-labor/camps/hanawa



Prisoners_of_war

It is the story <bb>>ofb>bb>> prisoners held by the Japanese during the Second World War...
It was ironic then that he ended up as a <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war on the notorious Burma Railroad, enduring torture and experiencing dreadful war crimes perpetrated against Allied prisoners...
A must read for everyone interested in the Pacific War : This book has been long overdue and to my knowledge it is the first attempt at really explaining what drove Japanese soldiers to behaviour that, on occasions, made other war crimes look like the acts <bb>>ofb>bb>> "boy scouts".

http://books.mysic.co.uk/Prisoners_Of_War



Australian POWs - ANZAC Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War at Buchewald and Colditz

Australian POWs- ANZAC Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War at Buchewald and Colditz
Jack took part in two <bb>>ofb>bb>> the most spectacular mass escapes <bb>>ofb>bb>> the war, but was recaptured on both occasions, and for his audacity in trying to escape was sent to Colditz Castle in Saxony, where the Germans had brought together the most hardened escapers <bb>>ofb>bb>> the war.
Read the story <bb>>ofb>bb>> 6RAR and their United States Presidential Unit Citation (Army)

http://www.1earth.com.au/militaria/b/aussiepow.html



AII POW-MIA Japanese POW Camps

The opinions expressed on this site are those <bb>>ofb>bb>> Advocacy and Intelligence Index for Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War - Missing in Action.
Camps on Philippine Islands :: Luzon Group, Caballo Island Group, Mindanao Island Group, Palawan Island
Camps in Formosa :: Camps in Korea :: Camps in Manchuria :: Camps in CHina and Hong Kong

http://www.aiipowmia.com/wwii/jpwcamp.html



Gamebits: <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War won’t hold your attention captive

Gamebits: <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War won’t hold your attention captive
To have proper expectations <bb>>ofb>bb>> this game, realize there is a difference between <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war camps and the more dramatized concentration camps.
With only so many routes players can take to escape, and with predefined outcomes, <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War is little more than a series <bb>>ofb>bb>> exercises.

http://www.wpi.edu/News/TechNews/article.php?id=503



World War II - List <bb>>ofb>bb>> Japan's <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War (POW) Camps

SOLD Remembered Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> a Forgotten War: An Oral History <bb>>ofb>bb>> Korean War POWS (HB) new,
<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War Camp #1 Fukuoka, Japan - An Insight into Life and Death at a POW Camp in War-time Japan
World War II - Japan's <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War (POW) Camps

http://vikingphoenix.com/public/rongstad/military/pow/pwcmps-3.htm



GameStats: <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War

Check out the trailer for Codemasters' upcoming sneaker set in the <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war camps in WWII.
Insider: First Impressions <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> War (PS2)
Codemasters' 1941 sneaker title challenging players to get info and escape from German war <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> camps is off to the factory.

http://www.gamestats.com/objects/016/016048



Travel destinations: Dachau-Nazi concentration camp in World War II

But only the long lists <bb>>ofb>bb>> <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> names utter the extent <bb>>ofb>bb>> the tragedy that was created in this camp alone.
Once the control building <bb>>ofb>bb>> the concentration camp which was Dachau, it now hold only ghosts <bb>>ofb>bb>> its past.
A travel-oriented look at one <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Nazi concentration camps from World War II : medical/experimental camp Dachau.

http://ks.essortment.com/whatisdachau_rvig.htm



Resources

Ploesti: Fortunes <bb>>ofb>bb>> war prevented a daring raid from crippling German oil supplies by Bob Worley
United States Army in World War II Reader's Guide
The following links are to Government & World War II related web sites.

http://www.376hbgva.com/resources



<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war - the free encyclopedia

Since the special rightsof a <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war, granted by governments, is the result <bb>>ofb>bb>> multilateral treaties, thesedefinitions have no legal effect and those claiming rights under these definitions wouldlegally be considered common criminals under an arresting jurisdiction's laws.
In principle, to be entitled to <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war status, the captured servicemember must have conducted operations according tothe laws and customs <bb>>ofb>bb>> war, e.g.
For instance, in World War II, Soviet prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> Nazi Germany and Germanprisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Soviet Union were often treated with neglect and brutality.

http://www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com/?t=POW



Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment <bb>>ofb>bb>> Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> War

A <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member <bb>>ofb>bb>> the armed forces <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Detaining Power in respect <bb>>ofb>bb>> the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war.
Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil, both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them, the engagements <bb>>ofb>bb>> their paroles or promises.
Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts <bb>>ofb>bb>> the Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect <bb>>ofb>bb>> members <bb>>ofb>bb>> the armed forces <bb>>ofb>bb>> the said Power who have committed the same acts.

http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/91.htm (16450 words)



The Avalon Project - Laws <bb>>ofb>bb>> War : Laws and Customs <bb>>ofb>bb>> War on Land (Hague II); July 29, 1899

Prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war may be set at liberty on parole if the laws <bb>>ofb>bb>> their country authorize it, and, in such a case, they are bound, on their personal honor, scrupulously to fulfill, both as regards their own Government and the Government by whom they were made prisoners, the engagements they have contracted.
Gifts and relief in kind for prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war shall be admitted free <bb>>ofb>bb>> all duties <bb>>ofb>bb>> entry and others, as well as <bb>>ofb>bb>> payments for carriage by the Government railways.
Every <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war, if questioned, is bound to declare his true name and rank, and if he disregards this rule, he is liable to a curtailment <bb>>ofb>bb>> the advantages accorded to the prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war <bb>>ofb>bb>> his class.

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/lawofwar/hague02.htm (3432 words)



Abuse <bb>>ofb>bb>> Prisoners in Iraq (washingtonpost.com)

The United States seeks to comply fully with its convention obligations with respect to prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war and security prisoners in Iraq.
<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> abuse is a war crime, not a matter <bb>>ofb>bb>> administrative discipline.
Both the United States and Iraq have long been parties to the Geneva Conventions, and the United States is bound to observe the conventions in the war for the liberation <bb>>ofb>bb>> Iraq.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A9692-2004May7_2.html (3432 words)



Abu Ghraib torture and <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> abuse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

But, the Administration claims that prisoners taken in Afghanistan did not qualify as prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war under international law.
It was discovered that one <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>>, Manadel al-Jamadi, died as a result <bb>>ofb>bb>> abuse, a death that was ruled a homicide by the military.
This was the first internal evidence since the Abu Ghraib <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> abuse affair became public in April, 2004 that forms <bb>>ofb>bb>> abusive coercion and torture <bb>>ofb>bb>> captives had been mandated by the President.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_prisoner_abuse (6553 words)



<<bb>>bb>bb>>>Prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Since the special rights <bb>>ofb>bb>> a <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war, granted by governments, are the result <bb>>ofb>bb>> multilateral treaties, these definitions have no legal effect and those claiming rights under these definitions would legally be considered common criminals under an arresting jurisdiction's laws.
The term enemy <<bb>>bb>bb>>>prisonerb>bb>>bb>bb>>> <bb>>ofb>bb>> war (EPW) is used by the United States to refer to a captured enemy service member in their custody, but is not a term under the Geneva Conventions.
Similarly, during the Vietnam War, American service members captured by North Vietnam were routinely beaten and tortured in violation <bb>>ofb>bb>> their status as prisoners <bb>>ofb>bb>> war.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POWs (1254 words)

Topic: Prisoner <b>of</b> <b>war<

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